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11.
12.
Ernest G. Walker 《American journal of physical anthropology》1983,60(4):499-503
The identification of the treponemas among prehistoric Amerindian populations is problematic. This paper presents the evidence for the presence of cardiovascular disease of syphilitic origin on the Plains of North America during prehistoric times. Comparative data from modern populations is used to arrive at a diagnosis. 相似文献
13.
6-C-α-l-Arabinopyranosyl- and furanosylacacetins have been synthesized. They are isomerized by short acid treatment to give a mixture of the four anomer/ring size combinations without any Wessely-Moser isomerization. In the same conditions molludistin (8-C-α-l-arabinopyranosylgenkwanin) led only to a mixture of molludistin and 8-C-α-l-arabinofuranosylgenkwanin. This is the first demonstration of ring sugar isomerization in C-glycosylflavones. In usual solvent systems, α-anomers are easily separated from β-anomers, whereas corresponding pyranosyl and furanosyl anomers are not. However, they are easily separated after permethylation and characteristic features are found in the mass spectra of PM 6-C-arabinofuranosyl isomers. 相似文献
14.
Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa 《Journal of plant research》1989,102(2):291-329
It has been established that organelles, such as mitochondria and plastids, contain organelle-specific DNA and arise from
the division of pre-existing organelles (e.g., Possingham and Lawrence, 1983). We propose that organelle DNAs, such as mitochondrial
DNA and plastid DNA are not naked in organellesin situ but are organized in each case to form an “organelle nucleus” with basic proteins (Kuroiwa, 1982). The concept of organelle
nuclei has changed our ideas about the division of organelles. Thus, the process of organelle division must be composed of
two main events: division of the organelle nucleus and organellekinesis (division of the other components of the mitochondrion
or plastid). The latter term has been adopted as an appropriate analogue of cytokinesis.
We were the first to identify the plastid-dividing ring (PD-ring), which is located in the cytoplasm close to the outer envelope
membrane at the constricted isthmus of dividing chloroplasts in the red algaCyanidium caldirum. The PD-ring is about 60 nm in width and 25 nm in thickness, and is a circular bundle of actin-like, fine filaments, each
about 4–5 nm in diameter. Since cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of polymerization of actin filaments, inhibits the formation
of the PD-ring and, thus, prevents subsequent division of chloroplasts, the PD-ring is thought to be a structure that is essential
for the division of plastids (plastidkinesis).
The behavior of the PD-ring during a cycle of chloroplast division can be classified into the following four stages on the
basis of morphological and temporal differences. The chloroplast growth stage: the small, spherical chloroplast increases
in volume and becomes a football-like structure, while the PD-ring from the previous division disappears. Formation of the
PD-ring: the somewhat electron-dense body (see below) is fragmented into many, somewhat electron-dense granules, which are
aligned along the equatorial region of the chloroplast and fine filaments are formed from the somewhat electron-dense granules
in the equatorial region. The fine filaments of the PD-ring align themselves according to the longest axis of their overall
domain, i.e., circumferentially. Contraction stage: a bundle of fine filaments begins to contract and generates a deep furrow.
Conversion stage: after chloroplast division, the remnants of the PD-ring are converted into somewhat electron-dense bodies.
Similar events occur during the second cycle of chloroplast division. Since similar structures are observed extensively in
the plastids of algae, moss and higher plants, the PD-ring appears to be an essential structure for the division of plastids
in plants. 相似文献
15.
Joakim Galli Urban Lendahl Gabrielle Paulsson Christer Ericsson Tomas Bergman Mats Carlquist Lars Wieslander 《Journal of molecular evolution》1990,31(1):40-50
Summary We describe the structure of a gene expressed in the salivary gland cells of the dipteranChironomus tentans and show that it encodes 1 of the approximately 15 secretory proteins exported by the gland cells. This sp115,140 gene consists of approximately 65 copies of a 42-bp sequence in a central uninterrupted core block, surrounded by short nonrepetitive regions. The repeats within the gene are highly similar to each other, but divergent repeats are present in a pattern which suggests that the repeat structure has been remodeled during evolution. The 42-bp repeat in the gene is a simple variant of the more complex repeat unit present in the Balbiani ring genes, encoding four of the other secretory proteins. The structure of the sp115,140 gene suggests that related repeat structures have evolved from a common origin and resulted in the set of genes whose secretory proteins interact in the assembly of the secreted protein fibers. 相似文献
16.
The palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.), was collected in cocoons from red ring-diseased coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) in Trinidad and Tobago. Juveniles of five species of nematodes were extracted from the genitalia and macerated bodies of newly emerged adults of the palm weevil: Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb) Goodey (the red ring nematode), Teratorhabditis sp., Diplogasteritus sp., Mononchoides sp., and Bursaphelenchus sp. Over 90% of newly emerged weevil females and males were infested internally with red ring nematode juveniles, and over 47% of the weevils contained more than 1,000 red ring nematodes each. There was no significant correlation between weevil body length and the number of red ring nematodes carried internally by each weevil. Teratorhabditis sp. and Diplogasteritus sp. were extracted from over 50% of the palm weevils, and Monochoides sp. and Bursaphelenchus sp. were found in a small proportion of the weevils. Field-collected adult weevils were also internally and externally infested with a Rhabditis sp., which was not observed in or on weevils allowed to emerge from field-collected cocoons. 相似文献
17.
The salivary gland secretion in the dipteran Chironomus tentans is composed of approximately 15 different secretory proteins. The most well known of the corresponding genes are the four
closely related Balbiani ring (BR) genes, in which the main part of each approximately 40-kb gene is composed of tandemly
arranged repetitive units. Six of the seven additional secretory protein genes described share structural similarities with
the BR genes and are members of the same BR multigene family. Here we report the identification of a new secretory protein
gene, the spl2 gene, encoding the smallest component of the C. tentans salivary gland secretion. The gene has a corresponding mRNA length of approximately 0.7 kb and codes for a protein with a
calculated molecular weight of 7,619 Da. The sp12 gene was characterized in seven Chironomus species. Based on a comparison of the orthologous gene sequences, we conclude that the sp12 gene has a repetitive structure
consisting of diverged 21-by-long repeats. The repeat structure and the codon composition are similar to the so-called SR
regions of the BR genes and the sp 12 gene may represent a diverged member of the BR multigene family.
Correspondence to: L. Wieslander 相似文献
18.
Several products of metabolism and aromatic ring cleavage of 3-methoxy and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid from ligninolytic cultures of Lentinus edodes were isolated and identified. 相似文献
19.
不同年龄大鼠主动脉壁凝集素组织化学的图像分析研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文利用凝集素组织化学的方法,结合应用IBAS图像分析系统对不同年龄(10天,6个月及2年)大鼠主动脉壁的凝集素受体进行研究。在所采用的六种生物素化凝集素中(ConA、RCAI、UEA-I、PNA、SBA及WGA),ConA、RCA-I及WGA在大鼠主动脉壁呈阳性反应,它们在各年龄组大鼠主动脉壁内膜及外膜均表现出强阳性反应,而在中膜反应较弱。UEA-I、PNA和SBA表现出无明显反应。此外,三种阳性反应凝集素在主动脉壁的反应产物随增龄而减少,图像分析结果显示其灰度值随增龄的变化趋势是逐渐增加。上述结果提示,大鼠主动脉壁含α-D-Mannose、β-DGalactose、sialicacid或N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine残基的糖复合物含量随增龄而减少,可能使LDL易于通透而致脂质在动脉壁沉积,加速脂纹病变的形成,从而易于导致动脉粥样硬化。 相似文献
20.
Manuel Sanchez-Fernandez George M. Katz Guilherme Suarez-Kurtz Gregory J. Kaczorowski John P. Reuben 《The Journal of membrane biology》1993,135(3):273-287
The known action of uridine triphosphate (UTP) to contract some types of vascular smooth muscle, and the present finding that it is more potent than adenosine triphosphate in eliciting an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in aortic smooth muscle, led us to investigate the mode of action of this nucleotide. With this aim, cultured bovine aorta cells were subjected to patch-clamp methodologies under various conditions. Nucleotide-induced variations in cytosolic Ca2+ were monitored by using single channel recordings of the high conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (Maxi-K) channel within on-cell patches as a reporter, and whole-cell currents were measured following perforation of the patch. In cells bathed in Na+-saline, UTP (>30 nm) induced an inward current, and both Maxi-K channel activity and unitary current amplitude of the Maxi-K channel transiently increased. Repetitive exposures elicited similar responses when 5 to 10 min wash intervals were allowed between challenges of nucleotide. Oscillations in channel activity, but not oscillation in current amplitude were frequently observed with UTP levels > 0.1 m. Cells bathed in K+ saline (150
m) were less sensitive to UTP (5-fold), and did not show an increase in unitary Maxi-K current amplitude. Since the increase in amplitude occurs due to depolarization of the cell membrane, a change in amplitude was not observed in cells previously depolarized with K+ saline. The enhancement of Maxi-K channel activity in the presence of UTP was not diminished by Ca2+ entry blockers or by removal of extracellular Ca2+. However, in the latter case, repetitive responses progressively declined. These observations, as well as data comparing the action of low concentrations of Ca2+ ionophores (<5 m) to that of UTP indicate that both agents elevate cytosolic Ca2+ by mobilization of this ion from intracellular pools. However, the Ca2+ ionophore did not cause membrane depolarization, and thus did not change unitary current amplitude. The effect of UTP on Maxi-K channel activity and current amplitude was blocked by pertussis toxin and by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), but was not modified by okadaic acid, or by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC). Our data support a model in which a pyrimidinergic receptor is coupled to a G protein, and this interaction mediates release of Ca2+ from intracellular pools, presumably via the phosphatidyl inositol pathway. This also results in activation of membrane channels that give rise to an inward current and depolarization. Ultimately, smooth muscle contraction ensues. PKC does not appear to be directly involved, even though the UTP response is blocked by low nm levels of PMA. While the latter data implicate PKC in diminishing the UTP response, agents that inhibit either PKC or phosphatase activity did not prevent abolition of UTP responses by PMA, nor did they modify basal channel activity. 相似文献