温度及膜中蛋白质含量与膜粘度和膜中分子排列方向的关系

本实验用闪光诱导的瞬间二向色性方法测量了不同温度以及不同蛋白质含量下菌紫质分子在脂质囊泡膜中的旋转扩散运动.根据旋转扩散运动得到了温度和蛋白质含量与膜粘度以及分子在膜中排列方向的关系.温度和蛋白质的含量都影响膜的粘度,但并不影响蛋白质分子在膜中的排列方向.     

Mg~(2+)离子对紫膜表面电位效应的自旋探针—ESR研究

本文根据带正电荷自旋探针CAT_(12)在紫膜结合相和水相的分布,利用自旋探针顺磁共振(ESR)技术测定了Mg~(2+)对紫膜表面电位的影响,我们的结果表明紫膜具有σ为3.02×10~(-4)Ch-arges/(?)~2的表面电荷密度.据此σ用Gouy-Chapman理论计算得到Mg~(2+)离子浓度与表面电位((?)_i)的关系与实验结果极为一致,这表明离子通过表面电位的变化引起紫膜的表面pH值的改变从而影响紫膜的结构与功能,Mg~(2+)对紫膜表面电位的影响明显地比K~+要大,说明镁离子可能在紫膜的结构与功能中有更为重要的作用.     

在被小泡参与突触前后膜特化增厚的形态学研究

Our object was to characterize the morphological changes of coated vesicles and synaptic membranes during synaptogenesis. Neurons from spinal cords of fetal mice were established as isolated cells in primary culture. After a few days in vitro, the neurons extended their neurites and started their interaction. At timed intervals thereafter, cultures were fixed for electron microscopic observation. Coated vesicles were prominent in the neuronal cytoplasm at the time of synaptogenesis (about 7-10 days in vitro). Similar vesicles were seen in continuity with some cisternae in the Golgi regions and there was an increase in number during the synaptogenic period. Indeed it is not established whether the coated vesicles were exocytotic or pinocytotic in nature, but the cisternae which were in continuity with coated vesicles could be labelled by glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) but not by thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase). Such vesicles were also seen in continuity with the neuronal plasmalemma near the closest contact site and contributed their undercoating to pre- and postsynaptic densities. The formation of bilateral membrane specialization was described as being structurally similar to synaptic active zones and appeared to be the first definitive sign of synapseformation. It has been suggested that the synaptic dense material may derive wholly or in part from the exocytic coated vesicles which apparently budding off from endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. This incorporation could provide the mechanism for confining specific characteristics of neuronal membrane to the synaptic region.     

三叉神经中脑核神经元膜的电学特性

用大鼠脑干脑片,给三叉神经中脑核79个神经元作了细胞内记录,测算了20个神经元膜的电学特性:静息电位-60.3±5.6mV;输入阻抗为10.5±5.4MΩ;时间常数1.3±0.5ms。电刺激可诱发动作电位,测算32个神经元的有关参数:阈电位-50—-55mV;波幅69.5±6.1mV;超射11.9±3.6mV;波宽0.8±0.2ms。TTX(0.3μmol/L)或无钠使之消失。通以长时程矩形波电流可引起200—250Hz的2—15个重复放电,但在通电停止前终止,TEA或4-AP可延长放电。膜电位-60—-55mV时在动作电位之后可看到阈下电位波动,它不受TTX的影响,无钙时消失,TEA或4-AP使波幅增大。静息电位去极化可使45个神经元中的40个发生外向整流作用,并被TEA,4-AP或无钙抑制,超极化则发生内向整流作用,Cs或无钠抑制之。灌流液中加入各种钾通道阻断药时神经元的稳态I-V曲线发生相应变化,提示I_(DR),l_A,I_(K(Ca))及I_Q可能都与静息时的膜电导有关。     

冷冻取代和干膜显微放射自显影

显微放射自显影技术已经在生物学研究中得到广泛的应用。但由于常规制片一系列操作中出现有各种溶液的取代更替,从而难以对一些水溶性放射性化合物在组织和细胞内的定位予以确切鉴定,同时放射性化合物     

相分配—一种纯化细胞器和膜微囊的方法

根据各种膜颗粒表面电荷密度和疏水性的差异,通过适当的相分配系统,将一种膜颗粒从其它成份中分离出来,这便是相分配法。在相分配法应用之前,都是用离心法纯化膜颗粒的,但离心法纯化的膜颗粒纯度不够高。相分配法作为离心法的辅助技术,则能满足实验对分离纯化的膜颗粒的纯度     

干旱对大豆线粒体膜脂的磷脂和脂肪酸组分的影响

干旱胁迫致使大豆叶片线粒体膜脂的PG摩尔百分含量降低,而LPC,PC,PI,PE,PA则明显提高。抗旱品种和敏感品种之间棕榈酸及亚麻酸含量有明显差异,且抗旱品种叶片线粒体膜脂的总脂肪酸不饱和指数低于敏感品种。     

气孔下腔间的水汽扩散

本文把气孔及其下腔看作截面为椭圆形的柱形区域,提出一个水汽从气孔下腔内所有细胞表面扩散到气孔外端的三维扩散模型。根据 Fick 定律和质量守恒定律建立了支配该模型的水汽扩散方程。用有限差分法,借助于计算机求得水汽从气孔下腔的所有细胞表面扩散到气孔内端所遇到的阻力及其近似表达式。并从理论上对该阻力的倒数——导度随气孔面积而变化的方式做了分析和解释。通过将本模型求得的气孔下腔阻力计算公式与 Brown 等以及 Cooke 的公式比较,发现在气孔开度变化相当大的范围内用后面两公式计算的阻力偏大0.5—1倍左右。此外,计算结果还表明:在气孔下腔水散失总量中,腔内表皮细胞表面上的水散失量占86—96%,而保卫细胞表面上的水散失量又占后者的88—93%,副卫细胞表面上的水散失量仅7—12%。