案例教学法结合多媒体教学法在超声专业教学中的应用研究

目的:研究案例教学法结合多媒体教学法在超声专业教学中的应用效果。方法:选择2015年3月到2017年3月在我院超声科实习的112名医学院学生进行研究,按照随机数字表法将医学生分成观察组及对照组,各56例,对照组采用传统教学法实施教学,观察组则采用案例教学法以及多媒体教学法实施综合教学,在每学期末,统计并对比两组学生理论成绩和实践成绩,以及两组学生对教学方式的满意度。结果:观察组的理论成绩和实践成绩各项目分值均分别明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组学生对教学方式的满意度为98.21%,明显高于对照组的87.50%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:案例教学法与多媒体教学法的综合应用能够有效提升超声专业学生的理论成绩和实践成绩,还可改善其对教学方式的满意度,效果较好,临床超声教学可考虑将此种教学方式进行广泛推广,从而更有利于培养专业人才。     

Childhood brain tumours,early infections and immune stimulation: A pooled analysis of the ESCALE and ESTELLE case-control studies (SFCE,France)

BackgroundFew studies have investigated whether early infections and factors potentially related to early immune stimulation might be involved in the aetiology of childhood brain tumours (CBT). In this study, we investigated the associations between CBT with early day-care attendance, history of early common infections, atopic conditions (asthma/wheezing, eczema, allergic rhinitis), early farm residence/visits and contact with animals.MethodsWe pooled data from two nationwide French case-control studies, the ESCALE and ESTELLE studies. Children with a CBT diagnosed between 1 and 14 years of age were identified directly from the French National Registry of Childhood Cancers, while population controls were recruited from telephone subscribers. Odds-ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsThe analyses included 469 cases and 2719 controls. We found no association between attending a day-care centre (OR: 0.9, 95%CI: 0.7–1.2) or having had repeated common infections (OR: 0.9, 95%CI: 0.7–1.2) in the first year of life and the risk of CBT. There was also no association with a history of asthma/wheezing (OR: 0.8, 95%CI: 0.56–1.1). Farm visits (OR: 0.6, 95%CI: 0.5–0.8) as well as contact with pets (OR: 0.8, 95%CI: 0.6–1.0) in the first year of life were inversely associated with CBT.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a protective effect of early farm visits and contact with pets, but not with other markers of early immune stimulation. This might be related to immune stimulation but needs further investigation.     

First report of leaf spot disease caused by Corynespora torulosa MCC-1368 on cotton plant from India

In present study, the leaf spot disease of cotton plant emerged in the North Maharashtra region of India was reported. The fungal phytopathogen associated with inducing the leaf spot disease symptoms was isolated and characterised. The isolated fungus was identified as Corynespora torulosa (Deposition accession number, MCC-1368; Genbank accession no. MF462072) based on morphological and cultural characteristics and molecular analysis of ITS region. The pathogenicity of fungal phytopathogen was verified by Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of incidence of leaf spot disease caused by Corynespora torulosa on cotton plant.     

Protein composition of human submandibular secretions

The protein composition of human submandibular saliva obtained from a single donor has been investigated, and 21 proteins have been resolved. On Sephadex G-100, submandibular secretions (unstimulated) separated into four fractions, I, II, III, and IV. Each fraction was analyzed further by isoelectric focusing and disc gel electrophoresis. The major components detected in each fraction along with their isoelectric point (pI) are as follows: I, blood group specific substance (2.3), immunoglobulin A (5.0–6.0), and immunoglobulin G (4.5–6.5); II, albumin (4.9), two glycoproteins (5.0), and acid phosphatase (5.2); III, three phosphoproteins (4.3–4.4), isoamylase 1A (5.9), isoamylase 1B (6.4), unidentified protein (7.1), lysozyme (>10), and a basic protein (>10); and IV, isoamylase 2A (5.9) and isoamylase 2B (6.4). Isoamylase 1A and IB are glycoproteins. Stimulated submandibular secretions were also resolved into four protein fractions by gel filtration. Fraction III, compared with unstimulated secretions, showed the greatest percent increase in protein. Analysis of this fraction by disc gel electrophoresis demonstrated the presence of four protein bands which were not detected in the unstimulated secretion. One of these proteins is tentatively identified as a phosphoprotein and two as basic proteins (pI > 10). The protein composition of submandibular, parotid, and sublingual secretions is compared.     

工作月报制在现代医疗管理中的应用与探索

“痕迹管理”是现代医院管理工作客观要求,北京大学第一医院建立了医疗管理工作月度报告制度,以《医疗管理工作日度报告》为载体,加强医疗管理处室内部组织以及医疗管理团队间的协作,提升了医院医疗管理水平。     

基于标准病例的案例教学法在普外科见习教学中的应用探讨

目的:探讨基于标准病例(SP)的案例教学法(CBL)在普外科见习教学中的应用效果。方法:选取2014年6月至2015年6月我院见习的五年制临床本科医学生共112人,利用随机数字表的方法将其分为对照组和研究组,两组人数各56人。对研究组采取基于SP的CBL教学法,而对照组则使用传统临床带教方法,1个月后对理论、技能进行评价,并对学生和教师的满意进行问卷调查。结果:在技能考核和病例分析方面,研究组学生的得分显著高于对照组(P0.05),理论成绩无明显差异(P0.05)。对学生满意度的调查中,在"课堂气氛活跃"、"对学习兴趣的激发"、"利于理论与实践结合"以及"有利于形成正确临床思维"四个方面,研究组的满意度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在对教师满意度调查中,认为试验组教学法的效率要高于对照组教学法(P0.05),而在"易实施性"满意度低于对照组教学法(P0.05),在"可操作性"方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与传统教学模式比较,基于SP的CBL教学法具有显著的优势,能更直观的展示某种疾病的特征,使学生通过实践巩固对基础知识的记忆,值得进一步探索并推广。     

Orbital Dirofilariasis in Iran: A Case Report

Dirofilariasis is a common parasitic disease in both domestic and wild animals around the world, with canines as the principal reservoir host and mosquitoes as the vector. Human ophthalmic dirofilariasis is an uncommon condition, but there have been reports from many parts of the world, including Africa, Australia, the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Ophthalmic involvement with Dirofilaria may present itself as periorbital, subconjunctival, orbital, or intraocular infections. In this report, we present a case of orbital dirofilariasis with lateral rectus muscle involvement. To our knowledge, this is the first orbital dirofilariasis case reported in Iran. Although debulking of the tumor usually leads to resolution, our patient showed an episode of recurrence after biopsy. Complete recovery was achieved after a spontaneous discharge, without the need for systemic medication.     

巧用案例与问题法提高发酵工程工艺原理教学效果

结合在发酵工程工艺原理教学中的实践,阐述了巧用具体案例及围绕问题组织教学的意义、具体实施过程以及所达到的教学效果。结果表明,巧用列举案例法、讲评案例法、讨论案例法及问题教学法可强化课堂教学知识的运用和掌握,有利于理论联系实际,便于提高学生自主学习意识,有利于提高学习兴趣以及提高教学效果。     

Cystic echinococcosis of the pelvic bone with recurrences: a case report

Hydatid cysts commonly affect the liver and the lung. However, they rarely involve bones with vertebral column. We hereby report a case of a female patient with cystic echinococcosis of the hip bone and ilium. She presented with a long history of frequent recurrences highlighting the dismal prognosis at this rare site. Resection of the hydatid cyst from the sacroiliac region was done with allograft and autograft (rib graft) with lumbosacroiliac fixation. Follow-up of the patient at 6 months showed no detectable abnormality on radiology and the patient was doing well.