Evidence that UV-inducible error-prone repair is absent in Haemophilus influenzae Rd, with a discussion of the relation to error-prone repair of alkylating-agent damage.

Haemophilus influenzae Rd and its derivatives are mutated either not at all or to only a very small extent by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, X-rays, methyl methanesulfonate, and nitrogen mustard, though they are readily mutated by such agents as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethyl methanesulfonate, and nitrosocarbaryl. In these respects H. influenzae Rd resembles the lexA mutants of Escherichia coli that lack the SOS or reclex UV-inducible error-prone repair system. This similarity is further brought out by the observation that chloramphenicol has little or no effect on post-replication repair after UV irradiation. In E. coli, chloramphenicol has been reported to considerably inhibit post-replication repair in the wild type but not in the lexA mutant. Earlier work has suggested that most or all the mutations induced in H. influenzae by NC result from error-prone repair. Combined treatment with NC and either X-rays or UV shows that the NC error-prone repair system does not produce mutations from the lesions induced by these radiations even while it is producing them from its own lesions. It is concluded that the NC error-prone repair system or systems and the reclex error-prone system are different.     

Decreased Hardness of Dietary Fiber-Rich Foods by the Enzyme-Infusion Method

A novel technique is reported for softening plant tissues while retaining their shape by impregnating them with macerating enzymes under reduced pressure after defrosting the frozen plants. Samples were removed immediately from the enzyme solution after the freeze-infusion treatment, and the hardness was measured. Six enzymes and three enzymes were respectively chosen from 18 commercial enzymes for softening burdock roots and bamboo shoots. The tissue degradation due to impregnation of the tissues with the enzymes and the reaction time were investigated. Burdock roots and bamboo shoots were progressively softened during the reaction: the hardness reached 1.0×10⁴ N/m² or less. The water-soluble dietary fiber contents increased as a result of the freeze-infusion treatment. This softening technique, which retained the food shape, could enhance the production of food products for elderly persons and those under nursing care. Foods produced by this method can replace current minced and liquid dietary components.     

定坤丹联合益母草冲剂治疗孕妇流产后月经失调的临床效果分析

目的:探讨定坤丹联合益母草冲剂治疗孕妇流产后月经失调的临床效果。方法:选取2016年1月-2016年12月我院接受药物流产终止妊娠的妇女120例为研究对象,根据数字随机表法将其随机分为研究组和对照组,每组60例。研究组在妊娠囊排出宫腔后开始服益母草冲剂,1包/次,3次/日,服用2周后加服定坤丹,1丸/次,2次/日,持续服用到月经恢复正常。对照组在同一时间段期间服用益母草冲剂。对比两组患者腹痛消失时间和月经恢复正常时间、恢复正常月经后月经周期、月经量以及治疗有效率。结果:对照组和研究组腹痛消失时间分别为7.62±1.33 d、3.17±0.76 d,月经恢复正常时间分别为69.62±8.45 d、43.21±6.65 d,研究组均显著短于对照组(P0.05)。患者月经恢复后,对照组中有42例正常,研究组有54例正常,研究组月经周期时间正常率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。对照组中月经量有45例正常,研究组中月经量有54例正常,两组月经量比较,研究组月经量正常率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。对照组中痊愈39例,研究组中痊愈51例,研究组治疗有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:定坤丹联合益母草冲剂治疗孕妇流产后月经失调临床疗效明显优于单用益母草冲剂治疗。     

Enterococcus faecalis immunoregulates osteoclastogenesis of macrophages

Persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) is characterized by refractory inflammation and progressive bone destruction. Enterococcus faecalis infection is considered an important etiological factor for the development of PAP, although the exact mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed at investigating the role of E. faecalis in cell proliferation, inflammatory reactions and osteoclast differentiation of macrophages using an in vitro infection model of osteoclast precursor RAW264.7 cells. A cell viability assay of cultured RAW264.7 cells exposed to live E. faecalis at a multiplicity of infection of 100 for 2 h, indicated that the infection exhibited no cytotoxic effect. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed no apoptotic changes but a rise of metabolic activity and phagocytic features in the infected RAW264.7 cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopic and flow cytometric analysis indicated that the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells was activated by E. faecalis infection. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR assays demonstrated that the expression of inflammatory cytokines was remarkably elevated in infected RAW264.7 cells. Differentiation of infected RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts was remarkably attenuated, and expression of osteoclast marker genes as well as fusogenic genes significantly dropped. In summary, E. faecalis appears to attenuate osteoclastic differentiation of RAW264.7 precursor cells, rather stimulates them to function as macrophages.     

Alterations in wheat pollen lipidome during high day and night temperature stress

Understanding the adaptive changes in wheat pollen lipidome under high temperature (HT) stress is critical to improving seed set and developing HT tolerant wheat varieties. We measured 89 pollen lipid species under optimum and high day and/or night temperatures using electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry in wheat plants. The pollen lipidome had a distinct composition compared with that of leaves. Unlike in leaves, 34:3 and 36:6 species dominated the composition of extraplastidic phospholipids in pollen under optimum and HT conditions. The most HT‐responsive lipids were extraplastidic phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylserine. The unsaturation levels of the extraplastidic phospholipids decreased through the decreases in the levels of 18:3 and increases in the levels of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2 acyl chains. PC and PE were negatively correlated. Higher PC:PE at HT indicated possible PE‐to‐PC conversion, lower PE formation, or increased PE degradation, relative to PC. Correlation analysis revealed lipids experiencing coordinated metabolism under HT and confirmed the HT responsiveness of extraplastidic phospholipids. Comparison of the present results on wheat pollen with results of our previous research on wheat leaves suggests that similar lipid changes contribute to HT adaptation in both leaves and pollen, though the lipidomes have inherently distinct compositions.     

过度静脉输液的现状、危害及管控措施

通过分析我国过度静脉输液的现状和危害,结合国外静脉输液管理指南,提出改善我国静脉输液的管控措施,促进我国医疗机构静 脉输液合理使用和管理,保障患者用药安全。     

BIS监测下丙泊酚靶控静脉麻醉与七氟醚麻醉效果比较

目的:比较BIS监测下丙泊酚靶控输注全凭静脉麻醉与七氟醚静吸复合麻醉两种方式下的腹腔镜下子宫切除手术患者麻醉效果。方法:46例择期腹腔镜下子宫切除患者,ASAI`II级,随机分为:丙泊酚靶控全凭静脉麻醉组(TCI组)和七氟醚静吸复合麻醉组(SD组),各23例。术中均监测BIS值(维持在40~60)。记录麻醉诱导前(T1)、手术开始30 min(T2)、术后1 h(T3)患者血压(BP)和心率(HR);记录术后自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间;记录术中知晓发生率和术后24小时恶心呕吐(PONV)发生率。结果:TCI组与SD组患者BP和HR在T1、T2、T3各时间点比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);TCI组呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间均早于SD组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者均未发生术中知晓;但术后24小时PONV发生率TCI组明显低于SD组(P0.05)。结论:在BIS监测下,丙泊酚靶控全凭静脉麻醉与七氟醚静吸复合麻醉用于腔镜下子宫切除手术均能够维持术中患者血流动力学平稳,预防术中知晓,但全凭静脉麻醉较静吸复合麻醉患者术后恢复更快,术后24小时恶心呕吐发生率低。     

Post-exercise glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in human muscle during oral or IV glucose intake

Post-exercise muscle uptake and the intracellular fate of glucose was studied after oral or intravenous glucose administrations which caused similar plasma glucose concentrations, but high and moderate plasma insulin concentrations, respectively. Five male subjects participated in two experiments with 6-16 weeks in between. In the first experiment, the oral glucose experiment (OG), 1.4, 0.7 and 0.7 g.kg-1 body mass of glucose was given as oral loads at 0, 1 and 2 h of a 3-h post-exercise observation period (3hOP). In the second experiment, the glucose clamp experiment (GC), a glucose infusion clamp technique was employed. Based on repetitive, immediate plasma glucose measurements performed every 5th min, the rate of glucose infusion was adjusted to obtain the same temporal pattern of the plasma glucose concentration as in OG. The average plasma glucose concentrations during 3hOP were 9.2 +/- 1.1 and 9.3 +/- 1.2 mmol.1(-1) in OG and GC, respectively. The average arterio-femoral venous (a-v)f glucose differences were 1.0 +/- 0.3 and 0.5 +/- 0.2 mmol.1(-1) (p less than 0.001), while the average plasma insulin concentrations were 56 +/- 12 and 26 +/- 5 microU.ml-1 (p less than 0.001) for the two experiments. Increases in muscle glycogen concentrations were 28 +/- 4 and 25 +/- 3 mmol.kg-1 (NS) during 3hOP in OG and GC, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone infusion interval: importance in pharmacodynamics

Circulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels were measured during and after intravenous infusion intervals ranging from 0.08 minutes to 5 minutes and doses ranging from 1 to 25 micrograms per pulse. In all dose groups (1 vs. 5 vs. 25 micrograms), the peak levels of GnRH decreased from the 0.08 minute to the 5 minute infusion interval. Our results suggest that the infusion interval over which GnRH is administered has profound effects on the amount, duration, and pattern of GnRH measured in the peripheral circulation.     

Portacaval Anastomosis: Brain and Plasma Metabolite Abnormalities and the Effect of Nutritional Therapy

Abstract: Rats with portacaval shunts were used as a model of hepatic encephalopathy and compared to sham-operated controls. First, the changes in intermediary metabolites and amino acids in blood and whole brain were characterized and found to be similar at 4 and 7 weeks after shunting. Second, the effects of nutritional therapy on selected metabolites and tryptophan transport into brain were assessed in rats 5 weeks after surgery. Ordinary food was removed and the rats were treated with glucose given either by mouth or intravenously, or intravenous glucose plus branched chain amino acids. Several abnormalities in plasma amino acid concentrations were reversed by treatment. The abnormally high brain uptake index of tryptophan, a consequence of portacaval shunting, was not lowered by any of the treatment regimens; it was even higher in the groups given glucose by mouth and glucose plus amino acids. Calculated competition for entry of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine into brain was unchanged (glucose plus amino aicds), or reduced (glucose alone). Brain glutamine content was brought to near normal by all treatments. Infusion of glucose plus branched chain amino acids normalized brain content of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, even though the brain uptake index of tryptophan was higher in this group. Thus, partial or complete reversal of several abnormalities found after portacaval shunting was achieved by removal of oral food and administration of glucose. The addition of branched chain amino acids to the glucose infusion restored brain content of three aromatic amino acids to near normal, by a mechanism which appeared to be unrelated to transport across the blood-brain barrier.