置管溶栓与药物机械溶栓对急性下肢深静脉血栓的临床疗效对比

摘要 目的：对比分析置管溶栓（CDT）与药物机械溶栓（PMT）对急性下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）的安全性与有效性。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月在重庆医科大学附属巴南医院的98例单侧DVT患者临床资料,依据不同的治疗方式分为药物机械溶栓组（PMT组）48例和置管溶栓组（CDT组）50例,对比分析两组患者的围手术期指标、治疗后患侧大腿消肿率和小腿消肿率、血栓溶解率、并发症发生率及术后1年的PTS发生率。结果：PMT组患者的尿激酶使用量及住院时间较CDT组显著缩短,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但术中出血较CDT组显著增加,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,PMT组患者的患肢消肿率和血栓溶解率显著高于CDT组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,两组患者的并发症发生率及术后1年的深静脉血栓形成后遗症发生（PTS）率无显著统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：PMT比CDT具有更好的患肢消肿率及血栓溶解率,且PMT治疗能显著缩短住院时间及减少尿激酶用量,但两者的围手术期并发症发生率及术后1年PTS发生率无显著差异。     

高压氧联合低剂量阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗老年急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效及对患者神经认知功能、凝血指标的影响

摘要 目的：评价高压氧（HBO）联合低剂量阿替普酶（rtPA）静脉溶栓治疗老年急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）的疗效及对患者神经认知功能、凝血指标的影响。方法：选入我院2020年1月~2022年12月收治的老年AIS患者60例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组予以HBO+标准剂量（0.9 mg/kg）rtPA静脉溶栓治疗,观察组采用HBO+低剂量（0.6 mg/kg）rtPA治疗。评价两组的治疗效果、神经认知功能及凝血指标等,并进行统计比较。结果：两组治疗总有效率无明显差异（P＞0.05）;与溶栓前比较,两组溶栓后24 h、7 d时的NIHSS显著下降、MMSE明显升高（P＜0.05）,但两组之间无明显差异（P＞0.05）;相较于溶栓前,两组溶栓后7 d时PT、APTT、TT、D-D不同程度增加,Fib明显下降（P＜0.05）,而观察组增加/下降幅度较小,与对照组差异显著（P＜0.05）;观察组出血率明显低于对照组（6.67% vs 26.67%,P＜0.05）;两组死亡率无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论：HBO联合低剂量与标准剂量rtPA静脉溶栓在改善AIS患者神经认知功能、临床疗效及死亡率方面效果相当,但低剂量对血凝功能影响小,同时出血发生风险低。     

rt-PA动脉溶栓联合血管内支架成形术对早期急性脑梗死患者纤溶系统和血清神经功能损伤指标的影响

摘要 目的：探讨重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活物（rt-PA）动脉溶栓联合血管内支架成形术治疗早期急性脑梗死（ACI）的疗效及对纤溶系统和血清神经功能损伤指标的影响。方法：选取我院2018年9月~2021年3月间接收的80例早期ACI患者。根据随机数字表法分为对照组38例（rt-PA动脉溶栓治疗）和研究组42例（rt-PA动脉溶栓联合血管内支架成形术治疗）。对比两组血管再通情况、纤溶系统和血清神经功能损伤指标变化、日常生活能力量表（ADL）及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分,观察两组预后情况。结果：研究组的血管完全再通率高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后1 d、治疗后7 d、治疗后3个月NIHSS评分低于对照组,ADL评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗7 d后血管性假血友病因子（vWF）、血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（PAI-1）低于对照组,组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（tPA）高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗7 d后胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S100β蛋白低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组患者的再发脑梗死率、死亡率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：rt-PA动脉溶栓联合血管内支架成形术治疗早期ACI患者,可改善患者近远期疗效和预后,有效调节纤溶系统,减轻机体神经功能损伤,提高患者日常生活能力。     

远端血管通路导管治疗急性脑梗死对血清Adropin蛋白、载脂蛋白A1的影响

摘要 目的：探讨远端血管通路导管治疗急性脑梗死对血清Adropin蛋白、载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）的影响。方法：将2018年6月到2021年4月选择在本院急诊的急性脑梗死患者84例作为研究对象,根据随机信封1:1抽签原则把患者分为导管组与支架组,各42例。支架组给予支架溶栓治疗,导管组给予远端血管通路导管治疗,比较两组手术相关指标、mTICI分级情况、脑血液流变学变化以及血清Adropin、ApoA1含量等指标。结果：导管组的导引导管到位时间、血管获得再通时间均较支架组少（P<0.05）;导管组治疗后1个月的血管灌注改良脑梗死溶栓试验（mTICI）分级优于支架组（P<0.05）;两组颅脑椎动脉与基底动脉血流速度治疗前均无差异（P>0.05）,治疗后两组的颅脑椎动脉与基底动脉血流速度高于治疗前（P<0.05）,导管组较支架组高（P<0.05）;两组血清Adropin、ApoA1含量治疗前对比无差异（P>0.05）,治疗后两组的血清Adropin、ApoA1含量较治疗前高（P<0.05）,导管组较支架组高（P<0.05）。结论：远端血管通路导管治疗急性脑梗死可加快手术操作改善患者的血管灌注分级情况,促进血清Adropin、ApoA1的释放,有利于患者脑动脉血流速度的恢复。     

阳和膏湿热敷治疗乳腺增生症的前瞻性随机对照研究

摘要 目的：观察阳和膏湿热敷治疗乳腺增生症的临床应用价值。方法：根据随机数字表法将湖南中医药大学第一附属医院2020年3月~2021年11月期间接收的97例乳腺增生症患者分为对照组（安慰剂治疗）和研究组（阳和膏湿热敷治疗）,例数分别为48例和49例。对比两组疗效、激素指标、乳腺增生相关临床指标、疼痛情况及不良反应发生率。结果：研究组的临床总有效率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组视觉疼痛模拟评分法（VAS）评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组乳腺腺体厚径、乳腺导管最粗管径、乳房肿块硬度评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组血清雌二醇（E₂）、催乳素（PRL）水平较对照组低,而血清孕酮（P）水平较对照组高（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：阳和膏湿热敷治疗乳腺增生症疗效显著,可促进症状改善,缩小乳腺腺体厚径、乳腺导管最粗管径,降低乳房肿块硬度,同时还可调节E₂、P、PRL分泌,安全可靠。     

视网膜激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞疗效及对IOP、CMT影响

摘要 目的：探讨视网膜激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞疗效及对眼内压（intraocular Pressure,IOP）、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度（central Macular Thickness,CMT）影响。方法：选取2017年4月-2019年9月我院收治的80例视网膜静脉阻塞患者作为研究对象,随机将其分为两组,对照组40例,给予球旁注射曲安奈德注射液治疗;研究组40例,给予视网膜激光光凝治疗。观察两组患者临床疗效、治疗前后IOP、CMT以及最佳矫正视力（best Corrected Visual Acuity,BCVA）。结果：研究组总有效率显著高于对照组（97.50 % vs 77.50 %,P＜0.05）;治疗前,两组IOP、CMT、BCVA水平比较无差异（P>0.05）,治疗后研究组明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：视网膜激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞疗效显著,能有效的改善患者IOP、CMT以及BCVA水平,具有一定的临床意义,值得临床推广和应用。     

腹主动脉球囊置入术治疗凶险性前置胎盘疗效和对血清AFP、CK表达以及手术结局的影响

摘要 目的：探讨与分析腹主动脉球囊置入术治疗凶险性前置胎盘疗效和对血清AFP、CK表达以及手术结局的影响。方法：将2019年1月到2021年12月在本院住院剖宫产的凶险性前置胎盘产妇153例作为研究对象,对照组48例为剖宫产术,研究组105例为剖宫产术前行腹主动脉球囊置入术。检测两组血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）、肌酸激酶（CK）表达水平,记录手术结局。结果：所有产妇都顺利完成治疗与分娩,无死亡产妇与新生儿。研究组的产后出血量较对照组低（P<0.05）,而产前出血量在两组对比无差异（P>0.05）。两组新生儿体重对比无差异（P>0.05）,研究组的1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分较对照组高,而呼吸窘迫综合征发生率较对照组低（P<0.05）。两组手术后3 d的血清AFP与CK含量明显低于术前,研究组也显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组出院时的满意度为94.29 %,明显高于对照组的79.17 %（P<0.05）。结论：腹主动脉球囊置入术治疗凶险性前置胎盘能促进降低血清AFP与CK含量,能促进产妇与新生儿恢复健康,提高产妇的满意度。     

经皮导管接触溶栓腔内治疗与标准抗凝治疗用于急性下肢深静脉血栓的临床效果比较

目的:分析和比较经皮导管接触溶栓腔内治疗与单纯标准抗凝治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床效果的安全性。方法:回顾性分析93例中央型(髂股静脉)和混合型(全下肢深静脉)深静脉血栓患者临床资料,根据治疗方法的不同分为导管溶栓治疗组(试验组)65例、单纯抗凝治疗组(对照组)28例,比较两组患者治疗后患肢消肿率、下肢深静脉血栓的溶栓率及并发症的发生率。结果:治疗后,试验组患者患肢大腿消肿率[(83.03±4.53)%]显著高于对照组[(50.42±7.41)%](P0.05);患肢小腿消肿率[(76.48±8.24)%]亦显著高于对照组(54.95±8.14)%(P0.05)。试验组患者下肢深静脉血栓溶栓有效率为92.31%(60/65),显著高于对照组[14.29%(4/28)](P0.05)。随访半年后,试验组患者下肢血管的通畅率为90.67%(57/65),PTS率为7.69%(5/65);而对照组患者下肢血管的通畅率为21.42%(6/28),PTS率为14.28%(4/28)。试验组血管通畅率明显高于对照组(P0.05),而PTS发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者并发症发生率比较差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经皮导管接触溶栓腔内治疗急性中央型和混合型下肢深静脉血栓的短期疗效优于单纯抗凝治疗,且两种方法的安全性相当。     

全冠修复联合牙合贴面修复治疗牙体缺损疗效及对抗折强度影响

摘要 目的：探讨全冠修复联合牙合贴面修复治疗牙体缺损疗效及对抗折强度影响。方法：选取我院口腔科2018年6月至2020年6月收治的牙体缺损患者80例,将其随机分为研究组和对照组,每组患者40例,研究组应用全冠修复联合牙合贴面修复治疗,对照组只应用全冠修复治疗,对比两组的治疗效果、美观、固定及咀嚼功能、折裂载荷值以及不良反应情况。结果：研究组的治疗总有效率显著高于对照组（95.05 % vs.80.0 %,P＜0.05）;研究组的美观、固定及咀嚼功能明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组的折裂载荷值明显好于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组发生不良反应的概率明显低于对照组（5.0 % vs. 22.5 %,P＜0.05）。结论：利用全冠修复联合牙合贴面修复治疗牙体缺损效果优于单纯全冠修复,抗折强度较高,美观、固定及咀嚼功能好,安全性好,值得临床应用推广。     

定量脑电图联合PLR、NLR、MPV/PLT比值在急性脑梗死静脉溶栓治疗疗效和短期预后评估中的临床应用价值

摘要 目的：探究定量脑电图联合血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板平均体积(MPV)/血小板计数(PLT)比值在急性脑梗死（ACI）静脉溶栓治疗疗效和短期预后评估中的临床应用价值。方法：选择2019年10月-2022年10月于长沙市第一医院收治的119例ACI患者为研究对象,根据静脉溶栓治疗疗效分为溶栓治疗有效组和溶栓治疗无效组,对比两组的功率比指数（DTABR）、PLR、NLR、MPV/PLT比值变化;根据ACI患者预后情况分为预后良好组与预后不良组,单因素分析比较两组基线临床资料,多因素Logistic回归模型分析ACI静脉溶栓预后影响因素,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析各指标对ACI静脉溶栓预后的预测效能。结果：治疗后,溶栓治疗无效组DTABR、中性粒细胞计数、PLT、MPV、PLR、NLR、MPV/PLT比值显著高于溶栓治疗有效组（P＜0.05）,淋巴细胞计数显著低于溶栓治疗有效组（P＜0.05）。与预后良好组比较,预后不良组年龄、入院时美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)评分、溶栓24 h后NIHSS评分、高血压史占比、DTABR、中性粒细胞计数、PLT、MPV、PLR、NLR、MPV/PLT比值显著升高（P＜0.05）,淋巴细胞计数显著降低（P＜0.05）。Logistic回归模型,显示入院时及溶栓24 h后NIHSS评分升高、DTABR升高、PLR升高、NLR升高、MPV/PLT比值升高是ACI静脉溶栓预后不良的危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线显示,DTABR、PLR、NLR、MPV/PLT比值联合预测ACI静脉溶栓预后的效能较高。结论：定量脑电图DTABR、PLR、NLR、MPV/PLT比值与ACI静脉溶栓治疗疗效和短期预后关系密切,对于短期预后有较高的预测价值。     

Enteric release of vasoactive intestinal peptide after a peptone meal in the dog

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma from portal and peripheral venous blood obtained from six alert, non-anesthetized dogs before and after gastric infusion of a 10% peptone meal. Mean basal portal and cephalic vein plasma VIP concentrations were $\text{42 ± 11.7}$ and $\text{42 ± 8.0}\text{(S.E.M.) pg/ml}$, respectively. No significant changes in peripheral venous plasma VIP concentrations were noted after the peptone meal throughout the duration of the collection period. In contrast, however, the mean VIP concentration in portal plasma increased promptly after the peptone meal with a peak of $\text{79 ± 8.2}\text{pg/ml}$ ($\text{P < 0.02}$) occurring 8 min after infusion of the meal. This was followed by a gradual decline in portal plasma VIP levels, with a return to prefeeding concentrations at 60 min ($\text{44 ± 6.3}\text{pg/ml}$). Results of these studies demonstrate that following gastric infusion of a peptone meal in the dog, portal, but not peripheral, plasma VIP concentrations increase significantly. Failure to detect augmentation of peripheral vein VIP levels after the meal is probably due to hepatic clearance of VIP.     

兔脑皮质静脉闭塞后脑组织Caspase-3活性的变化

目的观察兔脑皮质静脉闭塞后Caspase-3活性的变化。方法采用电凝法制作兔脑皮质引流静脉急性闭塞模型,琼脂糖凝胶电泳、荧光实时定量PCR和Western印迹检测Caspase-3表达。结果脑皮质静脉闭塞后8hCaspase-3活性已升高,24h达高峰,48h明显下降。结论细胞凋亡是脑缺血后脑损伤发生机制,Caspase-3蛋白参与了皮质静脉闭塞后脑缺血后神经元损伤的病理过程。     

超声定位穿静脉结扎对下肢静脉性溃疡术后愈合影响的临床研究

目的:观察下肢静脉性溃疡患者穿静脉功能不全情况,探讨超声定位下肢穿静脉结扎对下肢静脉性溃疡术后疗效的影响。方法:40例大隐静脉曲张患者随机分成两组:A组采用大隐静脉高位结扎、静脉腔内微波射频闭合术及超声定位穿静脉结扎治疗,B组采用大隐静脉高位结扎和静脉腔内微波射频闭合术治疗。观察两组患者治疗后静脉性溃疡的愈合时间、复发率及瓣膜功能不全穿静脉数量部位,并比较两组患者临床预后评分。结果:术前两组瓣膜功能不全穿静脉数量分别是47条和44条,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.5520)。术后两组愈合时间分别是(7.5±4.389)周和(11.6±6.489)周,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.048)。两组临床预后评分分别为(2.3±0.6)分和(1.1±1.5)分,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.042)。结论:多普勒超声可有效检测定位瓣膜功能不全的下肢穿静脉,在超声定位下行大隐静脉高位结扎、静脉腔内微波射频闭合术联合穿静脉结扎治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的疗效优于穿静脉不结扎。     

Analysis of finger vein variety in patients with various diseases using vein authentication technology

In finger vein authentication technology, near‐infrared rays penetrate the finger and are absorbed by the hemoglobin in blood. The veins appear as dark areas. The finger vein pattern images of patients with various diseases were acquired; a new evaluation method applying image processing technique (“E value”) was developed, and it was examined whether the patterns have any characteristics differentiating them from those of healthy volunteers. As a result, low E values appeared in systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjögren's syndrome, and polymyositis/dermatomyositis. No statistical reduction in E value was shown in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, pernio (without rheumatic diseases), arteriosclerosis obliterans, diabetes, hypertension, hypothyroidism and alopecia areata. This technology could be used for screening and evaluation of some diseases and their conditions with impaired peripheral venous circulation. E value may be useful as an indicator of venous circulation.      

Association of the left common ostium with clinical outcome after pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation

IntroductionElectrical pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is used for the invasive treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, despite the procedure’s technical evolution, the rate of AF recurrence due to electrical reconnection of the PVs is high. The aims of this study was to assess the influence of left common pulmonary venous ostium (LCO) on clinical outcomes following PVI.MethodsRetrospective cohort of 254 patients who underwent the first procedure of PVI from the years 2013–2018 was assessed. Patients with persistent AF of long duration and extra-pulmonary focus associated with triggers for arrhythmia were excluded. Patients were stratified into two groups according to the presence of a LCO and received follow up for atrial tachyarrhythmia-free survival. The mean follow-up period was 28 ± 1.73 months.ResultsThe majority were men (68.5%), with a mean age of 54 ± 12 years. With respect to the atrial anatomy, LCO occurred in 23.6% of cases after pulmonary venous angiotomography. The arrhythmia-free survival rate was 79.5% in the follow-up period. The Cox regression model was utilized and the adjusted hazard ratio for LCO was 0.36 (95% CI 0.15–0.87; p = 0.02) in terms of age, body mass index, left atrium diameter, bi-directional blocking of the cavotricuspid isthmus, persistent AF, left ventricular ejection fraction adjusted model.ConclusionAnatomic abnormality with the presence of the LCO is present in a quarter of patients undergoing AF ablation, which is associated with a lower rate of arrhythmia recurrence in our population.     

Internal Jugular/Subclavian Venous Access In Electrophysiology Study And Ablation

Multiple venous accesses are required for catheter placement during electrophysiology study and ablation. Internal jugular/subclavian venous access, though restricted nowadays, can be important in difficult situations.     

First Report of a Strain of Alternanthera yellow vein virus Infecting Eclipta prostrate (L.) L. (Compositae) in China

In 2005, Eclipta prostrata plants exhibiting yellow vein symptoms were observed in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China. A virus isolate G8 was cloned from a symptomatic plant. The complete nucleotide sequence of G8 DNA-A was determined to be 2745 nucleotides, which had typical characteristics of Begomovirus genome organization. The comparison of complete nucleotide sequence of DNA-A showed that isolate G8 shared the highest sequence identity with Alternanthera yellow vein virus (AlYVV) isolates G38 and Hn51 at 95.9% and 94.3%, respectively. These results show that G8 infecting E. prostrata in Guangdong is a strain of AlYVV.     

Relationships among element contents in the internal jugular vein similar to the arteries

To elucidate compositional changes of the veins with aging, the authors investigated the relationships among element contents in the internal jugular veins, in which a higher accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred with aging. The subjects consisted of 15 men and 10 women, ranging in age from 40 to 98 yr. The element contents of the internal jugular veins were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. It was found that there were extremely significant direct correlations among the contents of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium in the internal jugular vein. In addition, very significant direct correlations were also found both between zinc and either iron or silicon contents and between sulfur and iron contents in the vein. As calcium and phosphorus increased in the internal jugular vein, the mass ratios of Mg/Ca and Mg/P decreased gradually in the vein, whereas the mass ratio of Ca/P hardly decreased. These results indicated that with regard to both the relationships among the contents of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium and the changes of the mass ratios of Mg/Ca and Mg/P, the internal jugular vein was very similar to the arteries.     

改良曲张静脉点式剥除术治疗中老年下肢静脉曲张的临床疗效

目的:探究改良曲张静脉点式剥除术在治疗中老年下肢静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法:收集我院已确诊为下肢静脉曲张的中老年患者37例,分成实验组与对照组。对照组18例行传统曲张静脉点式剥除术,实验组19例行改良曲张静脉点式剥除术。对比两组患者手术后的下肢静脉曲张的治疗效果。结果:实验组有效率(94.7%)显著高于对照组(72.2%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者手术时间较短、术中出血量较少、下床活动时间较早,术后并发症总治愈率较高,复发率、术后并发症发生率较低,其差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用改良曲张静脉点式剥除术治疗中老年下肢静脉曲张的患者能够更彻底的剥除曲张额静脉,有效的改善患肢症状,明显降低复发率。     

Regulation of cell cycle entry by PTEN in smooth muscle cell proliferation of human coronary artery bypass conduits

Proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is the key event in the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia (IH) leading to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) occlusion. The saphenous vein (SV) conduits are often affected by IH, while the internal mammary artery (IMA) conduits remain remarkably patent. SMC proliferation is mediated by the cell cycle, under the control of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), cdk-inhibitors and the retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Early passage of the SMCs through the cell cycle involves crossing the non-reversible G₁ checkpoint, the restriction (R) point. In this study, we investigated the effect of mitogenic insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 stimulation on the R-point and its relationship with the phosphorylation of Rb protein and the cdk inhibitors p21 and p27 in SV and IMA SMCs. We observed no change in the R-point following IGF-1 activation in either SV or IMA SMCs. However, Rb-phosphorylation occurred much earlier and was quantitatively greater in SV SMCs than IMA. Overexpression of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in SV SMCs followed by IGF-1 activation significantly decreased the expression of cyclin E and pRb and induced p27 expression in SV SMCs, while, pRb levels were markedly decreased and p27 levels were significantly increased in IMA SMCs. Silencing the PTEN gene by siRNA transfection of IMA SMCs significantly induced the expression of pRb and inhibited p27 expression, while, the expression levels of cyclin E, pRb, p21 and p27 were unaffected by the silencing of PTEN in SV SMCs. These results demonstrate that the PTEN plays a critical role in regulating cell cycle entry. Therefore, overexpression of PTEN possibly by means of gene therapy could be a viable option in regulating the cell cycle in SV SMCs in the treatment of vein graft disease.