Behaviour of suspended and sedimentary organic matter in the deltaic areas of the Gulf of Lions (Mediterranean Sea)

The behaviour of organic matter has been approached in two fluvio-marine areas of the Gulf of Lions in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea: deltas of the Rhône and Têt rivers. Elemental analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (main classes of organic compounds) and high performance liquid chromatography (phenolic compounds) enabled to show the fractioning processes and the differentiation of water layers from the river mouth to the open sea. Transitory horizontal and vertical geochemical gradients appeared in the water column. They were more marked in surficial sediments. They underlined the effects of the river inputs which were characterized by high phenol contents. The increase of the marine character towards the open sea was shown by increasing nitrogen-containing compounds. In the Rhône delta, the distribution of the suspended material and organic compounds emphasized the occurrence of a multi-layered water system. In the surficial layers the suspended organic matter was in a little degraded state. On the contrary, the bottom nepheloid contained altered organo-mineral complexes enriched in resistant organic compounds. In the deeper areas of the Lacaze-Duthiers Canyon, in front of the Têt prodelta, the abundance of phytoplanktonic material in the euphotic zone was emphasized by the increase of both nitrogen-containing compounds and aminosugars. In the deeper layers, the suspended material transported by advective currents showed a detrital characteri.e. enriched in clays and in degraded organic matter. The observations carried out in the Rhône delta, the Têt prodelta and the Lacaze-Duthiers Canyon underlined the importance of the general transfer system of suspended material from East to West enhanced by the Liguro-Provençal current.     

基于主体功能区的长江经济带绿色发展评价与问题区域识别

长江经济带已成为我国推进绿色发展的重要阵地。基于主体功能区视角,构建以水系统为纽带的长江经济带绿色发展评价指标体系,采用综合加权法、空间自相关、耦合协调度模型等方法探究2018年长江经济带130个城市绿色发展及各子系统耦合协调水平的空间格局,并对绿色发展的问题区域进行分类识别。结果表明：(1)长江经济带绿色发展水平呈由下游、中游至上游递减趋势;各主体功能区绿色发展指数表现为优化开发区>限制开发区>重点开发区。(2)绿色发展各子系统耦合协调度值位于0.365—0.656之间,多处于濒临失调和勉强协调的临界区间,耦合协调水平整体偏低。(3)从长江经济带整体来看,长江中上游地区绝大部分城市绿色发展主要受资源利用和产业发展水平偏低,及由此带来的生态和生活问题限制,且长江中上游地区各省会或直辖市对区域内其他城市绿色发展带动能力不足。从主体功能区视角来看,优化开发区以生态问题为主,仅上海和嘉兴两市;重点开发区以生态和生产问题为主,集中于武汉都市圈和成渝双城经济圈内部;限制开发区以生产和生活问题为主,主要位于省际边界型城市地区。最后综合问题识别结果,分别对长江经济带各主要问题区域绿色发展...     

家燕营巢特征及其对城市环境的适应性

城市面积在全球范围内迅速扩张,一些鸟类种群通过改变营巢特征,在与自然生境截然不同的城市中筑巢繁殖。但目前城市环境对于鸟类营巢影响的研究较缺乏。为了解鸟类营巢对城市环境的适应,于2016、2019年在黑龙江哈尔滨的城市与乡村环境,分别测量家燕（Hirundo rustica）巢（如,大小及形状）及巢址特征等（如,距地面和屋顶距离）参数,以探究：（1）家燕巢特征在乡村及城市生境是否存在差异？（2）家燕巢特征在年际间是否存在变化？并为城市家燕种群的保护提供理论依据及合理建议。研究采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验以及Wilcoxon秩和检验比较分析所测量的巢特征参数在城乡之间、年际间的差异,并对组间参数进行线性判别分析（LDA,Linear Discriminant Analysis）。结果发现,城乡间具有显著差异：（1）与乡村相比,城市巢距离屋顶更远,距地相对更近（P<0.05）;（2）城市巢更浅（P<0.05）;（3）从2016到2019年,城市和乡村巢都变得更深,半径更大（P<0.05）。根据这些发现,推测城市楼房建筑的楼道为家燕繁殖提供了相对更为封闭、安全的环境,旧巢及较为丰富的支撑物为家燕提供了适宜的巢址,有可能节省亲鸟在营巢上的繁殖投入;但同时应当警惕门窗关闭、资源受限、人为干扰等不利因素可能造成的生态陷阱。     

大陈岛海域浮游动物群落季节变化及其影响因素

为探究大陈岛海域浮游动物群落的季节变化,于2020年9月（夏季）、11月（秋季）和2021年1月（冬季）、4月（春季）分别对大陈岛海域的浮游动物及环境因子进行了4个航次的调查。结果共鉴定浮游动物90种,包括浮游幼体15类,其中夏季种类数最多（68种）,冬季最少（20种）,常见的优势种有：百陶箭虫（Sagitta bedoti）、微刺哲水蚤（Canthocalanus pauper）、中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）等12种（Y>0.02）。浮游动物的年平均丰度和生物量分别为（153.40±214.73）个/m³、（411.93±561.76） mg/m³,二者存在明显的季节变化,平均丰度为春季（380.17±296.14）个/m³>夏季（135.30±112.59）个/m³>秋季（67.88±90.52）个/m³>冬季（25.30±19.11）个/m³;平均生物量为夏季（895.01±802.54） mg/m³>春季（623.39±358.73） mg/m³>秋季（91.08±82.36） mg/m³>冬季（45.96±84.95） mg/m³。多样性指数（H''）和均匀度指数（J''）的年平均值分别为1.71±0.96和0.53±0.20,均表现出夏秋季较高、冬春季较低的特征。聚类分析结果表明调查海域的浮游动物可划分为夏季类群、秋季类群、冬季类群和春季类群4组类群。Pearson相关性分析和冗余分析（RDA）结果表明,海水温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度是影响大陈岛海域浮游动物群落特征的重要环境因素。此外,夏季大陈岛海域水母类浮游动物暴发的现象值得关注。研究结果将为大陈岛海域的生物多样性保护及渔业资源可持续开发利用提供可参考的数据资料。     

海南岛热带山地雨林林分生物量估测方法比较分析

本文通过对海南岛热带山地雨林林分生物量估测方法的比较分析,表明材积转换法不适宜估算海南岛热带山地雨林林分生物量,其结果与皆伐法相比较一般偏高20％—40％;而用实测资料建立的生物量回归模型,对原始林林分有较好的估测结果,除树枝和树叶生物量外,树干、树皮及地上部分生物量的回归模型值,与皆伐法的结果比较,相对误差一般在±10％以内,为允许误差范围,而对热带山地雨林的更新林生物量的估测则效果较差,应建立相应的估测模型。平均木法有工作量小的优点,且误差也在16％以下,但要注意取样的树种多样性和取样强度,在实际中应当慎用。另外本文对测定热带山地雨林生物量(原始林)的所需面积大小问题作了研究,提出了生物量-面积曲线的概念,确定其最小调查面积为2500m~2以上。     

Identifying Mozambique's most critical areas for plant conservation: An evaluation of protected areas and Important Plant Areas

Successful protected area networks must represent biodiversity across taxonomic groups. However, too often plant species are overlooked in conservation planning, and the resulting protected areas may, as a result, fail to encompass the most important sites for plant diversity. The Mozambique Tropical Important Plant Areas project sought to promote the conservation of Mozambique's flora through the identification of Important Plant Areas (IPAs). Here, we use the Weighted Endemism including Global Endangerment (WEGE) index to identify the richest areas for rare and endemic plants in Mozambique and subsequently evaluate how well represented these hotspots are within the current protected area and IPA networks. We also examine the congruence between IPA and protected areas to identify opportunities for strengthening the conservation of plants in Mozambique. We found that high WEGE scores, representing areas rich in endemic/near-endemic and threatened species, predict the presence of IPAs in Mozambique, but do not predict the presence of protected areas. We also find that there is limited overlap between IPAs and protected areas in Mozambique. We demonstrate how IPAs could be an important tool for ensuring priority sites for plant diversity are included within protected area network expansions, particularly following the adoption of the “30 by 30” target agreed within the post-2020 Convention on Biological Diversity framework, with great potential for this method to be replicated elsewhere in the global tropics.     

北京唇形科一新记录属——龙头草属

该文报道了发现于北京市密云区的1种被子植物新记录——荨麻叶龙头草[Meehania urticifolia(Miq.)Makino],其所隶属的龙头草属(Meehania Britton)为北京分布新记录。描述了荨麻叶龙头草的形态特征与生境,凭证标本藏于浙江大学标本馆(HZU)。荨麻叶龙头草于1899年首次发现于日本,是东北亚分布植物,此前在中国仅分布于东北。北京云蒙山发现的分布点,显然是该种目前在中国分布最西的分布点,可能于冰川期从东北亚迁移而来。     

The impact of climate change on the future distribution of priority crop wild relatives in Indonesia and implications for conservation planning

The analysis of climate change impact is essential to include in conservation planning of crop wild relatives (CWR) to provide the guideline for adequate long-term protection under unpredictable future environmental conditions. These resources play an important role in sustaining the future of food security, but the evidence shows that they are threatened by climate change. The current analyses show that five taxa were predicted to have contraction of more than 30 % of their current ranges: Artocarpus sepicanus (based on RCP 4.5 in both no dispersal and unlimited dispersal scenario and RCP 8.5 in no dispersal scenario by 2050), Ficus oleifolia (RCP 4.5 5 in both no dispersal and unlimited dispersal scenario by 2080), Cocos nucifera and Dioscorea alata (RCP 8.5 in both no dispersal and unlimited dispersal scenario by 2050), and Ficus chartacea (RCP 8.5 in both no dispersal and unlimited dispersal scenario by 2050 and 2080). It shows that the climate change impact is species-specific. Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and dispersal scenarios influence the prediction models, and the actual future distribution range of species falls in between those scenarios. Climate refugia, holdout populations, and non-analogue community assemblages were identified based on the Protected Areas (PAs) network. PAs capacity is considered an important element in implementing a conservation strategy for the priority CWR. In areas where PAs are isolated and have less possibility to build corridors to connect each other, such as in Java, unlimited dispersal scenarios are unlikely to be achieved and assisted dispersal is suggested. The holdout populations should be the priority target for the ex situ collection. Therefore, by considering the climate refugia, PAs capacity and holdout populations, the goal of keeping high genetic variations for the long-term conservation of CWR in Indonesia can be achieved.     

The role of refuge areas in the phenology of Rhopalosiphum padi in low rainfall cropping areas of South Australia

Extensive surveys of possible aphid habitats in South Australia indicated that irrigated perennial grass pastures in the Mount Lofty Ranges and Lower Murray Valley were summer refuges for Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Large numbers of aphids build up in these pastures each year during autumn (April and May) with numbers peaking in May. The size of the May peak was related to the number of aphids surviving the summer. The proportions of alates were highest in May and August/September. Both peaks coincided with a photoperiod of between 11.2 and 11.5 h, and partial correlations suggested that aphid density, photoperiod and temperature were all significant determinants of alate production.     

庐山野生观赏植物资源多样性及持续利用对策

庐山是我国著名的风景旅游和避暑胜地,也是我国中亚热带北缘植物多样性的宝库．本文在广泛调查、收集、整理的基础上,研究了庐山野生观赏植物资源多样性特征、分布、类型及其配置．本区分布有野生观赏植物５２８种,隶属于１１５科２９０属,其中乔木类１３８种,灌木类１４０种,藤木类５２种,草本类１９８种．并根据开发与保护现状对庐山野生观赏植物资源多样性的持续利用提出了切实可行的对策．