Mobilization and Acquisition of Sparingly Soluble P-Sources by Brassica Cultivars under P-Starved Environment I. Differential Growth Response,P-Efficiency Characteristics and P-Remobilization

Phosphorus （P） starvation is highly notorious for limiting plant growth around the globe. To combat P-starvation, plants constantly sense the changes in their environment, and elicit an elegant myriad of plastic responses and rescue strategies to enhance P-solublization and acquisition from bound soil P-forms. Relative growth responses, P-solublization and P- acquisition ability of 14 diverse Brassica cultivars grown with sparingly soluble P-sources （Rock-P （RP） and Ca3（PO4）2 （TCP）） were evaluated in a solution culture experiment. Cultivars showed considerable genetic diversity in terms of biomass accumulation, concentration and contents of P and Ca in shoots and roots, P-stress factor （PSF） and P use efficiency. Cultivars showed variable P-stress tolerance, and cultivars depicting low PSF and high P-efficiency values were better adaptable to P-starvation. In experiment 2, after initial feeding on optimum nutrition for 12 d after transplanting （DAT）, class-I （low P-tolerant （Oscar and Con-II）） and class-II （low P-sensitive （Gold Rush and RL-18）） cultivars were exposed to P-free environment for 25 d. All of the cultivars remobilized P from above ground parts to their roots during growth in P-free environment, the magnitude of which was variable in tested cultivars. P-concentrations （[P]s） at 37 DAT were higher in developing compared with developed leaves. Translocation of absorbed P from metabolically inactive to active sites in P- stressed plants may have helped class-I cultivars to establish a better rooting system, which provided a basis for enhanced P-utilization efficiency （PUE） and tolerance against P-stress. By supplying TCP and RP spatially separated from other nutrients in split root study, class-I cultivars were still able to mobilize RP and TCP more efficiently compared with class-II cultivars. To compare the growth behavior under P-stress, cultivars were grown in pots for 41 d after sowing, using a soil low in P （NaHCO3-extractable P = 3.97 mg/kg, M     

Mobilization and Acquisition of Sparingly Soluble P-Sources by Brassica Cultivars under P-Starved Environment II. Rhizospheric pH changes,Redesigned Root Architecture and Pi-Uptake Kinetics

Non-mycorrhizal Brassica does not produce specialized root structures such as cluster or dauciform roots but is an effective user of P compared with other crops. In addition to P-uptake, utilization and remobilization activity, acquisition of orthophosphate （Pi） from extracellular sparingly P-sources or unavailable bound P-forms can be enhanced by biochemical rescue mechanisms such copious H＋-efflux and/or carboxylates exudation into rhizosphere by roots via plasmalemma H＋ ATPase and anion channels triggered by P-starvation. To visualize the dissolution of sparingly soluble Ca-phosphate （Ca-P）, newly formed Ca-P was suspended in agar containing other essential nutrients. With NH4＋ applied as the N source, the precipitate dissolved in the root vicinity can be ascribed to rhizosphere acidification, whereas no dissolution occurred with nitrate nutrition. To observe in situ rhizospheric pH changes, images were recorded after embedding the roots in agar containing bromocresol purple as a pH indicator. P-tolerant cultivar showed a greater decrease in pH than the sensitive cultivar in the culture media （the appearance of typical patterns of various colors of pH indicator in the root vicinity）, and at stress P-level this acidification was more prominent. In experiment 2, low P-tolerant class-I cultivars （Oscar and Con-II） showed a greater decrease in solution media pH than low P-sensitive class-II （Gold Rush and RL-18） cultivars, and P-contents of the cultivars was inversely related to decrease in culture media pH. To elucidate P-stress- induced remodeling and redesigning in a root architectural system, cultivars were grown in rhizoboxes in experiment 3. The elongation rates of primary roots increased as P-supply increased, but the elongation rates of the branched zones of primary roots decreased. The length of the lateral roots and topological index values increased when cultivars were exposed to a P-stress environment. To elucidate Pi-uptake kinetics, parameters related to P influx： maximal     

美国学习环教学要点、优点和难点

学习环教学主要分为3个阶段：探索、术语介绍及概念应用。它的目标是在教学中开展真正有意义的探究活动．从而提高学生的探究能力和帮助学生建构有意义的概念。这对于目前我国开展的探究教学具有参考和借鉴价值。     

利用现代化教学手段改革植物学教学

1．前言 21世纪,世界教育正面临着深刻的变革。教育的国际化,高新技术的应用,网络教育的发展等等,给高等教育带来了强烈的冲击。同样,也给植物学教学带来了影响,植物学是生物科学专业大学一年级新生的基础专业课程。植物学又是一门古老、内容广博、理论性和实践性都很强的学科。同时,它又是一门传统的学科,随着其他新学科的涌现,     

Advances in chloroplast engineering

The chloroplast is a pivotal organelle in plant cells and eukaryotic algae to carry out photosynthesis, which provides the primary source of the world＇s food. The expression of foreign genes in chloroplasts offers several advantages over their expression in the nucleus： high-level expression, transgene stacking in operons and a lack of epigenetic interference allowing stable transgene expression. In addition, transgenic chloroplasts are generally not transmitted through pollen grains because of the cytoplasmic localization. In the past two decades, great progress in chloroplast engineering has been made. In this paper, we review and highlight recent studies of chloroplast engineering, including chloroplast transformation procedures, controlled expression of plastid transgenes in plants, the expression of foreign genes for improvement of plant traits, the production of biopharmaceuticals, metabolic pathway engineering in plants, plastid transformation to study RNA editing, and marker gene excision system.     

《植物学通报》作者指南

1 目标和范围 《植物学通报》是由中国科学院植物研究所和中国植物学会主办的中文版综合性学术期刊,1983年创刊,双月刊,128页,国内外公开发行。本刊主要接受高水平的以下稿件：（1）植物学各学科领域的中文原始研究论文和简报;（2）具有新观点和前瞻眭的综述。本刊设以下栏目：（1）综述;（2）研究论文;（3）实验简报;（4）组织培养简讯;（5）技术与方法;（6）专题介绍;（7）学术论坛。     

西双版纳傣族村寨对湿地植物的传统利用

作者用半结构访谈与关键人物访谈相结合,并佐以证据标本采集的民族植物学研究方法,对云南省西双版纳3个自然环境和经济社会条件差异较大的典型傣族村寨(曼降,曼安,曼伞)居民的湿地植物知识,以及不同性别、年龄人群掌握湿地植物知识的差异作了统计分析。研究结果表明:(1)西双版纳傣族村寨利用的湿地植物种类丰富,经鉴定的有46科102种,以湿生植物为主;利用类型有食用类、药用、代茶类和宗教类等,以食用类为主。(2)三个村寨中以曼伞调查和采集到的植物种类最多,曼安次之,曼降最低。3个村寨利用的湿地植物种类的相似性低。这与村寨周围的自然植被类型及其干扰程度密切相关。(3)统计分析显示,村寨的自然环境与经济发展状况对该村村民传统湿地知识的掌握有重要的影响。食用和药用、代茶植物知识在3个村寨都表现为年长组(>45岁)明显高于年轻组(≤45岁,P<0.05),而男性和女性对不同知识的掌握则因村寨自然环境和经济发展状况的不同而各不相同。植物多样性和民族传统文化多样性的关系显示出传统知识的传承对植物多样性保护是十分重要的。     

《植物生态学报》最新各项评价指标

《植物生态学报》1955年创刊,是我国生态学领域创刊最早的专业性学术刊物,本刊于2002年开放阅览,是我国最早的开放阅览期刊（OAJ）。本刊刊登稿件主要以发表植物生态学领域及与本学科有关的创新性原始论文或有新观点的国际植物生态学研究前沿和动态的综述。本刊还设有论坛栏目,主要对学科发展中具有争议性的问题开展学术争鸣和讨论,促进学科发展。刊登论文涉及植物学、生态学、农学、林学、     

新书介绍

生物入侵:中国外来入侵植物图谱(编著者:万方浩,刘全儒,谢明等)内容提要:本书为"生物入侵:中国外来入侵物种"系列图鉴之一。共收录了142种重要的入侵植物,介绍了入侵植物的学名、英文名、中文异名、形态特征、识别要点、生境及危害、控制措施、中国分     

民族植物学方法在扬州乡土挺水观赏植物筛选中的应用

为探讨民族植物学在城市乡土挺水观赏植物筛选中的应用价值, 以江苏扬州为研究区域, 在对该地区挺水植物分布概况调查的基础上, 对该地区挺水植物的观赏价值进行评价, 以期筛选出具有较高观赏价值的乡土挺水植物来代替相应的外来观赏植物。结果发现扬州地区共有常见挺水植物93 种, 隶属于28 科, 62 属, 其中莎草科(Cyperaceae)、禾本科(Gramineae)和蓼科(Polygonaceae)植物种类数较丰富, 占总种数的50%。在综合利用价值评价结果的基础上应用民族植物学方法对20 种很少或尚未被应用的扬州乡土挺水植物的观赏价值进行了比较, 结果表明不同植物在群体水平和个体水平上的观赏价值存在差异, 在个体水平上观赏价值较高的为水烛(Typha angustifolia)、鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)和毛草龙(Ludwigia octovalvis)等, 在群体水平上观赏价值较高的为蚕茧草(Polygonum japonicum)、水烛和水葱(Scirpus validus)等。