最大或然数法在光合细菌计数中的应用及效果研究

1引言光合细菌(photosynthetic bacteria,PSB)是能进行不放氧光合作用的一大类细菌的总称,属水圈微生物,广泛分布于地球生物圈,无论江、河、湖、海,水田、旱地都有存在[3].光合细菌在水体自净、调节微生态平衡、促进动植物生长、增加产量和提高产品质量、防病、固氮等方面具有重要作用[3,22].近年来,光合细菌菌剂在水产养殖、家畜养殖、污水处理及植物生产上的应用日益广泛[3,13,19,27,28,31],相继推出多种产品,包括单菌菌剂、复合菌剂,剂型上有液体菌剂、浓缩菌剂和固体菌剂(粉剂)等[20].为保证产品质量和应用效果,有必要对光合细菌菌剂…     

酪氨酸酶的应用研究进展

酪氨酸酶具有重要的生理生化特性,在医药、环境、食品、精细化工等领域具有广泛的用 途。酪氨酸酶可以氧化L-酪氨酸合成L-多巴和黑色素,L-多巴用于帕金森症的治疗,黑色素能够 杀死HIV病毒。酪氨酸酶可用于环境工程领域处理含苯酚及胺类废水,用于精细化工领域催化 有机合成反应。综述了酪氨酸酶在各个领域的应用概况,阐明了其在工业生产领域的应用前景。     

茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒制剂的试制与推广应用

试制了茶尺蠖病毒水剂、茶尺蠖病毒Bt混剂、茶尺蠖病毒农药混剂 ,三种制剂的室内毒效和田间防治效果均在 90 .1%以上 ,1999年～ 2 0 0 0年推广应用面积 3万亩 ,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

植物多酚在环境保护与农业生产中的应用

植物多酚是一类广泛存在于植物体内的次生代谢物．自然界含多酚的常见植物已超过600种．随着植物多酚化学结构鉴定及其理化性状的深入研究,人类对植物多酚的应用由传统的化工和医药等领域扩展到了农业和环境等多个领域．文中就植物多酚对植物抗逆境能力以及在环境污染控制和农业生产等领域的应用进行了综述．     

Chronotype,social jetlag,and time perspective

ABSTRACT

The phase of entrainment (chronotype) is known to be associated with time perspective (TP), suggesting that the state of circadian system is involved in the long-term planning of human life. However, little is known regarding the influence of circadian misalignment on long-term planning ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between social jetlag (SJL) and TP. A total of 1064 schoolchildren and university students (mean age ± standard deviation, 19.2 ± 2.9 years; range, 15–25 years; females, 71.7%) from four cities in the Russian Federation located between 56.9 and 61.7 degrees North completed the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, and Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Study participants also indicated personal data (age, sex, height weight, place of residence, and achievements). A multiple regression analysis with stepwise inclusion of predictors in the model was performed to evaluate associations between time perspective characteristics (dependent variables) and predictor variables. The change in R² was used as the measure of effect size. Chronotype was found to be a moderate predictor of future TP (B = 0.034; ΔR² = 0.037). In addition, sleep quality was found to be a moderate predictor of past negative (B = 0.043; ΔR² = 0.074), present fatalistic (B = 0.021; ΔR² = 0.035), and deviation from balanced TP (B = 0.034; ΔR² = 0.066). Mood seasonality was a moderate predictor of present hedonistic TP (B = 0.016; ΔR² = 0.038), and social jetlag was a weak predictor of present fatalistic (B = 0.052; ΔR² = 0.019), future (B = ?0.033; ΔR² = 0.004), and deviation from balanced TP (B = 0.047; ΔR² = 0.012). In conclusion, this study found a weak but significant association between social jetlag and TP in adolescents and young adults.     

African elephants (Loxodonta africana) recognize visual attention from face and body orientation

How do animals determine when others are able and disposed to receive their communicative signals? In particular, it is futile to make a silent gesture when the intended audience cannot see it. Some non-human primates use the head and body orientation of their audience to infer visual attentiveness when signalling, but whether species relying less on visual information use such cues when producing visual signals is unknown. Here, we test whether African elephants (Loxodonta africana) are sensitive to the visual perspective of a human experimenter. We examined whether the frequency of gestures of head and trunk, produced to request food, was influenced by indications of an experimenter''s visual attention. Elephants signalled significantly more towards the experimenter when her face was oriented towards them, except when her body faced away from them. These results suggest that elephants understand the importance of visual attention for effective communication.     

X-ray dark-field phase-contrast imaging: Origins of the concept to practical implementation and applications

The basic idea of X-ray dark-field imaging (XDFI), first presented in 2000, was based on the concepts used in an X-ray interferometer. In this article, we review 20 years of developments in our theoretical understanding, scientific instrumentation, and experimental demonstration of XDFI and its applications to medical imaging. We first describe the concepts underlying XDFI that are responsible for imparting phase contrast information in projection X-ray images. We then review the algorithms that can convert these projection phase images into three-dimensional tomographic slices. Various implementations of computed tomography reconstructions algorithms for XDFI data are discussed. The next four sections describe and illustrate potential applications of XDFI in pathology, musculoskeletal imaging, oncologic imaging, and neuroimaging. The sample applications that are presented illustrate potential use scenarios for XDFI in histopathology and other clinical applications. Finally, the last section presents future perspectives and potential technical developments that can make XDFI an even more powerful tool.     

约束选择在小麦育种中的应用研究

对小麦杂种后代进行了约束选择,以无约束选择、单项选择为对照。试验结果表明:约束选择对选择性状的促进和约束性状的控制都有较好的效果。一对正相关的性状被约束者可保持在原平均数稍高水平;负相关的约束者则保持在原平均数略低水平。在对产量的选择中,约束选择的实际效果一般比无约束的为好,其中以约束株高选择产量的效果最佳。最后对约束选择的应用问题作了讨论。     

应用环介导等温扩增技术检测铜绿假单胞菌OprD2基因的临床研究

目的:评价检测铜绿假单胞菌外膜孔蛋白OprD2基因缺失的环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)的应用价值,从而为临床早期诊断耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌(IRPA)以及治疗方案的制定提供参考依据。方法:收集2016年1月至2016年12月上海中医药大学附属第七人民医院临床分离的IRPA,MicroScan WalkAway-96 plus全自动鉴定及药敏系统检测最低抑菌浓度(MIC),应用LAMP法检测OprD2基因的缺失,并与实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)法进行比较。结果:50株样本中,DNA A260/280均≧1.72,而DNA浓度均370 ng/μL,6号和49号样本甚至2000 ng/μL。LAMP法检测50株IRPA的OprD2基因,结果显示26株阳性,其余24株为阴性,缺失率为48.0%;Real-time PCR法检测结果显示,50株IRPA的OprD2基因阳性和阴性分别为26株、24株,LAMP法检测结果与Real-time PCR法具有一致性。结论:针对靶点OprD2基因设计引物的LAMP法是一种快速、简便且便于临床实验室应用的方法,其检测结果与Real-time PCR法具有高度一致性。     

可吸收棒与微型钛板在桡骨小头骨折治疗中的应用价值

目的:探讨可吸收棒与微型钛板在桡骨小头骨折治疗中的临床效果和应用价值的研究。方法:回顾性选取2014年1月-2017年1月于医院骨科诊治的桡骨小头骨折患者58例,根据不同的治疗方式分为两组,其中对照组28例患者采用微型钛板治疗;研究组30例患者采取可吸收棒治疗,患者术后均以石膏固定4周后,采用X射线复查恢复情况,统计两组患者的骨性愈合时间、肘关节HHS评分及并发症发生情况。结果:(1)两组患者在2年内骨折均愈合,研究组患者的骨性愈合时间(13.86±2.05)周明显少于对照组患者的骨性愈合时间(15.54±2.71)周(P0.05);(2)治疗后4周,研究组患者的肘关节HHS评分为(95.32±4.14)分明显高于对照组患者的(82.48±5.27)分(P均0.05);(3)研究组患者中仅有1例发生骨延迟愈合,对照组患者中2例肘关节活动范围缺失、2例骨折位移、1例肘关节骨关节炎,并发症发生率分别为3.33%和17.85%存在显著差异(P均0.05)。结论:桡骨小头骨折患者肘关节损伤严重,采用可吸收棒治疗能取得与微型钛板相似的治疗效果,并且患者的骨性愈合时间短、肘关节功能恢复较快,同时避免并发症的发生。