饲料硒和维生素E对大鼠机体抗氧化能力的影响

 用克山病病区粮配成基础低硒饲料,补充硒和/或维生素E组成四种不同水平的饲料,饲喂雄性断乳大鼠,观察其对机体抗氧化能力的影响。评价指标是用抗坏血酸诱发的红细胞溶血率、被O~-_2(超氧阴离子)氧化的血红蛋白量和组织中的TBA值。动物饲养13周后,自尾静脉取血,测定溶血率和血红蛋白被氧化的百分率,和全血SeGSHPx(含硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)活力。15周后将动物断头杀死,立即取出心脏和肝脏测定SeGSHPx活力和TBA值。结果表明在克山病病区粮的饲料中补充硒或维生素E,或者二者同时补充均明显提高组织中的SeGSHPx活力和降低组织中的TBA值。不论在硒缺乏时或硒充足时,饲料中补充维生素E显著降低抗坏血酸诱发的红细胞溶血率,对O~-_2氧化血红蛋白无保护作用。在维生素E缺乏时,仅补充硒对溶血无作用。不论饲料中维生素E缺乏或者充足,补充硒对O~-_1氧化血红蛋白均有显著保护作用。     

杂色曲霉在人胃液中体外培养产生杂色曲霉素的研究

本文用正交实验设计法探讨了杂色曲霉(Aspergillus versicolr)在加有两类不同性质营养物的人胃液中产生杂色曲霉素(Sterigmatocystin,简称ST)的条件。发现在26℃斜面静置培养12天后可产生ST。加入半合成物质的最佳配伍是:蔗糖1,000.0mg;蛋白胨50.0mg;KH_2PO_4 7.5mg;MgSO_4·7H_2O_2.5mg;人胃液10.0ml,称之为SPKM人胃液培养基。加入天然物质的最佳配伍是:玉米粉0.5g;豆腐粉0.25g,人胃液10.0ml,称之为CS人胃液培养基。还进一步研究了pH值和培养时间对杂色曲霉产毒菌株在SPKM和CS人胃液培养基中生长及产生ST的影响。根据临床胃酸缺乏程度分级标准,分为pH 1.0,3.0,6.5,8.0四个组。发现在两种人胃液培养基中,无论是杂色曲霉生长,还是产生ST,pH3.0到6.5是发生质变的范围。在两种人胃液培养基pH为6.5时,37℃静置培养8天有痕量ST产生,10天后就明显增加。所以杂色曲霉产生的ST可能是慢性萎缩性胃炎易癌变的原因之一。     

Body shape and differences between species

The variation of body shape among prosimians is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the selective advantages, that is the mechanical reasons, to which variants of the locomotor apparatus can be traced back. There are differences found in the cheiridia, but at present they cannot be explained in terms of mechanics; there is nearly no knowledge about the mechanical meaning of their diversity. Myological characteristics of taxa can be explained mechanically, but this has not yet been done. Well known are variations of body proportions. These discriminate higher taxa, and are largely coincident with the often-used locomotor categories. In spite of this, there are only few sound arguments about the real biomechanic value of characteristic proportions for a given locomotor mode. What is known on this field, is reviewed. Progress can be made only, if the mechanical conditions, set by postural behavior and locomotion, are understood completely. The subtle distinctions between lower taxonomic units can normally be identified only on the basis of detailed and quantified analyses of movements on one hand, and of biometrics on the other. In the few cases in which such studies have been made, the differences of morphology fit to the mechanical requirements of locomotion which also differ only in quantitative details.     

五种水蛭对不同P^H值的生物效应

本文论述了使用常规试验方法研究5种水蛭:宽身舌蛭(Glossiphonia lata)、八目石蛭(Erpobdella octoculata)、光润金线蛭(Whitmania laevis)、尖细金线蛭(Whitmania acranulata)和日本医蛭(Hirudo nipponia)对12个pH值的24—96小时急性生物效应。结果表明:稻田3个种(尖细金线蛭,光润金线蛭和日本医蛭)均较湖泊近岸2个种(八目石蛭和宽身舌蛭)对pH值的变化要敏感,其中尖细金线蛭最敏感(pH6.0—7.2),八目石蛭的忍耐限度最宽(pH4.0—10.5);当pH值在9.5时,稻田3种水蛭的死亡率在40％以上,其中日本医蛭高达70％;当pH值在3.0时,湖泊近岸2种在24小时内全部死亡,日本医蛭仅死亡10％。日本医蛭是华中农村地区一种主要吸血蛭类,生石灰是一种从稻田消灭蛭类的有效手段,然而水的pH值必须不低于8.6。     

安徽省达到芒属植物资源及其开发利用

安徽省芒属植物有3种量变种:五节芒(Miscanthus floridulus)、芒(M.sinensis var. sinensis)、紫芒(M. sinensis var. purpurascens)和荻(M. saccharifl-orus);其中紫芒为本省地理分布新记录。它们的资源量大;如全省仅连片五节芒草地即达260多万亩,一般亩产鲜草1000—2500公斤。芒属植物是利用价值很高的资源禾草:饲用价值“良等”;保持水土能力强;纤维品质优良,为制浆造纸及编织的上等原料;并可药用。最后,提出了开发利用芒属植物资源的几点建议。     

天祝高寒珠芽蓼草甸群落的热值和营养成分的初步研究

 本文报告了甘肃天祝高寒珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum)草甸群落地上及地下四部分生物量的热值和营养成分动态,并对其放牧利用的价值进行了总的评价。 6—9月现存量的热值平均为18330焦／克干物质,或20279焦／克去灰分物质,较立枯物+凋落物、活根、死根的平均值为大;死根略大于活根。在珠芽蓼及其他大多数植物种子成熟期的8月下旬,现存量的热值最大,其他三部分的热值变化也有其各自的特点。现存量6—9月的平均营养成分以绝对干重计为：粗蛋白13.52%,粗脂肪2.25,粗纤维22.99,无氮浸出物51.88,粗灰分9.61(其中钙1.627,磷0.164);在时间变化上四部分各有其特点。根据地形、植物组成、产量、易食性、适口性、热值和营养成分等综合条件,认为珠芽蓼草甸是良好的放牧地。     

福建武夷山甜槠群落能量的研究

在生物量、生产力研究基础上,对武夷山甜槠（Ｃａｓｔａｎｏｐｓｉｓ ｅｙｒｅｉ（Ｃｈａｍ ｐ．ｅｘ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．） Ｔｕｔｃｈ．）群落各组分的热值、群落能量现存量、能量年净固定量以及太阳能转化效率进行了研究。结果表明：（１）甜槠群落各组分样品的干重热值具有一定的差异,树皮热值最高,细根热值最低。（２）甜槠群落的能量现存量达７８０５８４．１ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２,其中地上部分为６７８９１３．８ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２,占总量的８６．９８％ ;地下部分为１０１６７０．３ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２,占１３．０２％ 。（３）甜槠群落的能量年净固定量（１９９２年）为２６８５６．２ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２·ａ－ １,林地太阳光合有效辐射能的转化效率为１．２９６％ 。     

Biological and physicochemical characterization of recombinant human erythropoietins fractionated by Mono Q column chromatography and their modification with sialytransferase

Ten erythropoietin (EPO) fractions differing in sialic acid content, ranging from 9.5 to 13.8 mol mol^–1 of EPO, were obtained from baby hamster kidney cell-derived recombinant human EPO by Mono Q column chromatography. The mean pI values of the EPO fractions determined by IEF-gel electrophoresis systematically shifted from 4.11 to 3.31, coinciding with the sialic acid content, without a change in the constitution of asialo N-linked oligosaccharides of each fraction. Although a linear relationship between thein vivo bioactivity and the sialic acid content of the fractionated, samples was observed until 12.1 mol mol^–1 of EPO, there was no further increase in their activity over 12.4 mol mol^–1 of EPO. On the other hand, an inverse relationship between thein vitro bioactivity and sialic acid content of EPO was observed. Also, we showed that thein vivo bioactivity of some fractions with low sialic acid contents was increased after treatment with 2,6-sialyltransferase, but thein vivo bioactivity of the other fractions with high sialic acid contents was either decreased or not affected.Abbreviations EPO erythropoietin - rHuEPO recombinant human erythropoietin - hCG human chorionic gonadotropin - BHK baby hamster kidney - CHO Chinese hamster ovary - NeuAc N-acetyl neuraminic acid - Gal galactose - HRCs hemolyser-resistant cells - WST-1 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium Na - IEF isoelectric focusing - pI isoelectric point