患者参与在临床护理中的研究现状与启示

介绍了患者参与在临床护理工作中的研究现状,即综述了患者参与在护理人员对患者参与的认知、护理技术操作考核、临床患者身份核对、术后护理及用药安全等方面的研究现状,并进一步评价患者参与的方式、内容及效果评价指标,进而提出促进患者参与时的注意事项,以期为临床应用提供理论参考。     

综合护理模式对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的影响

目的探讨综合护理模式对无创呼吸机治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法选取2013年1月~2016年1月我院收治行无创呼吸机治疗的AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者120例,随机分为对照组和实验组各60例,对照组采用常规护理模式,实验组在常规护理模式的基础上给予综合护理干预,分别采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者护理前后进行评分,分析护理前后两组患者血气分析指标、SAS评分、SDS评分及护理满意度情况。结果护理前,两组患者的动脉血气分析指标(PO2、PCO2、pH)、SAS评分、SDS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。护理后,两组患者动脉血气分析指标(PO2、PCO2、pH)均有改善,实验组的各项指标改善程度显著优于对照组,SAS评分和SDS评分均低于对照组,患者满意度(96.7%)显著高于对照组(78.3%),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论综合护理可显著提高无创呼吸机治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效,有效缓解其焦虑及抑郁情绪,提高患者护理满意度。     

骨科保护支架在胫腓骨骨折患者术后护理中的应用效果

目的:探讨骨科保护支架在胫腓骨骨折患者术后护理中的应用效果。方法:选择30例胫腓骨骨折术后患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各15例,对照组在术后用软枕抬高下肢,观察组在术后采用自制的骨科保护支架抬高下肢。比较两组肿胀程度与疼痛评分、关节功能、并发症、满意度。结果:肿胀程度与疼痛程度:术后2周时,观察组患肢肿胀消退时间、VAS评分明显低于对照组,Ⅰ度肿胀、轻度疼痛明显高于对照组(t/x2=6.587~16.861,P0.05);关节功能:术后2周时,观察组Lyaholm评分、关节活动度(Range of motion,ROM)、舒适度均明显高于对照组(t=5.155~15.676,P0.05);并发症:观察组并发症(6.67%)显著低于对照组(20.00%)(x2=7.988,P0.05);满意度:观察组满意度93.33%明显高于对照组73.33%(x2=6.975,P0.05)。结论:骨科保护支架能早期消除患肢肿胀,减轻疼痛程度,改善关节功能,提高患者满意度。     

持续缓慢静脉输注三氧化二砷治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病的临床护理效应

目的:观察持续缓慢输注三氧化二砷(As_2O_3)治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)病人的临床护理效应。方法:对196例急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者(APL)给予持续缓慢静脉输注As_2O_3治疗,每例患者As_2O_3日治疗总量按0.16mg/kg计算,As_2O_3注射液10毫克(10 mg/支),加入5%葡萄糖500毫升(或生理盐水500毫升)静脉滴注,8-10滴/分钟,每次滴注约18-21小时,连续用药28-50天,至完全缓解(CR)。同时,注重心理护理,加强输液管理,在用药过程中严密观察药物的毒副作用和对不良反应的及时对症护理等措施。结果:177例病人完全缓解(CR),完全缓解率达90.3%。结论:应用持续缓慢静脉输注As_2O_3治疗APL,实施积极有效的护理措施是取得显著疗效的重要环节。     

脊柱骨折患者术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的干预措施

目的:分析综合护理干预对脊柱骨折患者术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防效果。方法:将120例脊柱骨折患者分为观察组和对照组,每组各60例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组进行综合护理干预,比较不同干预措施对患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防效果。结果:观察组DVT发生率为3.33%,对照组为18.33%,观察组干预效果明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:综合护理干预可有效降低脊柱骨折患者术后DVT的形成,对临床具有指导意义。     

综合护理对脑卒中患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防效果

目的:分析综合护理干预在脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢深静脉血栓形成中的预防效果及临床效应。方法:将120例经颅部CT或MRI确诊的脑卒中患者分为观察组和对照组,每组各60例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组进行综合护理干预,比较不同干预措施患者下肢深静脉血栓形成情况。结果:观察组DVT发生率为3.33%,对照组为18.33%,观察组干预效果明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:综合护理干预可有效降低脑卒中偏瘫患者DVT的形成,在脑卒中偏瘫患者DVT方面具有显著的预防作用与临床效应,值得借鉴。     

Introducing fecal stable isotope analysis in primate weaning studies

This research investigates the potential of a new, noninvasive method for determining age of weaning among primates using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in feces. Analysis of stable isotope ratios in body tissues is a well‐established method in archeology and ecology for reconstructing diet. This is the first study to investigate weaning in primates using fecal stable isotope ratios. Diets of a single François’ langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) mother–infant pair at the Toledo Zoo are reconstructed using this technique to track changes in infant suckling behavior over the weaning period. Stable isotope ratios in feces are sampled instead of more traditional samples such as bone or hair to enable daily, noninvasive snapshots of weaning status. Isotopic assessments of weaning status are compared to visual assessments to identify any discordance between the two. Three measurements documented the transition from breast milk to solid foods: stable carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C), stable nitrogen isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N), and nitrogen content of feces (%N). It appears that solid foods were introduced at approximately 2 months of infant age, but that nursing continued into the 12th month, when sample collection ceased. Stable isotope data exposed a much longer weaning period than what was expected based on previously published data for captive langurs, and clarified visual estimates of weaning status. This reflects the method's sensitivity to suckling at night and ability to distinguish actual nursing from comfort nursing. After testing this method with zoo animals, it can readily be applied among wild populations. An isotopic approach to weaning provides a new, accurate, and biologically meaningful assessment of interbirth intervals, and facilitates a better understanding of mother–infant interactions. Both of these outcomes are critical for developing successful conservation strategies for captive and wild primates. Am. J. Primatol. 74:926‐939, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.