973项目与国家重点实验室互动模式探讨

本文着重阐述了国家重点基础研究项目(973项目)与国家重点实验室互动的专业特性和管理特性,并通过以国家973创伤项目与创伤烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室在人才、实验设备、科技资源共享方面的运行模式,初步总结其管理、合作、互动的有利建设经验,有望更好地提高国家资源的整体整合,并为适应新世纪学科发展,对加强群体创新和组织管理创新进行了有益的思考。     

NMR structure and functional characterization of a human cancer-related nucleoside triphosphatase

A screen of the human cancer genome anatomy project (CGAP) database was performed to search for new proteins involved in tumorigenesis. The resulting hits were further screened for recombinant expression, solubility and protein aggregation, which led to the identification of the previously unknown human cancer-related (HCR) protein encoded by the mRNA NM_032324 as a target for structure determination by NMR. The three-dimensional structure of the protein in its complex with ATPgammaS forms a three-layered alpha/beta sandwich, with a central nine-stranded beta-sheet surrounded by five alpha-helices. Sequence and three-dimensional structure comparisons with AAA+ ATPases revealed the presence of Walker A (GPPGVGKT) and Walker B (VCVIDEIG) motifs. Using 1D (31)P-NMR spectroscopy and a coupled enzymatic assay for the determination of inorganic phosphate, we showed that the purified recombinant protein is active as a non-specific nucleoside triphosphatase, with k(cat)=7.6x10(-3) s(-1). The structural basis for the enzymatic activity of HCR-NTPase was further characterized by site-directed mutagenesis of the Walker B motif, which further contributes to making the HCR-NTPase an attractive new target for further biochemical characterization in the context of its presumed role in human tumorigenesis.     

重大工程建设项目竣工验收工作中的环境监测

以辽宁省环境监测中心站配合国家环境保护总局评估中心进行的金哨水利枢纽工程竣工环境保护验收调查为例,论述了环境监测在重大工程建设项目验收调查中的重要作用,提出了项目验收监测工作的程序,认为重大工程建设项目的监测从项目开始就应列入计划,通过监测与监督,使施工期的环境污染问题降至最低限度,这样才能更好地保护生态环境及周围公众的安全健康.     

2006年度预防医学国家自然科学基金结题情况简介

为了解预防医学学科资助项目的完成情况和学科研究进展,客观公正地做好结题项目的绩效评估,进一步加强基金项目的管理,本文从结题项目概况、结题情况分析、新理论和新技术在结题项目中的应用、连续性支持、国家需求型研究等几方面对2006年度预防医学学科结题情况作一总结和分析。     

公立医院开展项目支出预算绩效评价的探讨

目前,我国大部分公立医院尚未广泛开展内部项目支出预算绩效评价工作。随着财政部与国家卫生和计划生育委员会的预算项目绩效管理的深入开展,公立医院通过加强多部门的合作,以战略发展为导向开展项目支出预算绩效评价工作对提高资金使用效益具有重要意义。     

The role of trust in restoration success: public engagement and temporal and spatial scale in a complex social‐ecological system

The social dimensions of river restoration are not well understood especially in the context of large‐scale restoration projects embedded in a complex social‐ecological system. This study used in‐depth interviews with diverse stakeholders to examine perceptions of restoration success on the Clark Fork River Superfund project in Western Montana. Trust emerged as critical to restoration success and was influenced by public engagement, and by spatial and temporal scale. At this large scale, multiple relationships between agencies, NGOs, businesses, landowners, and other stakeholders meant that building trust was a complicated endeavor. The large spatial scale and long time frame made public engagement challenging, and landowners in particular were critical of the project, expressing mistrust in both agencies and the project as a whole. However, projects focused on smaller spatial scales, such as particular stream reaches, appeared to inspire more effective collaboration. Relationships between organizations were important at this large scale, but inter‐organizational conflict affected trust across the project. Further, because trust requires accepting vulnerability, recognizing the differential vulnerability that particular groups and communities experience, based on the risks and benefits they accrue relative to the project, is important.     

RNA‐Seq bulked segregant analysis enables the identification of high‐resolution genetic markers for breeding in hexaploid wheat

The identification of genetic markers linked to genes of agronomic importance is a major aim of crop research and breeding programmes. Here, we identify markers for Yr15, a major disease resistance gene for wheat yellow rust, using a segregating F₂ population. After phenotyping, we implemented RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) of bulked pools to identify single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with Yr15. Over 27 000 genes with SNPs were identified between the parents, and then classified based on the results from the sequenced bulks. We calculated the bulk frequency ratio (BFR) of SNPs between resistant and susceptible bulks, selecting those showing sixfold enrichment/depletion in the corresponding bulks (BFR > 6). Using additional filtering criteria, we reduced the number of genes with a putative SNP to 175. The 35 SNPs with the highest BFR values were converted into genome‐specific KASP assays using an automated bioinformatics pipeline (PolyMarker) which circumvents the limitations associated with the polyploid wheat genome. Twenty‐eight assays were polymorphic of which 22 (63%) mapped in the same linkage group as Yr15. Using these markers, we mapped Yr15 to a 0.77‐cM interval. The three most closely linked SNPs were tested across varieties and breeding lines representing UK elite germplasm. Two flanking markers were diagnostic in over 99% of lines tested, thus providing a reliable haplotype for marker‐assisted selection in these breeding programmes. Our results demonstrate that the proposed methodology can be applied in polyploid F₂ populations to generate high‐resolution genetic maps across target intervals.     

实施“优质护理服务示范工程”的实践探讨

目的 探讨“优质护理服务示范工程”的实施及影响。方法 树立“优质护理服务示范工程”护理服务文化理念,制定“优质护理服务示范工程”护理服务标准及实施方法。结果 提高了病人满意度及护理工作质量、健康教育覆盖率及合格率,增进护患感情。结论 开展“优质护理服务示范工程”, 能提高护理质量, 确保护理安全,能扩大医院的知名度, 提升护理服务的品牌。     

The 12th Human Liver Proteome Project (HLPP) Workshop,September 2010, Sydney,Australia

The 12th HLPP workshop was held in conjunction with the 9th HUPO 2010 World Congress on September 20th in Sydney, Australia. This 2‐h workshop was chaired by Prof. Fuchu He (Beijing Proteome Research Center). Highlights included: (i) progress of the post‐translational modification of liver proteome; (ii) construction of the human liver protein interaction and localization maps; (iii) progress made in terms of identifying biomarker for liver diseases; and (iv) discussion on the second phase of the initiative. This was followed by a lively discussion related to the project.