Protective effects of Curcuma longa on ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardial injuries and their mechanisms

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) in the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model of myocardial infarction (MI). Wistar rats were divided into three groups and received saline orally (sham, control I/R group) and Curcuma longa 100 mg/kg (CL-100 treated group) respectively for one month. On the 31st day, rats of the control I/R and Cl treated groups were subjected to 45 min of occlusion of the LAD coronary artery and were thereafter reperfused for 1 h. I/R resulted in significant cardiac necrosis, depression in left ventricular function, decline in antioxidant status and elevation in lipid perodixation in the control I/R group as compared to sham control. Myocardial infarction produced after I/R was significantly reduced in the Cl treated group. Cl treatment resulted in restoration of the myocardial antioxidant status and altered hemodynamic parameters as compared to control I/R. Furthermore, I/R-induced lipid peroxidation was significantly inhibited by Cl treatment. The beneficial cardioprotective effects also translated into the functional recovery of the heart. Cardioprotective effect of Cl likely results from the suppression of oxidative stress and correlates with the improved ventricular function. Histopathological examination further confirmed the protective effects of Cl on the heart.     

莪术抗真菌主要有效成分对甲氧基桂皮酸乙酯的合成

作者在本文报道用茴香醛为起始原料合成对甲氧基桂应酸乙酯的方法,合成品经IR、UV、MS被确证。     

Selection of turmeric callus tolerant to culture filtrate of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pythium Graminicolum</Emphasis> and regeneration of plants

Root rot disease tolerant clones of turmeric variety Suguna of Curcuma longa L. were isolated using continuous in vitro selection technique against pure culture filtrate of Pythium graminicolum. Large amount of profuse, compact, creamish white callus was obtained from in vivo vegetative bud when cultured on LSBM fortified with 2,4-D (3 mg l⁻¹) after 45 days of culture. Callus was challenged with pure culture filtrate of P. graminicolum to isolate viable callus within 30 days of culture, which was further subjected to pure culture filtrate treatment. After three cycles of treatment, four cell lines which are tolerant to culture filtrate was isolated through continuous in vitro selection and subcultured on regeneration medium LSBM fortified with BAP (4 mg l⁻¹) along with the control non-selected callus to obtain complete plantlets through discontinuous in vitro selection technique. Plants regenerated from tolerant and non-selected calli were screened for disease tolerance by adopting in vitro sick plot technique. The data obtained from this experiment revealed a ratio of 225:49 tolerant: susceptible in vitro clones retrieved from tolerant callus. However, plants regenerated from the CL1a₁ and non-selected calli were susceptible under in vitro sick plot technique. The root rot disease tolerant clones were hardened and established in soil with 90% survival frequency.     

中药郁金挥发油成分及挥发油中蜡质成分研究

对中药郁金挥发油成分进行ＧＣ－ＭＳ－ＤＳ分析,共分离得到１３７个气相色谱峰,鉴定出７３种成分,其中３６种为首次鉴定出。首次,作者对其挥发油中蜡质成分进行分离,经ＧＣ－ＭＳ－ＤＳ分析得其主要成分为长直链烷烃和长直链脂肪酸。     

Suppression of Inflammatory Cytokine Production by ar‐Turmerone Isolated from Curcuma phaeocaulis

Rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton (Zingiberaceae) have traditionally been used for controlling inflammatory conditions. Numerous studies have aimed to isolate and characterize the bioactive constituents of C. phaeocaulis. It has been reported that its anti‐inflammatory properties are a result of cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibition; however, its effect on the T‐cell function remains to be elucidated. In this study, four known sesquiterpenoids, viz., ar‐turmerone (TM), germacrone (GM), (+)‐(4S,5S)‐germacrone‐4,5‐epoxide (GE), and curzerenone (CZ), were isolated from C. phaeocaulis rhizomes and evaluated for their effects on the CD4⁺ T‐cell function. While GM, GE, and CZ had no effect on the activation of splenic T cells or CD4⁺ T cells, TM suppressed the interferon (IFN)‐γ production, without affecting the interleukin (IL)‐4 expression. TM also decreased the expression of IL‐2 in CD4⁺ T cells, but did not change their cell‐division rates upon stimulation. These results suggest that TM, a major constituent of C. phaeocaulis rhizomes selectively exerts potent anti‐inflammatory effects via suppression of the inflammatory cytokines IFN‐γ and IL‐2.     

Curcumin inhibits TNFα-induced lectin-like oxidised LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression and suppresses the inflammatory response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by an antioxidant mechanism

In this study, the anti-oxidative activities of 70% ethanol extract from Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (CAS) and curcumin (CUR) were studied. The CAS extracts and CUR were both found to have a potent scavenging activity against the reactive species tested, as well as an inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), expression of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), lectin-like oxidised LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), adhesion molecules, inhibitory kappa Bα (IκBα) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) were measured. In HUVECs stimulated with TNFα, CUR significantly suppressed expression of the intracellular ROS, LOX-1 and adhesion molecules, degradation of IκBα and translocation of NFκB, while inducing production of NO by phosphorylation of eNOS (p <0.05). In conclusion, CAS and CUR may modulate lipoprotein composition and attenuate oxidative stress by elevated antioxidant processes.     

Diarylheptanoids from Curcuma kwangsiensis and their inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages

Eleven diarylheptanoids (1-11) were isolated from rhizomes of Curcuma kwangsiensis, together with seven known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, circular dichroism (CD), and accurate mass measurements. Inhibitory effects of the isolated compounds on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccaride-activated macrophages were evaluated. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed strong inhibitory activity on NO production with IC(50) values of 3.13, 2.81 and 2.41 μM, respectively.     

Characterization of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the Curcuma longa expressed sequence tag database

Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signal transduction modules that play crucial role in plant growth and development as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. 20 and 17 MAPKs have been characterized in Arabidopsis and rice respectively, which are used for identification of the putative MAPKs in other higher plants. However, no MAPK gene sequences have yet been characterized for asexually reproducing plants. We describe the analysis of MAPK EST sequences from Curcuma longa (an asexually reproducible plant of great medicinal and economic significance). The four Curcuma MAPKs contains all 11 MAPK conserved domains and phosphorylation-activation motif, TEY. Phylogenetic analysis grouped them in the subgroup A and C as identified earlier for Arabidopsis. The Curcuma MAPKs identified showed high sequence homology to rice OsMPK3, OsMPK4 and OsMPK5 suggesting the presence of similar key element in signaling biotic and abiotic stress responses. Although further in vivo and in vitro analysis are required to establish the physiological role of Curcuma MAPKs, this study provides the base for future research on diverse signaling pathways mediated by MAPKs in Curcuma longa as well as other asexually reproducing plants.     

索氏法提取姜黄挥发油及其成分的研究

本文以广西那坡县种植的姜黄为原料,分别以沸点为30-60℃,60-90℃的石油醚以及石油醚与乙醚的混合物作为溶剂,采用索氏提取法提取挥发油,并采用GC-MS分析法研究了这几种姜黄挥发油的主要成分,比较了不同的加工办法对挥发油的加工得率、主要成分、含量的影响。研究表明：用索氏提取法提取的广西姜黄挥发油其得率在7％以上,主要成分为：α-姜黄烯、（-）-姜烯、β-倍半水芹烯、芳姜黄酮、β-姜黄酮、α-姜黄酮、β-没药烯。     

温郁金内生拮抗细菌B-11的分离及其抑菌活性

【背景】植物内生菌广泛分布在自然界中,具有巨大的潜在开发与应用价值。【目的】对温郁金内生细菌进行分离鉴定,并从中筛选出具有生防潜能的菌株。【方法】采用常规组织分离法对温郁金根茎内生细菌进行分离并利用16S rRNA基因序列分析进行初步鉴定;采用平板对峙法以铁皮石斛炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)为供试菌株对温郁金内生细菌进行拮抗菌的筛选;通过形态学鉴定、生理生化鉴定以及16S rRNA基因序列分析,确定拮抗菌株B-11的分类地位;以6个不同属的植物病原真菌为供试菌株对拮抗菌株B-11的抑菌谱进行测定,并研究其对病原菌菌丝的影响;利用特异性平板和MALDI-TOF-MS检测技术对拮抗菌株B-11产生的抑菌物质进行检测;采用离体叶片接种法研究拮抗菌株B-11对铁皮石斛炭疽病菌的防治效果。【结果】从温郁金根茎中分离得到25株内生细菌菌株,这些细菌菌株分属于12个属,其中芽孢杆菌属为优势菌属,占分离菌株的28%;通过初筛获得8株对C.gloeosporioides有抑菌活性的菌株,其中菌株B-11的抑菌活性最强,经鉴定该菌为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Baclliusvelezensis);抑菌谱测定发现菌株B-11能够对供试的属于不同属的6种植物病原真菌的菌丝生长具有抑制作用,显微观察发现经对峙培养6 d后这6种病原菌的菌丝体出现畸形膨大、分枝增多等现象;特异性平板检测结果表明拮抗菌株B-11能够产生蛋白酶、β-葡聚糖酶和嗜铁素,但不产生几丁质酶;MALDI-TOF-MS检测结果表明拮抗菌株B-11能够产生伊枯草素、丰源素和表面活性素3种脂肽类抗生素,其中伊枯草素的产量最高;离体叶片接种实验表明,拮抗菌B-11的离心去菌发酵液对铁皮石斛炭疽病的防治效率可达64%。【结论】温郁金根茎含有丰富的内生细菌资源,其内生细菌菌株B-11有潜力作为开发抗真菌代谢物和新药物的重要微生物资源。