桂西南石漠化山区灌草丛对青冈和蒜头果直播造林的影响

为探讨石漠化山区立地类型对青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)和蒜头果(Malania oleifera)直播造林的影响及其机理,本研究采取小区播种试验方法,并监测这2个树种在石漠化山区3种立地类型(灌丛、草丛和裸地)中种子萌发、幼苗存活与生长量情况,以及各立地类型中枯落物储量和小气候环境因子特征。结果显示,灌丛和草丛中枯落物储量分别为(182.55±47.94)g/m2和(99.88±35.76)g/m2;灌丛和草丛距离地面150cm处的光照强度和气温显著低于裸地、空气湿度显著高于裸地,且距离地面越近效果越明显;灌丛和草丛地下5cm处的土壤温度显著低于裸地;青冈种子萌发率、幼苗保存率和幼苗生长量在3种立地类型间差异不显著(P0.05);蒜头果种子萌发率在裸地和灌丛间差异显著(P=0.014),一年生幼苗株高生长量在裸地和灌丛之间、草丛和灌丛之间差异显著(P=0.011和P=0.041),幼苗基径生长量在裸地和灌丛之间差异显著(P=0.043),在草丛和灌丛之间差异极显著(P=0.003)。本实验结果表明,在桂西南石漠化山区灌、草丛的保育作用下,蒜头果种子发芽率较高,幼苗生长较快,可选择种子直播方式造林;而青冈因一年生幼苗越冬后死亡率很高,需要改进幼苗抚育措施或改变造林方式,才能取得较理想的效果。     

白毛新木姜子[Neolitsea aurata var. glauca]胚胎学研究

应用光学显微镜对白毛新木姜子的胚胎学特征进行了研究,首次在非寄生性樟科植物中发现了细胞型胚乳。对樟科8属进行了胚胎学特征的比较。花药四室,药室壁的发育属于“基本型”,周原质团型绒毡层。小孢子母细胞连续型分裂。等四面体型四分体。二细胞成熟花粉,无孔沟。雌孢原多个,一般仅一个能继续发育。蓼型胚囊。助细胞具丝状器。反足细胞宿存。大孢子母细胞和合子具极性。宿存的一个助细胞具有吸器功能。细胞型胚乳,胚胎发育属于柳叶菜型的三叶变型。种皮源于外珠被,内表皮细胞壁螺旋状加厚。胚胎学特征表明,新木姜子属与木姜子属有密切的亲缘关系。较多的双胚囊异常现象,支持樟科与Monimiaceae具有紧密关系的推测。胚胎学特征不支持将无根藤属独立为科的观点。     

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from suspension cultures of Picea glauca (White spruce)

Hakman, I. and von Arnold, S. 1988. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from suspension cultures of Picea glauca (White spruce). - Physiol. Plant. 72: 579–587.
Plantlets were regenerated from long-term embryogenic cultures of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss. (White spruce). Embryogenic calli, initiated from immature zygotic embryos and maintained by monthly subculture for 16 months, were used to establish suspension cultures. Small somatic embryos were continuously produced in liquid culture medium containing auxin and cytokinin and the cultures showed a sustained regeneration capacity for >6 months. Somatic embryos propagated in the suspension cultures developed further into embryos bearing cotyledons, about 1 month after transfer to solidified medium containing abscisic acid. Electron microscopic examination revealed that storage nutrients, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, accumulated in the somatic embryos during this treatment with abscisic acid (ABA). Upon subculture to medium lacking plant growth regulators such embryos could develop into small green plantlets.     

碱蓬对不同盐度富营养化模拟海水的净化效应及其生长特性

研究了碱蓬﹝Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge﹞对不同盐度(质量浓度8、16和24 g·L-1NaCl)富营养化模拟海水中总氮( TN)和总磷( TP)的净化效果,并对碱蓬生长及其不同部位TN和TP的含量和积累量进行了研究。结果表明：碱蓬在质量浓度8、16和24 g·L-1 NaCl富营养化模拟海水中均生长良好。随处理时间的延长,种植碱蓬后不同盐度富营养化模拟海水中TN和TP浓度均逐渐降低,TN和TP去除率均逐渐升高,其中在质量浓度16 g·L-1 NaCl富营养化模拟海水中TN和TP去除率最高。处理25 d,在质量浓度16 g·L-1 NaCl富营养化模拟海水中碱蓬单株鲜质量、单株干质量和株高的增量以及平均须根长均最大,单株总干质量最高,均显著高于其他2个处理组;质量浓度16 g·L-1 NaCl富营养化模拟海水中碱蓬单株叶、茎和根中的TN和TP积累量明显高于其他2个处理组,而单株种子中的TN和TP积累量则随着NaCl质量浓度提高而降低。研究结果显示：作为在滨海盐渍化土壤中生长的一年生优势物种,碱蓬可以有效地对有一定盐度的富营养化水体进行生物修复,具有对滩涂养殖废水进行生物改良和修复的潜力。     

Bridging implementation gaps to connect large ecological datasets and complex models

Merging robust statistical methods with complex simulation models is a frontier for improving ecological inference and forecasting. However, bringing these tools together is not always straightforward. Matching data with model output, determining starting conditions, and addressing high dimensionality are some of the complexities that arise when attempting to incorporate ecological field data with mechanistic models directly using sophisticated statistical methods. To illustrate these complexities and pragmatic paths forward, we present an analysis using tree‐ring basal area reconstructions in Denali National Park (DNPP) to constrain successional trajectories of two spruce species (Picea mariana and Picea glauca) simulated by a forest gap model, University of Virginia Forest Model Enhanced—UVAFME. Through this process, we provide preliminary ecological inference about the long‐term competitive dynamics between slow‐growing P. mariana and relatively faster‐growing P. glauca. Incorporating tree‐ring data into UVAFME allowed us to estimate a bias correction for stand age with improved parameter estimates. We found that higher parameter values for P. mariana minimum growth under stress and P. glauca maximum growth rate were key to improving simulations of coexistence, agreeing with recent research that faster‐growing P. glauca may outcompete P. mariana under climate change scenarios. The implementation challenges we highlight are a crucial part of the conversation for how to bring models together with data to improve ecological inference and forecasting.     

狗脊和里白植株浸出液化感作用的研究

蕨类植物狗脊和里白是浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林下草本层中的优势种类,在群落中具有较强的竞争能力和对某些植物的排斥作用。狗脊和里白植株浸出液对木荷、石栎、马尾松、青椆、苦槠、茅栗、檫木、油茶、被木、连蕊茶等10种供试植物的种子发芽、幼芽伸长生长和幼苗生长有不同程度的影响：狗脊浸出液对木荷、石栎、青椆、苦槠、棍木、连蕊茶的种子发芽无显著的影响,对茅栗、檫木、油茶的种子发芽和幼苗生长具有显著的抑制作用,对马尾松的种子发芽虽有抑制作用,但随着幼苗的生长进程而减弱至消失,对木荷的幼苗生长则略有促进作用。里白浸出液对大多数供试植物的种子发芽和幼苗生长均有抑制作用。这两种蕨类浸出液中的主要作用物质是烯醇类物质。     

Pollen Morphology of Cyclobalanopsis and Its Relation to Quercus

The present paper deals with pollen morphology of 19 species belonging to Cyclobalanopsis and of 31 species belonging to Quercus from China. All pollen grains were examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope, and those of 4 species of Cyclobalanopsis and of 8 species of Quercus were examined under transmission electron microscope. Pollen grains of Cyclobalanopsis are spheroidal or subspheroidal, 25.2(18.9-31.5) ×23.1 (16.8-27.3) μm in size. Mostly 3-colporoidate, rarely 3-colpate or 3-colporate. The exine is 2-layered, 1.1-1.9 μm thick, sexine thicker than nexine, finely granulate under LM, granulate, spinulate, verrucate under SEM. Pollen grains of Cyclobalanopsis and of evergreen members of Quercus are very similar to each other in size, aperture and ornamentation of exine, but there are some differences in pollen grains between Cyclobalanopsis and deciduous members of Quercus. Therefore, Pollenmorphology supports the treatment of Cyclobalanopsis as a subgenus of Querc     

黄山青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)个体繁殖贡献率

结合Ｓｃｈｏｅｎ ＆ Ｓｔｅｗａｒｔ和Ｒｏｅｄｅｒ等的方法构建了一个根据幼苗中配子的频率计算种群内各个体繁殖贡献率的模型。并对黄山一青冈种群内个体繁殖贡献率进行了计算。结果表明,该种群中幼苗的观察频率与期望频率存在显著的差异。成体的经存在较大的差异,３个个体的繁殖率为０,对幼苗率最大的达１０．８９％,种群外个体对幼苗的贡献率也较大,为１８．４２％。     

中国东部亚热带青冈果实形态变异的研究

青冈为我国亚热带地我广泛分布,并具有较强耐寒和耐瘠薄能力的少数几个常绿树种之一,以果实长度,宽度和体积作为果实大小的指标,宽／长作为果实形状的指标,对采自东部亚热带的１０个青冈和群果实形态进行了比较分析,结果如下：（１）青冈果实的大小和形状在种群间,种群内均存在着显著差异,变异幅度最大的是果实的体积（种群间的变异幅度ＣＶ１为５７．１％,种群间平均单粒果实体积的最大差异为３．５倍）其次为宽度（２１．     

青冈常绿阔叶林主要植物种叶片的光合特性及其群落学意义

 青冈(Quercus glauca)林乔木层主要树种叶片的净光合速率日进程在春夏季晴天均有明显午休。常绿树种的光合速率在秋季最高,大量换叶期最低,冬季仍有一定的净光合量。落叶树种的光合速率和光合产量低于常绿树种,随着群落的发育其地位将降低。青冈和石栎(Lithocarpus glaber)的光合速率接近,但青冈能够利用较弱的光,因而其高叶量的树冠具有较高的光合总量,以保持其在群落中的优势种地位;石栎主要利用较强的光,其较低叶量的树冠可以维持较高的光合总量,以保证其次优势种地位。灌木、草本层种类光合日进程均为单峰型。灌木种类对光的需求较高。蕨类植物耐荫强,因而在林中能占有稳定的伴生地位。