不同水平磷对磷饥饿墨兰生长发育及某些生理特性的影响

将磷饥饿的墨兰无土栽培在5个NaH_2PO_4水平的营养液中,结果表明:0.20mmol/L NaH_2PO_4有利于叶芽生长;当叶片张开后,1mmol/NaH_2PO_4促进光合作用和呼吸作用,叶片生长较快,褐斑病病斑较少,每株花数增多.     

不同水平磷对磷饥饿墨兰某些生化特性的影响

本文研究不同水平磷对磷饥饿墨兰［Ｃｙｍｂｉｄｉｕｍｓｉｎｅｎｓｅ（Ａｎｄｒ．）Ｗｉｌｌｄ］植株某些生化特性的影响．随着ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４浓度的增高,植株中的无机磷酸、磷脂酸、肌醇六磷酸、磷酸已糖、高能磷酸化合物和核酸等的含量都有不同程度的提高,其中以肌醇六磷酸提高最显著．酸性磷酸酯酶活性与磷浓度呈负相关．０．２０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＨ２ＰＯ４可能基本满足墨兰植株生长的要求．缺磷时叶片的蛋白质、无机磷酸和可溶性糖的含量较低,而游离氨基酸和淀粉的含量较高．因此,缺磷条件下生长的植株矮小的原因,可能主要是缺乏蛋白质。     

不同钾水平对钾饥饿墨兰生长发育和生理的影响

墨兰钾饥饿两个月后,培养在低于１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的不同钾水平的营养液中．以比较各处理植株的生长发育、抗病和生理反应．结果表明：在正常生长状态下,墨兰体内钾含量高于氮和磷．Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ三者比例为６：１：９,因此栽培墨兰要重视钾肥．墨兰在缺钾（０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）或低钾（０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）条件下生长不良、花数少,叶片褐斑病较多;当供给较高钾含量（１、５或１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）时,植株生长良好,光合速率和呼吸速率亦高,根系活力较强,叶片生长快,花数多．褐斑病发病率低．作者认为,５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ钾水平的营养液较适合于墨兰生长发育．     

兰属植物光合途径的研究

本文对兰属（Cymbidium）植物的七个种中的10个栽培种的光合途径进行了生理生化研究。结果表明,这些兰属植物叶片的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPCase）和丙酮酸磷酸双激酶（PPDK）的活性很低,乙醇酸氧化酶的活性较高。在光下用α-羟基吡啶甲烷磺酸（α－HPMS）处理叶片后,乙醇酸积累量明显高于对照。叶绿素a／b比值在1．24—2．69之间。光合速率最低为0.96—3.33μmlCO2m-2S-1。这些结果表明所研究的几种兰属植物均为C3植物。     

Influence of some plant growth regulators on the growth and organogenesis ofCymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. seed-derived rhizomesin vitro

Summary An efficient procedure is outlined forin vitro regeneration of an epiphytic orchid,Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. using rhizomes developed from seeds. Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium (MS) containing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) stimulated growth and proliferation of rhizomes with NAA being most effective at 5.0 mg.l⁻¹ (27.0 μM). Shoot bud differentiation was induced in the apical portions of the rhizomes on MS medium containing kinetin (Kn) or N⁶-benzyladenine (BA). The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (91.5%) and the maximum number of shoot buds formed (3.5 shoots/rhizome) were recorded with BA at 1.0 mg.l⁻¹ (4.4 μM). NAA (0.1 mg.l⁻¹, 0.54 μM), whenever added to the medium in conjunction with BA (1.0 mg.l⁻¹, 4.4 μM), slightly enhanced the frequency of shoot bud regeneration (92.6%) and the number of shoot buds formed (5.2 shoots/rhizome). Moreover, an NAA-BA combination induced rooting in regenerated shoots thereby producing complete plantlets in one step. Shoots developed on cytokinin-supplemented medium were rooted on MS containing NAA at 1.0 mg.l⁻¹ (5.4 μM). Regenerated plantlets were acclimated and eventually established in a garden.     

Identification of Fusarium proliferatum causing leaf spots on Cymbidium orchids in Taiwan

Previous research indicated that black and yellow leaf spots on Cymbidium, Ondontioda, Dendrobium and Cattleya could be caused by Fusarium proliferatum worldwide. However, the agent causing leaf spot on Cymbidium spp. plants is still obscure in Taiwan. Thirty‐five F. fujikuroi species complex (FFSC)‐like isolates were collected from Cymbidium leaf spot from different greenhouses in Taiwan. All isolates were identified as F. proliferatum based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. Sequence of translation elongation factor 1‐alpha gene showed 99%–100% homology with F. proliferatum. In addition, two assay techniques using either detached leaves or seedlings were used to evaluate the pathogenicity and host range of the isolates and consequently their effects on Cymbidium and other orchid plants. Pathogenicity assays revealed that all isolates induced black and necrotic spots on detached leaves of Cymbidium, showing 9.4%–29.5% severity on seedlings of Cymbidium. Results of host specificity tests on detached leaves of different plants indicated that the F. proliferatum isolates collected from Cymbidium plants caused severe black spots on Oncidium, Cymbidium, Dendrobium and Cattleya plants. The symptoms on Phalaenopsis plants were relatively mild. Results of host specificity tests on plant seedlings indicated that the F. proliferatum isolates of Cymbidium origin were also pathogenic to Oncidium, Cymbidium and Dendrobium, but not to Cattleya and Phalaenopsis. Phylogenetic analysis of the translation elongation factor (TEF) gene among all fungal isolates using maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods revealed that the isolates of F. proliferatum from Cymbidium spp. could be separated from other FFSC‐like species with high phylogenetic support.     

La^3＋对墨兰根状茎生长的调节作用

La~(3 )具有调节细胞膜透性,抑制糖和色素外渗、促进根对磷的吸收、促进根的发育等生理功能,但对其在植物生长和激素水平上调节作用的研究尚未见报道。本文以墨兰根状茎为材料,探讨了     

中国兰花(Chinese Cymbidium)部分品种的叶片同工酶分析

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和淀粉胶凝胶电泳,对中国兰花的分属于六个种一个变种二十个品种的叶片过氧化物酶、酯酶、酸性磷酸酯酸、多酚氧化酶的同工酶进行了分析,共获得98条酶带,其中的95条具多态性。各个种的品种之间,有基本相似的特征酶谱。而各种间的酶谱差异较大。四种同功酶的聚类分析结果与传统分类学的划分比较接近,为中国兰花品种的鉴定和分类提供了生物化学依据。     

紫外光照射对兰花原球茎增殖、分化和超微结构的影响

本文研究结果表明：紫外光照射１小时有利于兰花原球茎的增殖,照射０．５小时有利于原球茎的分化。较高剂量的紫外光照射可导致细胞核的变形、皱缩、线粒体液泡化。在一定照射剂量条件下,紫外光照射可提高细胞无丝分裂颜率。