导管接触性溶栓同期球囊扩张+支架治疗血栓性髂静脉压迫综合征的疗效

摘要 目的：为提高治疗效率,本研究对髂静脉压迫综合征合并下肢深静脉血栓患者的导管接触溶栓同期球囊扩张+支架治疗方案和分期治疗方案进行比较。方法：以65例髂静脉压迫综合征合并下肢深静脉血栓患者为研究对象,根据治疗方法分为研究组和对照组,研究组32例,进行导管接触溶栓同期球囊扩张+支架治疗,对照组33例,进行导管接触溶栓分期球囊扩张+支架治疗。以治疗前后患者大腿围、小腿围、血管通畅评分,手术指标（住院时间、住院次数、溶栓时间及穿刺次数）,并发症（血栓复发、出血以及肺栓塞）及深静脉血栓后遗症为指标,考察两组疗效。结果：两组患者大腿围、小腿围和静脉畅通评分在治疗前均无显著差异（P＞0.05）,经过治疗,两组大腿围、小腿围和静脉畅通评分均显著改善（P＜0.05）,但两组间各项指标无显著差异（P＞0.05）。研究组患者住院时间、住院次数、溶栓时间及穿刺次数均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。研究组血栓复发0例,对照组血栓复发4例,有显著差异（P＜0.05）;研究组出血1例,肺栓塞0例,对照组出血2例,肺栓塞0例,两组出血和肺栓塞情况比较,无显著差异（P＞0.05）。研究组PTS发生率为6.25 %,显著低于对照组的18.18 %（P＜0.05）。结论：导管接触溶栓同期球囊扩张+支架治疗方案对髂静脉压迫综合征合并下肢深静脉血栓有良好的疗效。     

The Fibrinolytic Activity of a Novel Protease Derived from a Tempeh Producing Fungus,Fusarium sp. BLB

Tempeh is a traditional Indonesian soybean-fermented food produced by filamentous fungi, Rhizopus sp. and Fusarium sp. We isolated and sequenced the genomic gene and a cDNA clone encoding a novel protease (FP) from Fusarium sp. BLB. The genomic gene was 856 bp in length and contained two introns. An isolated cDNA clone encoded a protein of 250 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence of FP showed highest homology, of 76%, with that of trypsin from Fusarium oxysporum. The hydrolysis activity of FP toward synthetic peptide was higher than that of any other protease tested, including Nattokinases. Furthermore, the thrombolytic activity of FP was about 2.1-fold higher than that of Nattokinase when the concentration of plasminogen was 24 units/ml. These results suggest that FP is superior to Nattokinases in dissolving fibrin when absorbed into the blood.     

半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行转运PCI与直接转运PCI对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死临床疗效的对比研究

目的:比较急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)使用半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行转运经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)与直接转运两种救治策略的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2015年6月～2018年2月我院收治的100例STEMI患者的病历资料,根据救治方案不同分为易化PCI组(先在基层医院经半量瑞替普酶溶栓后再转运至我院行PCI,58例)、直接转运PCI组(拒绝在基层医院接受溶栓治疗而要求直接转运PCI,42例)。比较两组PCI前后血管再通率、PCI后无复流发生率和ST段回落率(STR)、住院期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)及治疗期间出血并发症的发生情况及随访1年主要终点事件的发生情况。结果:入院后首次冠脉造影显示易化PCI组PCI前TIMI 3级血流者占32.7%(19/59),显著高于直接转运PCI组[14.3%(6/42),P0.05]。PCI后14 d时,易化PCI组TIMI 3级血流者占93.1%(54/58),较直接转运PCI组[90.5%(38/42)]差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PCI后即刻冠脉造影显示易化PCI组无复流发生率为6.9%(4/58),较直接转运PCI组[21.4%(9/42)]显著降低(P0.05)。PCI后24 h时,易化PCI组STR值为(61.53±11.27)%,显著高于直接转运PCI组[(52.40±12.63)%,P0.05]。住院期间,易化PCI组MACE发生率为10.3%(6/58),较直接转运PCI组[14.3%(6/42)]差异无统计意义(P0.05)。治疗期间,易化PCI组出血并发症总发生率为19.0%(11/58),与直接转运PCI组的14.3%(6/42)相比差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。随访1年,易化PCI组主要终点事件发生率为19.0%(11/58),显著低于直接转运PCI组[40.5%(17/42),P0.05]。结论:与直接转运PCI相比,STEMI患者应用半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行转运PCI有利于早期开通梗死血管,提高介入干预效果,PCI后获得优异的心肌灌注水平,从而改善远期预后,且安全性相当。     

Carbon Monoxide-Induced Early Thrombolysis Contributes to Heme Oxygenase-1-Mediated Inhibition of Neointimal Growth after Vascular Injury in Hypercholesterolemic Mice

Arterial thrombosis is a critical event in the pathogenesis of lesion development. In this study, we evaluated the effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-inducible enzyme with vasoprotective functions, on arterial thrombosis following vascular mechanical injury. The carotid arteries of apoE-deficient mice were subjected to angioplasty with a modified beaded-needle. Arterial thrombosis occurred at 12 h after injury. Treatment of the injured vessels with an adenovirus bearing HO-1 gene (Adv-HO-1) (1× 10⁸ pfu), but not saline or empty adenovirus (Adv), immediately after angioplasty resulted in earlier thrombolysis and restoration of blood flow detected at 24 h. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the arterial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression was markedly reduced in Adv-HO-1-treated injured arteries as compared to control counterparts. The thrombolytic effect was also observed by exposing animals with existing arterial thrombosis to carbon monoxide (CO) (250 ppm, 2 h), a byproduct derived from heme degradation by HO-1. In parallel with less fibrin(ogen) deposition, the macrophage infiltration, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and neointimal formation assessed at 2 weeks after angioplasty were substantially reduced in injured arteries treated with Adv-HO-1. These results support a role of early thrombolysis induced by CO in HO-1-mediated protection against intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury.     

rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性大脑中动脉脑梗死的临床疗效

目的:探讨rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗在急性大脑中动脉脑梗死的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取我院急性大脑中动脉脑梗死患者70例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组35例。对照组给予保护神经、清除自由基及抗血小板抑制等治疗,实验组在对照组基础上联合阿替普酶静脉滴注。观察并比较治疗前后两组患者血清BNP,CRP及NSE水平的变化情况,以及临床疗效和并发症的发生率。结果:与治疗前相比,治疗后两组患者血清BNP,CRP及NSE水平均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,实验组患者治疗后血清BNP,CRP及NSE水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组总有效率(85.71%)明显高于对照组(65.71%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者颅内出血、再灌注损伤、血管再闭塞等并发症的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性大脑中动脉脑梗死的临床疗效显著,能够降低患者血清BNP,CRP及NSE水平。     

高压氧联合低剂量阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗老年急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效及对患者神经认知功能、凝血指标的影响

摘要 目的：评价高压氧（HBO）联合低剂量阿替普酶（rtPA）静脉溶栓治疗老年急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）的疗效及对患者神经认知功能、凝血指标的影响。方法：选入我院2020年1月~2022年12月收治的老年AIS患者60例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组予以HBO+标准剂量（0.9 mg/kg）rtPA静脉溶栓治疗,观察组采用HBO+低剂量（0.6 mg/kg）rtPA治疗。评价两组的治疗效果、神经认知功能及凝血指标等,并进行统计比较。结果：两组治疗总有效率无明显差异（P＞0.05）;与溶栓前比较,两组溶栓后24 h、7 d时的NIHSS显著下降、MMSE明显升高（P＜0.05）,但两组之间无明显差异（P＞0.05）;相较于溶栓前,两组溶栓后7 d时PT、APTT、TT、D-D不同程度增加,Fib明显下降（P＜0.05）,而观察组增加/下降幅度较小,与对照组差异显著（P＜0.05）;观察组出血率明显低于对照组（6.67% vs 26.67%,P＜0.05）;两组死亡率无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论：HBO联合低剂量与标准剂量rtPA静脉溶栓在改善AIS患者神经认知功能、临床疗效及死亡率方面效果相当,但低剂量对血凝功能影响小,同时出血发生风险低。     

定量脑电图联合PLR、NLR、MPV/PLT比值在急性脑梗死静脉溶栓治疗疗效和短期预后评估中的临床应用价值

摘要 目的：探究定量脑电图联合血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板平均体积(MPV)/血小板计数(PLT)比值在急性脑梗死（ACI）静脉溶栓治疗疗效和短期预后评估中的临床应用价值。方法：选择2019年10月-2022年10月于长沙市第一医院收治的119例ACI患者为研究对象,根据静脉溶栓治疗疗效分为溶栓治疗有效组和溶栓治疗无效组,对比两组的功率比指数（DTABR）、PLR、NLR、MPV/PLT比值变化;根据ACI患者预后情况分为预后良好组与预后不良组,单因素分析比较两组基线临床资料,多因素Logistic回归模型分析ACI静脉溶栓预后影响因素,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析各指标对ACI静脉溶栓预后的预测效能。结果：治疗后,溶栓治疗无效组DTABR、中性粒细胞计数、PLT、MPV、PLR、NLR、MPV/PLT比值显著高于溶栓治疗有效组（P＜0.05）,淋巴细胞计数显著低于溶栓治疗有效组（P＜0.05）。与预后良好组比较,预后不良组年龄、入院时美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)评分、溶栓24 h后NIHSS评分、高血压史占比、DTABR、中性粒细胞计数、PLT、MPV、PLR、NLR、MPV/PLT比值显著升高（P＜0.05）,淋巴细胞计数显著降低（P＜0.05）。Logistic回归模型,显示入院时及溶栓24 h后NIHSS评分升高、DTABR升高、PLR升高、NLR升高、MPV/PLT比值升高是ACI静脉溶栓预后不良的危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线显示,DTABR、PLR、NLR、MPV/PLT比值联合预测ACI静脉溶栓预后的效能较高。结论：定量脑电图DTABR、PLR、NLR、MPV/PLT比值与ACI静脉溶栓治疗疗效和短期预后关系密切,对于短期预后有较高的预测价值。     

Tissue plasminogen activator and acute pulmonary embolism

We assessed the efficacy and safety of peripheral intravenous recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in 47 patients with angiographically documented pulmonary embolism (PE). We administered 50 mg/2 h and, if necessary, an additional 40 mg/4 h. By 6 hours, 94% of the patients had angiographic evidence of clot lysis that was slight in 5, moderate in 12, and marked in 27 patients. Among the 34 patients with pulmonary hypertension prior to treatment, average pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 43/17 (27) to 31/13 (19) mm Hg (P less than 0.0001). The average lung scan perfusion defect decreased from 37% before therapy to 16% (P less than 0.01) after therapy among the 19 patients who had pre- and post-treatment lung scans. Of 7 patients with pre- and post-treatment imaging and Doppler echocardiograms, hypokinetic right ventricular wall movement (mild in 1, moderate in 2, and severe in 4) normalized in 5 and improved to mild hypokinesis in 2. Right ventricular diameter decreased from 3.9 +/- 1.0 to 2.0 +/- 0.5 cm (P less than 0.005). Fibrinogen decreased 33% from baseline at 2 h and 42% from baseline at 6 h. However, patients with the greatest degree of angiographic clot lysis at 2 h had a preponderance of fibrinogenolysis over fibrinolysis, demonstrated by a lower ratio of cross-linked fibrin degradation products to fibrin(ogen) degradation products (0.14 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.54 +/- 0.82) (P less than 0.04). Among selected patients, peripheral intravenous rt-PA is associated with rapid lysis of PE, improved pulmonary perfusion, and improved right ventricular function.     

Fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic effects of acyl urokinase and urokinase combinations in vitro

The in vitro thrombolytic and side effects of double-strand urokinase-type plasminogen activator (tcu-PA), p-guanidinobenzoyltcu-PA (GB-tcu-PA), and their combinations were compared. The reversible blocking of the active site stabilizes GB-tcu-PA in human plasma and results in longer thrombolysis and lesser side effects than those of tcu-PA. However, the acylated activator displays a marked lag period of thrombolytic action. GB-tcu-PA and tcuPA combinations (molar ratios 4: 1 and 1: 1) induce a prolonged and effective thrombolysis without the initial lag period at a low level of plasminogen, fibrinogen, and α₂-antiplasmin depletion in the plasma surrounding the clot.     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗发病4.5小时内急性脑梗死近期疗效的回顾性研究

目的:研究发病4.5小时内的急性脑梗死患者早期应用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2018年07月1日到2020年10月31日我院神经内科收治的发病在4.5小时内的652例急性脑梗死患者的临床资料,其中使用rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的患者285例为溶栓组,未溶栓仅使用抗血小板聚集、他汀类降脂、脑保护等常规治疗的患者367例为对照组。记录两组患者治疗前及治疗后24小时、7天、14天的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和治疗3个月后的改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分。对于有吞咽障碍的患者,收集洼田饮水试验结果。统计两组患者出血情况和死亡率。结果:溶栓组治疗后24小时、7天、14天的NIHSS评分以及治疗后3个月的mRS评分改善明显,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对于有吞咽障碍的患者,溶栓组的治疗有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);溶栓组轻微出血的概率大于对照组(P<0.05);两组在症状性及致死性脑出血方面的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);溶栓后大量及致死性脑出血部位多在梗死的中心区、出血量多大于10 mL,患者临床NIHSS评分≥24分。溶栓组死亡率较对照组下降(P<0.05)。结论:发病4.5小时内的急性脑梗死患者接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的近期治疗效果良好,轻微出血风险较高,但是死亡率下降。临床神经功能缺损重、NIHSS评分≥24分、出血风险大的患者预后不良,不推荐溶栓治疗。