Congenital cataracts in a free-ranging rhesus monkey

This report documents the occurrence of congenital cataracts in a visually-impaired yearling rhesus monkey from the same matriline on Cayo Santiago in which a congenitally blind infant was born 2 years previously.     

Endophthalmitis caused by Fusarium: An emerging problem in patients with corneal trauma. A case series

Background

Although fortunately very rare in countries with a temperate climate, certain factors, such as clinical or pharmacological immunosuppression, may cause Fusarium-related fungal infections to become an emerging problem. Moreover, Fusarium is one of the most important etiological agents in exogenous endophthalmitis, which is often favored by the disruption of the epithelial barriers.

微创踝关节融合术治疗老年创伤性踝关节炎中的临床效果及对患者氧化损伤与骨代谢的影响

目的:研究微创踝关节融合术治疗老年创伤性踝关节炎中的临床效果及对患者氧化损伤与骨代谢的影响。方法:收集2014年3月至2015年3月我院收治的94例老年创伤性踝关节炎患者,按随机数表法分为实验组和对照组,每组各45例。两组患者在手术前均进行常规检查,对照组采用常规开放式踝关节融合术,实验组采用微创踝关节融合术。对比两组治疗后血清氧化损伤指标肌红蛋白(MYO)、缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)、总抗氧化能力(TAC)、丙二醛(MDA)水平,骨代谢指标碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、骨钙素(BGP)、降钙素(CT)水平,视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、美国矫形外科足踝协会(AOFAS)评分及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,实验组血清MYO、IMA、MDA水平显著低于对照组[(20.48±2.59)ng/mL vs.(27.07±2.97)ng/m L,(65.68±8.20)U/L vs.(74.27±9.01)U/L,(5.01±1.03)nmol/L vs.(9.64±2.17)nmol/L](P0.05),血清TAC水平显著高于对照组[(11.40±2.50)kU/L vs.(7.36±1.03)kU/L](P0.05);血清ALP、BGP、CT水平均显著高于对照组[(103.28±12.47)U/L vs.(90.53±10.02)U/L,(11.08±1.42)ng/L vs.(8.01±1.23)ng/L,(61.39±5.87)ng/L vs.(50.28±4.92)ng/L](P0.05),ACP、PTH水平均显著低于对照组[(5.21±0.60)U/L vs.(8.03±0.92)U/L,(42.95±5.38)ng/L vs.(60.49±6.92)ng/L](P0.05);VAS评分显著低于对照组[(1.06±0.23)分vs.(3.79±0.67)分](P0.05),AOFAS评分显著高于对照组[(73.02±6.28)分vs.(65.58±5.13)分](P0.05);不良反应总发生率显著低于对照组[6.66%(3/45) vs. 20.41%(10/49)](P0.05)。结论:微创踝关节融合术可调节老年创伤性踝关节炎患者的骨代谢,增强骨密度,减少术后不良反应,有利于改善患者预后。     

骨骼肌急性钝挫伤修复过程中自噬相关因子的表达变化

目的：本研究通过观察SD大鼠骨骼肌急性钝挫伤修复过程中自噬相关因子的表达变化,探讨骨骼肌损伤修复可能的生物学机制。方法：30只SD雄性大鼠,随机选取6只作为对照组,其余24只用打击器打击后建立腓肠肌急性钝挫伤模型,然后随机分为4组（n=6）,各组分别在造模前及造模后3 d、5 d、7 d、14 d取材,HE染色观察损伤部位腓肠肌形态学变化,透射电镜观察损伤部位腓肠肌超微结构变化,Western blot检测腓肠肌自噬相关蛋白1轻链3-Ⅱ（LC3-Ⅱ）、泛素结合蛋白P62表达水平,RT-PCR检测腓肠肌自噬相关基因（atg） atg7、atg10、atg12、atg16L1 mRNA表达水平。结果：HE染色显示：与对照组相比,骨骼肌损伤后5 d炎细胞浸润达到高峰,7 d可见明显的新生肌细胞,14 d损伤已初步愈合。电镜观察显示：与对照组相比,损伤后3 d,5 d,7 d线粒体肿胀明显、空泡化增多,Z线从消失到飘移增粗,肌质网扩张程度逐渐好转,14 d接近对照组水平。Western blot显示：骨骼肌损伤在自然恢复3 d、5 d、7 d、14 d过程中,LC3-Ⅱ与P62总体呈现先升高后降低的趋势,其中3 d、5 d、7 d组LC3-Ⅱ表达较对照组与14 d组明显升高（P<0.01）,同样损伤后第3天P62表达达到高峰（P<0.01）,14 d恢复至正常水平。RTPCR显示：骨骼肌损伤自然恢复3 d、5 d、7 d、14 d过程中,atg10 mRNA表达呈现先降低后升高的趋势,其中3 d、5 d、7 d组atg10 mRNA表达较对照组与14 d组明显降低（P<0.01）;atg7、atg12、atg16L1 mRNA表达总体呈现先升高后降低的趋势,其中3 d、5 d、7 d组表达较对照组与14 d组显著升高（P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论：骨骼肌急性钝挫伤后,自噬相关因子表达随损伤的修复而呈现规律性变化,提示自噬参与骨骼肌损伤的修复,推测骨骼肌急性钝挫伤的修复速度可能与细胞自噬水平有关。     

The Expression of Nerve Growth Factor Receptor on Schwann Cells and the Effect of These Cells on Regeneration of Axons in Traumatically Injured Human Spinal Cord

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Redox Changes in Perfusates Following Intracerebral Penetration of Microdialysis Probes

Microdialysis probe insertion into rat cerebral cortex significantly affects the levels of redox-active substances in brain extracellular fluid. Ascorbic acid levels are high immediately after probe insertion, decline rapidly, and then rise as the rat recovers from anesthesia 5–8 hours after surgery. Uric acid is at a low level for 5 hours and then rapidly increases in parallel with ascorbic acid. High ascorbic acid levels immediately after probe insertion are likely due to a shift from intracellular to extracellular fluids, whereas the delayed increase in uric acid may be due to increased enzymatic formation. After removal from the brain, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in microdialysis samples produces catalase-sensitive oxidative chemiluminescence. Microdialysis samples also produce high level catalase-resistant chemiluminescence associated with ascorbic acid levels after penetration injury. Although ascorbic acid is likely an antioxidant at concentrations estimated to be in brain extracellular fluid, it may have prooxidant effects when complexed with transition metals released into the neuronal microenvironment during traumatic brain injury.     

Trauma, dreaming, and psychological distress among Kurdish children.

The authors examined (a) how traumatic events are associated with children's dream structure and content and (b) which dream characteristics might moderate the negative impact of traumatic events on mental health. Participants were 122 Kurdish children (9-17 years old, M = 13.02, SD = 1.66). Their dreams were collected during 1 week using a semistructured dream diary and scored according to the dream atmosphere, the role of the dreamer, bizarreness, narrative quality, fragmentation and resolution, and content such as themes of death, persecution and rejection, hostility, and anxiety. The results substantiated the hypothesis that children exposed to a high level of traumatic events would report dreams characterized by unpleasant atmosphere, fragmented flow, and low levels of bizarre narrative quality. Pleasant dreams containing complete narratives and happy endings moderated the negative impact of traumatic events on children's mental health. The authors argue that dreaming allows cognitive-emotional processing of traumatic events and may thus enhance child well-being in war conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

外伤性视神经病变最新治疗进展

外伤性视神经病(TON)最常见的原因是颅脑外伤,虽然其发病率不高,但是视力受损后果严重,特别是双侧视神经受损,大部分患者为青壮年,儿童患者占20%。其发病机制到目前为止仍未完全阐明,不同的医疗机构诊断和治疗不完全相同,临床疗效也千差万别。本文通过查阅近年最新文献,对外伤性视神经病变的最新研究进展从视神经解剖、发病机制、诊断、治疗(保守、手术)等方面分别进行综述。希望能够明确其发病机制,找到疗效确切的临床诊断和治疗方法。     

Behavioral strategies for the reduction of pain and anxiety associated with orthopedic trauma

This study examined the efficacy of behavioral strategies in alleviating pain and anxiety associated with severe orthopedic trauma. Sixty-four patients with multiple fractures were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) attention only, (3) EMG biofeedback-assisted relaxation, and (4) audiotaped relaxation training. All were measured over at least six sessions, or as long as hospital stay permitted. Significant between group differences were found on the following: systolic blood pressure, pheripheral temperature, subjective units of discomfort, state anxiety, with a trend for use of sleep medications. No differences were found on other vital signs, EMG recordings, or other medications. EMG-biofeedback relaxation and relaxation training were relatively equivalent for all measures, and little or no change was observed for those patients who received attention only or served as controls.