大肠癌患者尊严受损的影响因素及与症状群和生活质量的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨大肠癌患者尊严受损的影响因素,并分析其与症状群和生活质量的关系。方法：纳入我院2018年6月～2020年4月收治的大肠癌患者110例,经患者尊严量表（PDI）评估尊严受损情况,并据此分成受损组（PDI＞50分）和未受损组（PDI≤50分）,经单因素和Logistic多元回归模型分析患者尊严受损的影响因素。利用安德森症状评估量表评估两组患者的症状,提取主因子分析症状群变化,采用简明生活质量量表（SF-36）评估两组生活质量并进行比较。结果：在110例患者中,尊严受损发生率为29.09%。受损组独立性、症状困扰、社会支持、生存困扰、平和心态评分及PDI总分高于未受损组（P＜0.05）。Logistic多元回归分析提示,患者临床分期Ⅳ期（OR=2.577,95%CI：1.385-4.795）、文化程度小学及以下（OR=2.996,95%CI：1.395-6.434）、家庭月收入<1000元（OR=2.068,95%CI：1.316-3.250）、肿瘤转移（OR=3.412,95%CI：1.498-7.772）、病程≥12个月（OR=3.898,95%CI：1.425-10.663）是大肠癌患者尊严受损的影响因素（P＜0.05）。受损组核心症状、症状对正常生活干扰程度评分及总分高于未受损组,但受损组躯体功能、躯体疼痛、躯体角色功能、心理健康、情绪角色功能、总体健康评分低于未受损组（P＜0.05）。结论：大肠癌患者尊严受损发生率较高,且与多种因素有关,尊严受损者的症状群明显加重,生活质量下降。     

石家庄地区大肠息肉流行病学特征调查及影响因素分析

摘要 目的：调查分析石家庄地区大肠息肉流行病学特征及发病影响因素。方法：选取2015年1月~2020年1月期间来我院进行结肠镜检查的石家庄地区人群2630例作为调查研究对象,检查期间发放大肠息肉调查问卷,对研究对象的大肠息肉检出情况、流行病学特征进行统计分析,并根据人群的大肠息肉检测结果分为息肉组和对照组,对两组的临床资料进行统计对比,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析大肠息肉发生的影响因素。结果：共回收2611份有效问卷,有效率为99.28%,其中大肠息肉患者共有300例,大肠息肉发生率为11.49%。经流行病学调查显示,300例大肠息肉患者中以男性居多,年龄以＞60岁为主,息肉高发部位主要为直肠和乙状结肠,病理类型主要为腺瘤型,息肉大小以≤5 cm为主。单因素分析显示,息肉组和对照组在年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、吸烟史、高脂血症病史、高脂饮食方面对比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。经多因素分析显示,年龄＞60岁、男性、BMI≥25 kg/m²、吸烟史、高脂血症病史、高脂饮食均为大肠息肉发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论：石家庄地区大肠息肉具有较高的发病率,其流行病学与患者性别、年龄、息肉部位、病理类型及息肉大小相关。     

腔镜下腺体切除术对早期乳腺癌患者血清免疫球蛋白及TNF-α、IL-10水平变化的影响

摘要 目的：分析腔镜下腺体切除术对早期乳腺癌患者血清免疫球蛋白及TNF-α、IL-10水平的影响,从而对其优势评估。方法：选择2017年2月-2020年2月于本院实施乳腺癌手术患者100例,根据其选择手术方式的不同分为2组：A组（腔镜下腺体切除术,59例）和B组（开放乳房皮下腺体切除术,41例）,分别统计患者手术时间、术后拔管时间以及住院时间;术后1个月,取患者外周血,离心取血清,采用免疫比浊法检测患者血清免疫功能相关指标IgM和IgG含量、采用人酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）试剂盒检测患者血清中炎症反应指标TNF-α和IL-10含量、统计术后两组患者出现术野皮下出血、皮下积液、乳头乳晕坏死等并发症的例数;术后一年,统计两组患者出现复发和淋巴结转移等现象的例数。结果：A组患者手术时间显著长于B组,而其拔管时间和住院时间均显著短于B组（P＜0.05）。A组并发症发生率（5.00 %）显著高于B组（25.71%）（P<0.05）。术前1 d,两组患者血清免疫指标IgM和IgG水平和炎症反应指标TNF-α和IL-10水平相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而术后3 d~术后1 m,A组患者血清免疫指标IgM和IgG水平以及抗炎因子IL-10水平均显著高于B组,促炎因子TNF-α水平显著低于B组（P＜0.05）。A组患者术后1年内乳腺癌复发率（3.3%）与B组（10.0%）相比差异不具有统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：腔镜下腺体切除术治疗早期乳腺癌具有拔管时间以及术后住院时间短、并发症发生率低等优势,其原因可能与该手术对患者血清免疫球蛋白IgM和IgG及炎症因子TNF-α、IL-10水平影响程度较小、术后恢复较快有关。     

Innate lymphoid cells and gastrointestinal disease

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a group of innate immune cells, which constitute the first line of defense in the immune system, together with skin and mucous membrane. ILCs also play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body, particularly in the complex and diverse environment of the intestine. ILCs respond to different microenvironments, maintaining homeostasis directly or indirectly through cytokines. As a result, ILCs, with complex and pleiotropic characteristics, are associated with many gastrointestinal diseases. Their ability of transition among those subgroups makes them function as both promoting and inhibiting cells, thus affecting homeostasis and disease progressing to either alleviation or deterioration. With these special characteristics, ILCs theoretically can be used in the new generation of immunotherapy as an alternative and supplement to current tumor therapy. Our review summarizes the characteristics of ILCs with respect to category, function, and the relationship with intestinal homeostasis and gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, potential tumor immunotherapies involving ILCs are also discussed to shed light on the perspectives of immunotherapy.     

生物信息学分析筛选结直肠癌靶基因及评估预后价值

为寻找与结直肠癌发展和预后相关的潜在关键基因及信号通路。从美国国立信息中心NCBI的GEO数据库获得结直肠癌基因表达数据集GSE106582,通过PCA对样本进行分组,利用GEO2R进行综合分析,筛选结直肠癌与癌旁对照组的差异表达基因;通过DAVID在线工具对差异表达基因进行GO本体分析和KEGG通路富集分析,初步分析差异表达基因的生物学作用;基于STRING数据库对差异表达基因进行蛋白质相互作用网络分析,利用Cytoscape软件进行可视化并筛选关键基因;用生存分析和ROC曲线诊断对关键基因进行鉴定并通过数据集GSE21510进行验证。共鉴定出199个差异表达基因,其中53个为上调基因,146个为下调基因;上调的差异表达基因主要富集在与胶原蛋白分解代谢过程、细胞外基质分解、细胞外基质受体相互作用和PI3K/AKT信号通路等生物学过程;下调的差异表达基因主要富集在碳酸氢盐运输、一碳代谢过程、矿物质吸收、药物代谢-细胞色素P450和氮代谢通路等生物学过程;MCODE分析、生存分析和ROC诊断共发现3个基因分别为BGN、COL1A2和TIMP1可能与结直肠癌的发生发展有关,它们在肿瘤组织中的异常高表达与患者较差的生存期呈正相关,GSE21510的验证结果与GSE106582的分析结果相同。本研究采用生物信息学方法对CRC基因芯片数据进行挖掘,从基因水平探讨CRC潜在的发病机制、肿瘤标志物的及患者预后分子的筛选,以及可能的药物治疗靶点提供了一定的参考价值和理论基础。     

益生菌在结直肠癌患者中的应用

结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)的发病率及病死率在多国多年居高不下,肠道微生态的失衡在CRC的发生发展中所起的作用被许多学者所证实。专家一致认为,积极纠正肠道微生态失衡是可取的。CRC患者术前肠道菌群已经出现改变,术后肠道菌群失衡加重,化疗会进一步加重这种失衡状态。肠道微生态的稳态对机体肠道功能和免疫功能等起着重要作用。益生菌作为一种可调节肠道菌群的微生态制剂,已显现出在CRC患者治疗中的应用价值,现对益生菌在CRC患者中的应用进展作一综述。     

The prognostic value of CD3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for stage II colon cancer according to use of adjuvant chemotherapy: A large single-institution cohort study

BackgroundHigh tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) density was previously shown to be associated with favorable prognosis for patients with colon cancer (CC). However, the impact of TILs on overall survival (OS) of stage II CC patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (ADJ) or not (no-ADJ) is unknown. We assessed the prognostic value of CD3+ TILs in stage II CC patients according to whether they had ADJ or not.MethodsPatients treated with curative surgery for stage II CC (2002–2013) were selected from the Santa Maria alle Scotte Hospital registry. TILs at the invasive front, center of tumor, and stroma were determined by immunohistochemistry and manually quantified as the rate of TILs/total tissue areas. High TILs (H-TILs) was defined as >20%. Patients were categorized as high or low TILs (L-TILs) and ADJ or no-ADJ.ResultsOf the 678 patients included, 137 (20%) received ADJ and 541 (80%) did not. The distribution of the 4 groups were: 16% (L-TIL/ADJ), 64% (L-TIL/no-ADJ), 5% (H-TIL/ADJ), 15% (H-TIL/no-ADJ). Compared to H-TILs/no-ADJ, ADJ patients showed a significantly increased OS (P<.01) regardless of the TILs rate whereas L-TILs/no-ADJ had significantly decreased OS and higher risk of death (HR=1.41; 95% CI, 1.06–1.88; P<.0001). On multivariable analysis, the unfavorable prognostic value of L-TILs (vs. H-TILs) for no-ADJ patients was confirmed (HR=1.36; 95% CI 1.02, 1.82; P=.0373).ConclusionLow CD3+ TILs rate was associated with shorter OS in those with stage II colon cancer who did not receive adjuvant therapy. Low CD3+ TILs could be considered an additional risk factor for still ADJ-untreated stage II CC patients, which could facilitate clinical decision making.     

Circulating plasma microRNAs in colorectal neoplasia: A pilot study in assessing response to therapy

IntroductionCurrent serological surveillance markers to monitor colorectal cancer (CRC) or colorectal advanced adenomas (CAA) are hampered by poor sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study is to identify and validate a panel of plasma microRNAs which change in expression after resection of such lesions.MethodsA prospectively maintained colorectal surgery database was queried for patients in whom both pre- and post-procedural serum samples had been obtained. An initial screening analysis of CRC and CAA patients (5 each) was conducted using screening cards for 380 miRNAs. Four identified miRNAs were combined with a previously described panel of 7 miRNAs that were diagnostically predictive of CRC and CAA. Differential miRNA expression was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).ResultsFifty patients were included (n = 27 CRC, n = 23 CAA). There was no difference in age, gender, or race profile of CRC patients compared to CAA patients. Six miRNA were significantly increased after CRC resection (miR-324, let7b, miR-454, miR-374a, miR-122, miR-19b, all p<0.05), while three miRNAs were significantly increased following CAA resection (miR-454, miR-374a, miR-122, all p<0.05). Three miRNA were increased in common for both (miR-454, miR-374a, miR-122).DiscussionThe expression of miRNAs associated with neoplasia (either CRC or CAA) was significantly increased following surgical resection or endoscopic removal of CRC or CAA. Future studies should focus on the evaluation of these miRNAs in CRC and CAA prognosis.     

miR-33a-5p in small extracellular vesicles as non-invasive biomarker for oxaliplatin sensitivity in human colorectal cancer cells

microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are candidates for non-invasive biomarkers. Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) has been approved for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) chemotherapy. However, the response to L-OHP differs among CRC patients. In addition, CRC cells often acquire the resistance to L-OHP. This study aimed at the prediction of L-OHP sensitivity by measuring extracellular miRNAs levels. Firstly, we compared intracellular miRNAs expressions in L-OHP-sensitive CRC cells (SW620 and HCT116 cells) with those in acquired and intrinsic L-OHP-resistant cells. In microarray and real-time RT-PCR analyses, the intracellular miR-33a-5p, miR-210–3p, and miR-224–5p expressions were lower in acquired and intrinsic L-OHP-resistant CRC cells than sensitive cells. Furthermore, in SW620 cells, L-OHP sensitivity was decreased by miR-33a-5p inhibitor. On the other hand, miR-210–3p or miR-224–5p inhibitor did not affect L-OHP sensitivity in SW620 cells. Secondly, the amount of miR-33a-5p, miR-210–3p, and miR-224–5p in sEVs was compared. The amount of miR-33a-5p and miR-210–3p in sEVs secreted from acquired and intrinsic L-OHP-resistant cells tended to be small. miR-224–5p was not detected in sEVs secreted from three types of CRC cells examined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that miR-33a-5p and/or miR-210–3p in sEVs would be candidates for biomarkers of L-OHP sensitivity. In particular, miR-33a-5p is a promising candidate because it would be directly involved in L-OHP sensitivity.     

Bulky DNA adduct levels in normal-appearing colon mucosa,and the prevalence of colorectal adenomas

Abstract

Purpose: Examine the association between bulky DNA adduct levels in colon mucosa and colorectal adenoma prevalence, and explore the correlation between adduct levels in leukocytes and colon tissue.

Methods: Bulky DNA adduct levels were measured using ³²P-postlabelling in biopsies of normal-appearing colon tissue and blood donated by 202 patients. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between DNA adducts, and interactions of DNA adduct-DNA repair polymorphisms, with the prevalence of colorectal adenomas. Correlation between blood and tissue levels of DNA adducts was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Results: An interaction between bulky DNA adduct levels and XPA rs1800975 on prevalence of colorectal adenoma was observed. Among individuals with lower DNA repair activity, increased DNA adduct levels were associated with increased colorectal adenoma prevalence (OR?=?1.41 per SD increase, 95%CI: 0.92–2.18). Conversely, among individuals with normal DNA activity, an inverse association was observed (OR?=?0.60 per SD increase, 95%CI: 0.34–1.07). Blood and colon DNA adduct levels were inversely correlated (ρ?=??0.20).

Conclusions: Among genetically susceptible individuals, higher bulky DNA adducts in the colon was associated with the prevalence of colorectal adenomas. The inverse correlation between blood and colon tissue measures demonstrates the importance of quantifying biomarkers in target tissues.