人工髋关节置换和内固定治疗复杂股骨转子间骨折的疗效及对预后的影响

目的:对比人工髋关节置换和内固定治疗复杂股骨转子间骨折的疗效及对预后的影响。方法:选择2008年1月~2012年5月我院骨科收治的复杂股骨转子间骨折患者85例,按知情同意原则分成人工髋关节置换组(A组,46例)及内固定组(B组,39例)2组,记录患者的一般临床资料及治疗情况,比较两组患者疗效指标及预后指标。结果:A组患者卧床时间低于B组患者,差别有统计学意义(P0.05);术后1、3、6个月的Harris评分情况A组均优于B组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:人工髋关节置换治疗复杂股骨转子间骨折能有效缩短患者卧床时间,迅速恢复关节功能,远期疗效效果好。     

聚多曲霉引起甲真菌病1例

报告1例聚多曲霉所致的甲真菌病。患者为48岁男性,仓库管理员,因足甲出现红斑1 a余就诊。取甲屑作真菌检查及真菌培养。在含氯霉素的沙堡弱培养基中25℃长出白至青绿色的绒毛状菌落,转种察氏培养基经形态及rDNA序列分析,菌种鉴定为聚多曲霉。14 d后从甲红斑处再取标本培养仍为聚多曲霉。经抗真菌药物治疗后痊愈。     

交锁髓内钉与经皮锁定钢板治疗胫骨骨折的临床对照研究

目的:探讨交锁髓内钉与经皮锁定钢板治疗胫骨骨折的疗效。方法:选取了100例胫骨骨折患者,按住院单双号分为两组,对照组(48例)给予交锁髓内钉,观察组(52例)给予经皮锁定钢板治疗。通过观察并记录疗效,围手术期指标及随访3个月的并发症发生情况,评价交锁髓内钉与经皮锁定钢板治疗胫骨骨折的疗效。结果:采用经皮锁定钢板内固定和交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折,两种手术方法所需手术时间无统计学差异(P0.05),经皮锁定钢板内固定术术中出血量更少,术后观察组患者住院时间和骨折愈合时间更短(P0.05),术后3个月,观察组患者有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05),随访3个月期间,观察组并发症5例,发生率9.6%,对照组并发症12例,发生率25.0%,观察组并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:经皮锁定钢板对胫骨骨折具有较好的疗效,手术安全性高,并发症少,能促进骨折愈合,使患者尽早康复,值得临床推广使用。     

Terminal differentiation of nail matrix keratinocytes involves up-regulation of DNase1L2 but is independent of caspase-14 expression

Abstract Terminal differentiation of keratinocytes in the epidermis and in epidermal appendages results in specialized forms of cell death. Keratinocytes of the nail matrix differentiate into nail corneocytes, the building blocks of the nail plate. Here, we show that, in contrast to the abrupt breakdown of the nucleus during corneocyte formation of epidermal keratinocytes, chromatin undergoes progressive condensation over several nail matrix cell layers below the transition zone to the nail plate, where nuclear DNA disappears. Virtually all keratinocytes in the cell layer immediately beneath the nail plate contained terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated fluorescein-dUTP nick end labeling-positive DNA fragments. Nail matrix keratinocytes lacked processed caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, and did not express caspase-14, a protease up-regulated during terminal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. By contrast, DNase1L2, which is also up-regulated during the differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and plays an essential role in differentiation-associated degradation of nuclear DNA in epidermal keratinocytes, was strongly expressed in the nail matrix–nail plate transition layer. Our results show that caspase-14 is not strictly, if at all, required for differentiation-associated keratinocyte cell death and implicates DNase1L2 in terminal differentiation of nail matrix keratinocytes.     

Effect of long-term therapy with sodium valproate on nail and serum trace element status in epileptic children

Antiepileptic drugs could cause changes in the trace element status of the body. Valproic acid (VPA) is a very effective anticonvulsant agent widely used in the management of various forms of epilepsy. Nail trace element content is a reliable index of trace element nutritional status of the body. To determine whether some of the side effects of antiepileptic drugs could be the result of zinc (Zn) depletion within tissues, Zn concentrations as well as copper (Cu) concentrations in nail and serum in 59 children having various types of epilepsy receiving valproate and 31 controls were assessed. Although serum Zn level in epileptic patients was found to be decreased, there was no difference in nail samples when compared to controls. There was a statistically significant increase in nail Cu level in epileptic patients when compared to controls. On the other hand, serum Cu levels were not different between the groups. Although none of our patients showed any symptoms of Cu elevation and Zn depletion, we should pay attention to potential body trace element changes in patients with epilepsy under VPA treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that serum trace metal homeostasis might be affected by VPA therapy, but not by the convulsive disorder itself.     

股骨近端解剖锁定钢板与股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的比较研究

目的:探讨股骨近端解剖锁定钢板(PFLP)与股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法:选取我院2013年6月至2016年3月期间收治的160例不稳定型股骨转子间骨折患者为研究对象,采用乱数表法分为观察组、对照组,各80例。对照组采用PFLP治疗,观察组患者采用PFNA治疗。统计分析两组的手术及术后相关指标以及术后3个月、6个月、12个月的髋关节功能Harris评分,比较两组的术后并发症。结果:观察组患者的手术时间、切口长度短于对照组,术中出血量、术中输血量、术后引流量均少于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者术后患侧负重时间、住院时间均短于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者骨折愈合时间短于对照组,但无统计学差异(P0.05);术后3个月、6个月,观察组患者髋关节功能Harris评分均高于对照组(P0.05);术后12个月,观察组患者髋关节功能Harris评分高于对照组,但无统计学差异(P0.05);两组患者并发症发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:PFNA与PFLP均能够有效治疗不稳定型股骨转子间骨折,但PFNA治疗方式在近期疗效中的作用优于PFLP,且患者髋关节功能恢复更快。     

Mechanical and thermal properties of particle boards made from farm residues

Five farm residues were used for the manufacture of low-density particle boards in a hot platter press using urea formaldehyde as the binding material. Mechanical and thermal properties of the boards were evaluated. The maize-cob board was superior to other boards in mechanical and screw/nail holding strength, suggesting its use for interior applications, while paddy-straw board and coconut-pith board were found to be suitable for insulation purposes.     

Fixation of a human rib by an intramedullary telescoping splint anchored by bone cement

A novel concept for rib fixation is presented that involves the use of a bioresorbable polymer intramedullary telescoping splint. Bone cement is used to anchor each end of the splint inside the medullary canal on each side of the fracture site. In this manner, rib fixation is achieved without fixation device protrusion from the rib, making the splint completely intramedullary. Finite element analysis is used to demonstrate that such a splint/cement composite can preserve rib fixation subjected to cough-intensity force loadings. Computational fluid dynamics and porcine rib experiments were used to study the anchor formation process required to complete the fixation.     

猪蹄甲的药用概况

对猪蹄甲的药用研究概况进行综述。猪蹄甲的有效成分为多肽 ,具有多方面的药理作用和临床应用 ,有良好的开发前景     

MIPO技术结合锁定加压钢板、顺行交锁髓内钉及锁定加压钢板治疗肱骨干中段骨折疗效的对比研究

摘要 目的：探讨微创经皮钢板内固定（MIPO）技术结合锁定加压钢板、顺行交锁髓内钉、锁定加压钢板治疗肱骨干中段骨折的疗效。方法：选择2016年2月至2019年2月我院收治的126例肱骨干中段骨折患者，采用随机数字表法将其分为三组，MIPO组（42例）采用MIPO技术结合锁定加压钢板固定治疗，髓内钉组（42例）采用顺行交锁髓内钉固定治疗，钢板组（42例）采用锁定加压钢板固定治疗。所有患者术后随访12个月，比较三组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、骨折愈合时间、术前和术后第12个月美国加州大学肩关节评分系统（UCLA）评分、Mayo肘关节功能评分（MEPS）、欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)评分以及并发症发生率。结果：MIPO组和髓内钉组的术中出血量与术后住院时间均少于钢板组（P＜0.05），MIPO组和髓内钉组之间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。MIPO组、钢板组骨折愈合时间短于髓内钉组（P＜0.05），MIPO组、钢板组之间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。MIPO组、钢板组术后第12个月UCLA评分均高于髓内钉组（P＜0.05），MIPO组、钢板组之间无统计学差异，第12个月MEPS无差异（P＞0.05）。术后第12个月MIPO组、钢板组EQ-5D评分高于髓内钉组（P＜0.05），MIPO组、钢板组之间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。三组桡神经损伤、肩峰损伤发生率相比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），桡神经损伤以钢板组发生率最高，肩峰损伤以髓内钉组发生率最高。结论：MIPO技术结合锁定加压钢板具有微创、术后恢复快、对肩关节功能及生活质量的影响较小、术后并发症较少的优势，是肱骨干中段骨折较为理想的治疗方式。