中国第四纪冰期与陆生脊椎动物残留分布

在第四纪冰期中 ,中国东部地区是否发生过冰川 ,长期存在争议。中国东部地区冰川说的创始人李四光教授在提出该学说时 ,从古生物方面未得到冰期生物群的证据。现存生物种的地理残留现象可反映地质历史时期的气候变化。本文作者依据中国陆生脊椎动物的北方残留、热带 -亚热带残留、温带湿润带残留等现象 ,推断 :(1)在冰期的冷期中喜暖动物南迁时 ,中国东部地区是一避难地 ;(2 )在中国东部地区未见有典型冰川残留种的存在 ;(3)一些湿润种的间断残留分布与中国北方黄土及干旱气候的发展有密切的关系。此结论似不支持中国东部冰川说     

黄海繁茂膜海绵中微生物多样性的研究

构建了中国黄海繁茂膜海绵中细菌16S rDNA克隆,对其遗传多样性进行了分析,发现海绵中相关细菌16S rDNA基因主要归类于紫硫细菌门(Proteobacteria)中的α-亚门、γ-亚门,和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)等类群。所获得的16S rDNA序列与GenBank中的已知序列差异较大,反映出该海绵存在尚未发现的微生物新信息。     

First description of axymyiid fossils (Insecta: Diptera: Axymyiidae)

Two species of fossil insects from the Daohugou Formation of Chifeng City in Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, northeastern China are described, and recognized as Psocites pectinatus (Hong, 1983) nov. emend., nov. transl. and P. fossilis nov. sp. They are the oldest representatives of the family Callovian or Axymyiidae, and first described of this family in the Mesozoic. Although early the age of the fly-bearing beds is controversial, it is probably Oxfordian or Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) rather than Early Cretaceous or Middle Jurassic.     

南海南沙海域沉积物中可培养微生物及其多样性分析

【目的】为了从南沙海域中分离获得微生物菌种资源,【方法】本文通过沉积物采样、可培养菌分离及16S rRNA鉴定,【结果】从22个站点的沉积物样品中获得349株细菌,分属于87个种。发现产芽孢细菌分布最广,并在10个站点的分离株中占多数;它们是Bacillus,Halobacillus,Brevibacillus,Paenibacillus,Pontibacillus和Thalassobacillus。其中芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）无论在数量上还是种类上都最多,分别属于34种,其中有8个可能的新种。此外,g-Proteobacteria是分离率较高的另一亚群;其中,假单胞菌（Pseudomonas）,海杆菌（Marinobacter）,食烷菌（Alcanivorax）属的细菌最多。统计还发现,在深度750~2000 m之间,低GC含量的细菌最丰富,而深度2000 m以下,分离株则全部为g-Proteobacteria。【结论】南沙沉积物可培养微生物中产芽孢细菌及 g-Proteobacteria比较丰富;其中,产芽孢细菌的多样性最高,具有进一步研究开发价值。     

国内外转基因作物产业化的比较

当前,全球转基因作物研发和产业化迅猛发展, 创造了巨大的经济、社会和生态效益。转基因作物产业化发展的快慢, 是关系到我国农业可持续发展和提高农产品国际竞争力的重大问题。就国内外转基因作物的产业化进行了优劣势比较, 并从影响转基因作物产业化的技术瓶颈和安全性监管两方面进行了探讨。     

依据孢粉资料探讨我国西北地区第三纪时期的干旱化及其与季风的关系

文章依据孢粉资料讨论我国西北地区第三纪时期植被的演变情况,认为始新世时古地中海和副古地中海（Paratethys）自南亚及中亚地区的撤退,以及中新世时青藏高原的隆起对东亚季风的屏蔽,都对西北地区的干旱化起了重大作用。上新世中期开始的青藏高原的持续隆起和冬季风（寒流）的劲吹,使本地区植被成分更趋单调．演变成荒漠型植被．气候更趋干旱。根据孢粉资料推测：太平洋季风至少在中中新世已经形成并可伸展至兰州地区,而印度洋季风有可能是同时出现的,并可侵袭到目前的甘肃南部地区。     

Genetic diversity among Chinese landraces and cultivars of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) revealed by the polymerase chain reaction

Broomcorn millet is widely grown in Asia and Europe. This cereal is a very efficient user of soil water and is particularly adapted to sandy, dry soils and dry weather conditions. As one of the oldest crops in ancient China, it has played an important role in the formation and development of Chinese civilisation and culture. It is still one of the major grain crops in northern China where harsh climate conditions prevail. The genetic diversity and relationships among 32 accessions of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) from the major areas for broomcorn millet growing in China, in addition to six Indian landraces, were evaluated by PCR analysis with six introns splice junction or long random primers. A total of 56 DNA fragments across all materials were scored; among them, 42 (75%) were polymorphic as indicated by their absence in at least 1 of the 38 accessions tested, indicating a high variation at the DNA level among those accessions. Pair‐wise genetic dissimilarity (Dice’s coefficient) ranged from 0.0286 to 0.4737. The clustering largely corroborated with the geographical location of the origins of those accessions. The data indicated that the glutinous/non‐glutinous trait is also associated with the clustering. Majorities of the landraces from Yulin of Shaanxi were clustered into five groups, and majorities of the cultivars or breeding lines from Inner Mongolia were clustered into three groups. The results of this study suggest that the landraces from Yulin of Shaanxi were extensively utilised in the breeding programme of Shanxi, whereas this feature was not observed in the breeding programme of Inner Mongolia.     

中国蝴蝶新种, 新亚种及新记录种（Ⅲ）（鳞翅目）

记述中国粉蝶科1新种,4新亚种,1新型,1中国新记录种及6个《中国蝶类志》未记述的已知种,所有模式标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。     

中国陕西圆颚切叶蚁属一新种记述（膜翅目：蚁科）

记述采自陕西太白山的圆颚切叶蚁属StrongylognathusMayr1新种瘤点圆颚切叶蚁S.tylonum,sp.n.。该新种与卡氏圆颚切叶蚁S.karawajewiPisarski相似,但前者上颚外缘具4个小的疣突,并胸腹节末端具1对非常钝的小齿,腹柄节下方不具齿突,第1腹柄节顶端水平。文中提供了该属中国已知3种的检索表。     

新疆阳蝇属Helina R.—D.二新种（双翅目：蝇科）

记述采自新疆蝇属Helina R.-D．2新种,托木尔阳蝇Helina tuomuerra,sp,nov。和新疆阳蝇Helina xinjiangensis,sp.nov.模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。