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81.
Wolfgang Rössler 《Cell and tissue research》1992,269(3):505-514
Summary The postembryonic development of the morphology and anatomy of the complex tibial organ in the foreleg of the bushcricket Ephippiger ephippiger is described. All the receptor cells are present in the subgenual organ, the intermediate organ and the crista acustica in the 1st larval instar. Generally, even in the 1st instar, the arrangement of the scolopidia in the three organs resembles the adult structure. The acoustic trachea, the tympana, the tympanal covers and the acoustic spiracle develop step by step in subsequent instars. The acoustic trachea resembles the adult structure for the first time in the 4th instar, although its volume is still small. The auditory threshold curves recorded from the tympanal nerve in instars 4, 5 and 6 show the same frequency maxima as those in the adult. The overall sensitivity significantly increases after the final moult. The dimensions of structures that lie within the crista acustica and that are probably involved in stimulus transduction and in frequency tuning have been analysed. The dorsal wall of the anterior trachea, the tectorial membrane and the cap cells have similar dimensions, especially in the last three instars and in adults. 相似文献
82.
Tjakko Abee Jan Knol Klaas J. Hellingwerf Evert P. Bakker Annette Siebers Wil N. Konings 《Archives of microbiology》1992,158(5):374-380
Cells of the purple non-sulphur bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides express a high-affinity K+ uptake system when grown in media with low K+ concentrations. Antibodies againts the catalytic KdpB protein or the whole KdpABC complex of Escherichia coli crossreact with a 70.0 kDa R. sphaeroides protein that was expressed only in cells grown in media with low K+ concentrations. In membranes derived from R. sphaeroides cells grown with low K+ concentrations (induced cells), a high ATPase activity could be detected when assayed in Tris-HCl pH 8.0 containing 1 mM MgSO4. This ATPase activity increased upon addition of 1 mM KCl from 166 to 289 mol ATP hydrolysed x min-1 x g protein-1 (1.7-fold stimulation). The K+-stimulated ATPase activity was inhibited approximately 93% by 0.5 mM vanadate but hardly by N,N-dicyclohexylcarbo-diimide (DCCD). These results indicate that the inducible K+-ATPase in R. sphaeroides resembles the Kdp K+-translocating ATPase of Escherichia coli. This Kdp-like transport system is also expressed in R. capsulatus and Rhodospirillum rubrum during growth in media with low K+ concentrations suggesting a wide distribution of this transport system among phototrophic bacteria.Abbreviations
electrical potential difference across the cytoplasmic membrane
- pH
pH difference across the cytoplasmic membrane
- BSA
bovine serum albumine
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- HEPES
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine-ethanesulfonic acid
- PMSF
phenyl-methyl-sulfonyl fluoride
- DCCD
N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- AIB
2--aminoisobutyric acid
- TMG
methyl--d-thiogalactopyranoside 相似文献
83.
Mating system of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract.
- 1 We report on the mating system of a field population of the parasitic wasp, Bracon hebetor, on a corn pile infested by the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. We demonstrate that the mating system is based upon male scramble competition polygyny with male aggregations on high places on the corn.
- 2 The sex ratio among adults was greater than 80% males on the surface of the corn, whereas below the surface the sex ratio was less than 45%. Males actively courted females on the surface, but there were no aggressive interactions among males during courtship or mating.
- 3 Approximately 20% of the females found on the surface of the corn had no sperm in their spermathecae, regardless of age, but the numbers of unmated females decreased later during the day.
- 4 In laboratory studies we showed that females from this population oviposit a female biassed sex ratio, and that only 14% of females were mated before dispersing from their place of emergence.
- 5 Thus sib-mating is unlikely in this gregarious parasitoid. This outcrossing mating system probably arose because of severe inbreeding depression that B.hebetor suffers via a sex locus: diploids that are heterozygous at the sex locus develop into females, but homozygous diploids are male and are generally inviable. The female biassed sex ratio may have evolved in B. hebetor in response to males being the more expensive sex, females dispersing more frequently from the population than males, or a fraction of females remaining unmated in the population.
84.
S. Delventhal A. Brandis H. Ostertag R. Pabst 《Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology》1992,62(1):271-274
The relevance of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in man is still under discussion. Animal experiments indicate
that the development of BALT is dependent on microbial stimulation. Therefore, the incidence of BALT was investigated retrospectively
in specimens removed during surgical procedures on patients with chronic pulmonary inflammation. All these patients had severe
chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis, but BALT was found in only 8%. In patients with BALT and a malignant tumor, occlusion
of a bronchus with poststenotic pneumonia was always present and BALT was observed exclusively in areas peripheral to the
occlusion. In man other compartments of the lung must be responsible for the immune function of BALT found in animals.
Partly presented at the Congress of the Eur. Respir. Soc, 21.- 26.9.1991 in Brussels. (Abstract: Eur Respir J. 4, Suppl. 14:217p) 相似文献
85.
Günter Kämper 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1992,170(1):49-55
Summary Mechanical oscillation properties of cricket (Acheta domesticus) filiform hair sensilla were measured at different larval stages, as an indication of larval sensory capacities and for comparison with data in the literature on central nervous changes during development. The hairs were stimulated by airborne vibration over a frequency range of 10 to 220 Hz. Best frequency, angular displacement at best frequency, slope of angular-displacement tuning curve and phase of hair deflection relative to air particle velocity were tested for correlation with hair length, which is proportional to the age of a sensillum. The ranges found for the various oscillation parameters in early larval stages were similar to or larger than those in adults. Oscillation properties changed with both the developmental stage of the hair sensilla and that of the whole animal. Four individually identifiable hair sensilla were analysed separately; the sensory neurons of two of them are known to change synaptic properties during maturation. Angular displacement at a given stimulus intensity was maximal for all hairs after differentiation, and decreased during further development. The hairs did not show clear common changes for any of the other oscillation parameters. Yet particular changes were found for individual hairs. 相似文献
86.
The sex expression inThymelaea hirsuta was assessed in five habitats in the western Mediterranean desert of Egypt. The survey over two main flowering periods indicated that the sexual expression of this plant is complex and labile. Beside the dioecious male and female states, five monoecious states were detected. The dioecious states are more abundant and less labile. There is a clear shift from monoecious towards dioecious states and in general favour of males from the first (late autumn) to the second (late winter) flowering period. These results are discussed in view of the adaptive theories and evolution. 相似文献
87.
M. Rosario Rodicio Miguel A. Alvarez Keith F. Chater 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1991,225(1):142-147
Summary IS112
is a transposable element identified in Streptomyces albus G by its frequent mutagenic insertion into the genes for the SalI restriction-modification system. IS112 is present in several copies in the genome of S. albus G. Homologous sequences were detected in other Streptomyces strains. Sequence analysis revealed that IS112 has a length of 883 by with a GC content of 67.4%. The copy that was isolated contained imperfect inverted repeats (16/20 match) at its ends and was flanked by a 2 by duplication at the target site, which was located within the gene (salIR) for the Sall endonuclease. A long open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative polypeptide of 256-253 amino acids spans almost the entire sequence. Significant homology was detected between this polypeptide and that corresponding to ORFB of IS493, an insertion sequence recently isolated from Streptomyces lividans 66.
相似文献
相似文献
88.
D. S. DOMOZYCH 《Plant, cell & environment》1991,14(4):391-398
Abstract. The highly complex and symmetric endomembrane network of the chlamydomonad alga, Gloeomonas kupferri , can be disrupted by the herbicide, isopropyl N-phenyl carbamate (IPC). Upon incubation with IPC for between 30 min and 1 h, curling of the dictyosomes, proliferation of small vesicles from the trans face and swelling of the peripheral vacuolar complex takes place. Longer treatments result in degeneration of dictyosome cisternae into vesicular masses and the formation of supervacuolar complexes. Enzyme cytochemistry revealed that endomembrane 'marker' enzymes are altered/inhibited by IPC. A second but striking I PC-induced effect is the production of branched, fibrillar inclusions in the cell nucleus. A discussion of I PC-induced affects on ion regulation and microtubule/MTOC distribution in the cell is presented. 相似文献
89.
Michel A. Haring Steve Scofield Marianne J. Teeuwen-de Vroomen Gerjan S. Leuring H. John J. Nijkamp Jacques Hille 《Plant molecular biology》1991,17(5):995-1004
A Tam3 two-element system has been designed by combining an immobilized Tam3 element with a non-autonomous dTam3 element inserted into the HPT gene. The phenotypic assay employed, restored hygromycin resistance, indicated thattrans-activation of the non-autonomous dTam3 element occurred. Molecular analyses of the excision sites revealed that the ends of the dTam3 element remain in the empty donor sites. The predominant consequence of this type of excision appears to be that excised fragments fail to re-integrate into the tobacco genome. Only one case of dTam3 re-integration could be detected. The ends of this element had been degraded upon integration into the tobacco genome. Either the altered structure of the Tam3 derivatives or tobacco host factors are influencing thetrans-activation of a dTam3 element, resulting in aberrant excision. 相似文献
90.