不同寄主对牧草盲蝽生长发育的影响

在人工气候条件下对牧草盲蝽若虫在9种不同寄主植物上的发育历期、存活率等进行研究,以探讨牧草盲蝽对不同寄主植物适合度,明确不同寄主对牧草盲蝽生长发育的影响。结果表明,牧草盲蝽若虫在花椰菜和四季豆上发育历期最短,分别为16.56 d和17.60 d,存活率最高,分别为76%和74%。田旋花上牧草盲蝽若虫历期最长为22.12 d,存活率最低仅35%。用花椰菜、四季豆喂养牧草盲蝽成虫体重最大,分别为0.083 g和0.069 g。用9种不同寄主对牧草盲蝽进行室内饲养,仅在花椰菜、四季豆上孵出若虫。由此可见,花椰菜、四季豆是牧草盲蝽生长发育最适寄主植物,田旋花适合度最低。     

Contaminant Removal of Domestic Wastewater by Constructed Wetlands： Effects of Plant Species

A comparative study of the efficiency of contaminant removal between five emergent plant species and between vegetated and unvegetated wetlands was conducted in small-scale （2.0 m×1.0 m×0.7 m, lengthxwidthxdepth） constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment in order to evaluate the decontaminated effects of different wetland plants. There was generally a significant difference in the removal of total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP）, but no significant difference in the removal of organic matter between vegetated and unvegetated wetlands. Wetlands planted with Canna indica Linn., Pennisetum purpureum Schum., and Phragmites communis Trin. had generally higher removal rates for TN and TP than wetlands planted with other species. Plant growth and fine root （root diameter ≤ 3 mm） biomass were related to removal efficiency. Fine root biomass rather than the mass of the entire root system played an important role in wastewater treatment. Removal efficiency varied with season and plant growth. Wetlands vegetated by P. purpureum significantly outperformed wetlands with other plants in May and June, whereas wetlands vegetated by P. communis and C. indica demonstrated higher removal efficiency from August to December. These findings suggest that abundance of fine roots is an important factor to consider in selecting for highly effective wetland plants. It also suggested that a plant community consisting of multiple plant species with different seasonal growth patterns and root characteristics may be able to enhance wetland performance.     

Diversification of the RAB Guanosine Triphosphatase Family in Dicots and Monocots

RAB guanosine triphosphatases （GTPases） are key regulators of vesicle trafficking and are essential to the growth and development of all eukaryotic cells. During evolution, the RAB family has expanded in different patterns to facilitate distinct cellular, developmental and physiological adaptations. Yeast has only 11 family members, whereas mammalian RABs have expanded to 18 RAB subfamilies. Plant RABs have diversified primarily by duplicating members within a single subfamily. Plant RABs are divided into eight subfamilies, corresponding to mammalian RAB1, RAB2, RAB5, RAB6, RAB7, RAB8, RAB11 and RAB18. Functional diversification of these is exemplified by the RAB1 ls, orthologs of which are partitioned into unique cell compartments in plants where they function to transport vesicles during localized tip growth. Similarly, the RAB2 family in grasses is likely involved in vesicle secretion associated with wall expansion, as determined by analysis of over-expression mutants. We propose that dicots and monocots have also diverged in their RAB profiles to accommodate unique cellular functions between the two groups. Here we present a bioinformatics analysis comparing the RAB sub-families of rice, maize and Arabidopsis. These results will guide future functional studies to test for the role of diversification of subfamilies unique to monocots compared to dicots.     

Survival of boll weevil （Coleoptera： Curculionidae） adults after feeding on pollens from various sources

The survival of overwintering boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis （Boheman）, adults on non-cotton hosts in the Lower Rio Grande Valley （LRGV） of Texas was examined from 2001 to 2006. The success of the Boll Weevil Eradication Program, which was reintroduced into the LRGV in 2005, depends on controlling overwintering boll weevil populations. Laboratory studies were conducted using boll weevil adults that were captured in pheromone traps from September through March. The number of adults captured per trap declined significantly in the field from fall to the beginning of spring （3.5-7.0-fold）. The proportion of trapped males and females did not differ significantly. The mean weight of boll weevil adults captured in September was 13.3 mg, while those of captured adults from November to February were significantly lower and ranged from 6.7 to 7.8 mg. Our results show that boll weevil adults can feed on different plant pollens. The highest longevity occurred when adults were fed almond pollen or mixed pollens （72.6 days and 69.2 days, respectively） and the lowest when they fed on citrus pollen or a non-food source （9.7 days or 7.4 days, respectively）. The highest adult survival occurred on almond and mixed pollens [88.0%-97. 6% after 1st feeding period （10 days）, 78.0%-90.8% after 3rd feeding period （10 days）, 55. 0%-83.6% after 5th feeding period （10 days）, and 15.2%-32.4% after lOth feeding period （10 days）]. The lowest adult survival occurred on citrus pollen [52.0%-56.0% after 1st feeding period （10 days）, 13.3% after 3rd and 5th feeding periods （10 days）, and 0 after 6th feeding period （10 days）]. Pollen feeding is not a behavior restricted to adult boll weevils of a specific sex or physiological state. Understanding how boll weevil adults survive in the absence of cotton is important to ensure ultimate success of eradicating this pest in the subtropics.     

美丽的草原，我的家

“敕勒川,阴山下,天似穹庐,笼盖四野。天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊”。内蒙古自治区从东到西跨度达4000千米,自然条件复杂,生物种类丰富,植物群落和植被类型繁多。呈现森林、森林草原、典型草原、荒漠草原、荒漠、湿地等多种     

螳螂——命运多舛的杀手

螳螂在有的地区也叫刀螂,属于动物界肢节动物门昆虫纲螳螂目。螳螂的家族很庞大,目前,全世界共有约2000种,分布于热带、亚热带和温带大部分地区。在我国,螳螂的种类也很多,蜚声江湖的有丽眼斑螳、广腹螳、中华大刀螳等等。     

微生物基因诊断在临床微生物学中的地位和应用

虽然随着抗生素和防治疫苗的广泛应用,较好地控制了一些感染性疾病的发生和流行,但细菌、病毒等病原微生物引起的感染性疾病依然是导致人们死亡的重要因素之一.     

刈割制度对呼伦贝尔草原群落特征及牧草质量的影响

为确定呼伦贝尔草原高效生产和可持续利用的最佳刈割制度,于2019—2021年在呼伦贝尔草原开展刈割时间(7月31日、8月10日、8月20日、8月30日、9月9日)、留茬高度(3、9、15 cm)及两者交互作用对草原群落特征、牧草产量和品质影响的研究。结果表明: 较晚时间刈割和低留茬刈割会降低翌年群落高度和盖度;低留茬刈割降低翌年地上部分生物量,但刈割时间对其影响不显著。禾草、莎草相对生物量随刈割时间的延迟表现出先增加后减少的趋势,杂类草则与之相反,而豆科植物无明显变化。低留茬刈割在当年能够获得高的干草产量,但翌年的干草产量显著下降;8月30日,留茬3 cm刈割时干草产量达到最高值(469 g·m^-2),高于最低值361.5%。牧草品质中粗蛋白含量在8月30日刈割时亦达到峰值,高于最低值约6.5%,且在高留茬刈割下含量更高;酸、中性洗涤纤维含量随刈割时间延迟逐渐升高,9月9日刈割高于7月31日8.0%、5.9%,并且随留茬高度增加而降低。呼伦贝尔草原刈割制度设置为留茬高度9 cm左右、8月20—30日刈割为最佳,但需更长期的刈割试验观测才能得到更可靠、更客观的结论。     

虹鳟幼鱼对不同淀粉的利用

试验旨在考察不同淀粉种类对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏糖代谢酶、肝脏组织学和摄食后血糖含量的影响。选用木薯淀粉、小麦淀粉、豌豆淀粉和玉米淀粉为淀粉源, 设置相同的淀粉水平(15%), 配制4组等氮等脂饲料, 饲喂初始体重(7.7±0.1) g的虹鳟56d。结果表明, 木薯淀粉组增重率最高(1049.3%), 饲料系数最低(0.83)。各组脏体比、肝体比、全鱼和肝脏常规组成无显著差异(P>0.05); 豌豆淀粉组肝糖原含量显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。各组血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶无显著差异(P>0.05)。木薯淀粉组和小麦淀粉组肝脏己糖激酶活性显著高于豌豆淀粉组和玉米淀粉组(P<0.05), 玉米淀粉组肝脏磷酸果糖激酶活性显著低于木薯淀粉组和小麦淀粉组(P<0.05)。摄食后, 各组的血糖含量均在7h达到最高, 木薯淀粉组在摄食后1—7h内的血糖含量显著高于其余3组(P<0.05)。各组的肝脏组织形态无显著差异。综上, 木薯淀粉较其他3种淀粉更适宜作为虹鳟饲料的淀粉源。     

广西南宁市柑橘木虱虫生真菌种类调查

自柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri体上分离虫生真菌,通过形态特征和ITS序列分析,鉴定虫生真菌的种类;通过致病性测定,明确昆虫病原真菌种类。结果发现,自死体柑橘木虱上分离到18个虫生真菌菌株,隶属4种真菌;自活体上分离到985个虫生真菌菌株,隶属25种真菌。致病性测定结果发现,仅4种真菌对柑橘木虱成虫有致病性,包括刀孢蜡蚧菌Lecanicillium psalliotae、球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana、爪哇虫草Cordyceps javanica和淡紫紫孢菌Purpureocillium lilacinum,该4种真菌的分生孢子悬浮液（浓度5×10^7个孢子/mL）接种柑橘木虱成虫后10 d的累计死亡率分别为100%、100%、98.89%和43.33%。其中爪哇虫草仅自死体柑橘木虱上分离到,刀孢蜡蚧菌仅在活体上分离到,球孢白僵菌和淡紫紫孢菌在死体和活体上均被分离到。可见,柑橘木虱活体上的虫生真菌种类丰富。生产上应加强保护和利用昆虫病原真菌,提高其对柑橘木虱的自然抑制力。