香茅精油对桔小实蝇产卵驱避作用及其化学成份分析

研究了香茅Cymbopogon nardus精油对桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)的产卵驱避作用及其化学成分。结果表明,香茅精油对桔小实蝇产卵具有一定的驱避作用,不同浓度香茅精油处理芒果上的产卵量均显著低于对照,且随着香茅精油浓度的提高其产卵量逐渐减少,当浓度为10000μg/mL时,产卵驱避率为70.06%。采用气相色谱—质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析了香茅精油的化学成份,结果发现该精油挥发物中含量较高的是3-蒈烯,香茅醛,香叶醇,香茅醇,柠檬烯。     

Screening of T7 phage displayed Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) antenna cDNA library against chemosensory protein

Recent studies have shown that chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were involved in diverse life activities such as insect feeding, development, mating, immune regulation, as well as other important circadian rhythms, etc. To screen the proteins involved in the BdorCSP-related physiological activity, a cDNA library of the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) antenna expressed on the surface of T7 phage was screened against BdorCSP. After four rounds of screening, ELISA-positive samples of selected phages were sequenced and identified as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), trypsin-like serine protease (Ser), TakeOut (TO), and a new protein by GenBank blast, respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the expression levels of Ser, TO, and the new protein were the highest in antenna, sharing similar expression pattern with BdorCSP. These results reveal that these proteins might be involved in the BdorCSP-related physiological or metabolic activities. This work paves a new way for exploring the function of CSPs.     

prima蛋白与马拉硫磷混合后点喷对橘小实蝇防治效果的研究

应用prima蛋白加农药马拉硫磷对橘小实蝇进行防治,每8d点喷一次,共喷5次。试验结果表明：prima蛋白与马拉硫磷混合后点喷对橘小实蝇的诱杀效果显著,保果率达到64．71％左右,卡方检验的结果为P=0．027〈0．05,表明点喷prima蛋白与马拉硫磷的混合溶液对柚子的保果效果显著。     

橘小实蝇雌雄成虫生殖系统中可培养细菌的分离鉴定

本研究分离鉴定了来自赣南脐橙基地橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)雌性和雄性成虫生殖系统中的可培养细菌.采用LB培养基分离纯化和菌株16S rRNA基因序列分析相结合的方法,从饲养10 d的橘小实蝇雌雄成虫生殖系统,获得15株具有不同表观特征的细菌,分属变形菌门Proteobacteria、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes、放线菌门Actinobacteria和厚壁菌门Firmicutes.橘小实蝇雌雄成虫生殖系统共同拥有4个相同属,分别是不动杆菌属Acinetobacter、苍白杆菌属Ochrobactrum、金黄杆菌属Chryseobacterium和芽孢杆菌属Bacillus.雌性成虫特有无色杆菌属Achromobacter、剑菌属Ensifer、鞘脂杆菌属Sphingobacterium、微杆菌属Microbacterium和细球菌属Micrococcus;雄性成虫特有假单胞菌属Pseudomonas和拟杆菌属Bacteroides.其中,不动杆菌属菌株数量最多,分别占雌、雄成虫生殖系统菌株数量的35.00％和31.58％,为橘小实蝇生殖系统可培养的优势细菌属.橘小实蝇雌性和雄性成虫生殖系统的内生细菌存在差异,为研究橘小实蝇性别与内生细菌的协同进化提供信息,也为分析内生细菌在橘小实蝇生殖系统中的功能奠定基础.     

不同生境中橘小实蝇种群动态及密度的差异

为揭示不同生境条件对橘小实蝇种群动态及密度的影响,通过设置橘小实蝇诱捕器,对2008-2009年福州地区不同生境条件下的橘小实蝇种群动态进行了监测。结果表明：（1）各寄主的转色成熟期是该果园橘小实蝇发生的高峰期。（2）在瓜果的成熟期,果园内橘小实蝇的种群数量要高于果园周边丛林的种群数量;成熟期过后,果园内部的种群数量小于果园周边丛林。（3）山谷生境橘小实蝇种群数量明显高于山脊生境,沿河生境则要明显高于非沿河生境。（4）城区的橘小实蝇的发生期早于乡村,且发生量要大于乡村。     

云南瑞丽桔小实蝇成虫种群数量变动及其影响因子分析

分别于1997、2000、2003和2004年通过诱蝇谜对云南瑞丽桔小实蝇种群动态进行了全年监测,并就气候因子及寄主植物对该种群变动的影响进行了系统分析.结果表明,桔小实蝇在瑞丽常年发生,当年11月至翌年1月份,桔小实蝇种群处于较低水平,2月份以后种群数量逐渐上升,至6月份形成种群的年增长高峰,此后至10月份种群数量迅速下降.经逐步回归分析表明,月均温、月平均最高温、月平均最低温、月极端最高温、月极端最低温和月雨日数是影响瑞丽桔小实蝇种群月变动的主要气候因子.通径分析和决策系统分析表明,月均温对种群数量变动具有正效应,是直接影响桔小实蝇种群变动的重要指标,月均最低温是影响种群增长的最主要的限制因素,月雨日数对种群动态的综合影响力最大.瑞丽各月平均温度位于桔小实蝇各虫态生长发育温度范围内,但11～翌年1月份的月均最低温低于桔小实蝇的适温范围,对桔小实蝇种群数量有一定抑制作用.2～5月份雨日数逐渐增多,雨量逐渐增大,有利于种群数量增长;7～8月份持续的强降雨过程被认为是桔小实蝇在该时期种群数量下降的主要原因.而瑞丽的多种瓜果成熟期的交替出现保证了桔小实蝇的食物供应.     

Species composition of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on cultivated chrysanthemum (Asteraceae) in Okinawa,southwestern Japan

We investigated the species composition of phytophagous thrips and spider mites on cultivated chrysanthemum in Okinawa, southwestern Japan. Eight thrips species belonging to the genera Frankliniella, Microcephalothrips, Scirtothrips and Thrips were found on chrysanthemum leaves. Among them, Thrips nigropilosus was the predominant species irrespective of season, island or cultivation environment (meshed greenhouse or open field), with its infestation frequency being 89% of the fields in which thrips occurred. This high frequency of occurrence suggests that T. nigropilosus is a major pest of chrysanthemum in Okinawa, even though this species has rarely been regarded as an important pest of chrysanthemum or other crops in any other areas. Thrips palmi was the second most dominant (infestation frequency 36%) and other species were scarce (<14%). Tetranychus urticae (green form) was the only tetranychid species on chrysanthemum in our survey. This lack of diversity among spider mites on chrysanthemum is peculiar considering that eight Tetranychus species have been found on vegetables in the same area. Since T. urticae (green form) has been shown to be resistant to a number of pesticides, severe pesticide applications might have simplified the spider mite fauna on chrysanthemum in Okinawa.     

基于CLIMEX的桔小实蝇在中国适生区的预测

桔小实蝇Bactroceradorsalis(Hendel),属双翅目Diptera,果实蝇科Tetriphitidae,主要分布在热带和亚热带地区。温度和湿度是影响桔小实蝇分布的重要气候因子。根据桔小实蝇对温湿度等气候因子的反应,采用CLIMEX软件对桔小实蝇在中国大陆的适生区进行了预测。设置了CLIMEX中的相应参数17个:发育起点温度DV0、生长最适宜温度范围DV1～DV2、致死高温DV3、有效发育积温PDD。生长发育所需最低土壤湿度临界SM0、最适宜湿度范围SM1～SM2、最高土壤湿度临界SM3。冷胁迫日度临界DTCS及其积累速率DHCS,热胁迫临界温度TTHS及其积累速率THHS,干旱胁迫临界SMDS及其积累速率HDS,湿胁迫SMWS及其积累速率HWS。以印度和夏威夷为已知适生分布区,反复调试修正上述这些参数值,使之与已知广泛分布的地区达到最大程度的吻合。然后用优化后的参数和中国大陆85个气象站点的气象资料模拟桔小实蝇在中国大陆的适生分布,结果显示:广东、海南、香港、广西、四川、云南、湖南、湖北、福建、江西、浙江等11个省(区)是桔小实蝇的适生分布区。主要分布在我国的华南和西南大部分地区,以及华中和华东的部分地区。根据CLIMEX模拟结果的EI值大小,将桔小实蝇在我国大陆的适生分布情况进一步划分为最适宜、次适宜、适宜和非适宜4个气候区,即华南地区全部以及广西省全境是桔小实蝇的最适宜分布区,除桂林(EI=17)外,其余气象点的EI值均大于40;西南地区的四川、云南两省及福建沿海地区是桔小实蝇的次适宜分布区,平均EI值为29.7;适宜分布区包括湖南、湖北、江西、浙江的少数地区,除赣州(EI=17)外,其余点的EI值均小于10;长江以北的广大地区是桔小实蝇的非适宜区,这些地区不适合桔小实蝇生存。     

Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers from the Oriental Fruit Fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)

Six polymorphic microsatellite loci are isolated from the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), an agricultural pest in Asia, including Taiwan. To assess their potential utility as high‐resolution genetic markers, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers, amplification conditions, and an automated fluorescence detection protocol were developed. In analyses of 71 individual flies from six different areas of Taiwan, allele numbers ranged from five to 25 were detected for each locus. The observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.268 and 0.737 among these loci. No linkage disequilibrium was found. These microsatellite markers have potential utility to population structure and gene flow studies of B. dorsalis (Hendel).