CPAP治疗对OSAHS患者血浆TNF-α水平的影响及临床意义的研究

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血浆TNF-α水平的变化,以及CPAP治疗的影响和临床意义.方法:48例多导睡眠图确诊的男性OSAHS患者,按照呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为轻度OSAHS 组(n=15),中度OSAHS组(n=16),重度OSAHS组(n=17).16例年龄和体重指数(BMI)匹配的健康男性作为对照组,其中13例中重度OSAHS患者进行持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗.ELISA法测定血浆ZNF-α浓度.对OSAHS患者血浆TNF-α与睡眠期AHI和最低脉氧饱和度(miniSpO2)进行Pearson相关性分析.结果:轻度、中度和重度OSAHS组TNF-α浓度分别为(11.49±1.32 pg/ml)、(13.29±1.73pg/ml)、(14.74±2.72pg/ml),均显著高于正常对照组(9.29±1.74pg/ml).TNF-α水平随OSAHS程度加重而增高.Pearson相关性分析显示OSAHS患者TNF-α浓度与呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)呈显著正相关(r=0.714,P<0.001),与miniSpO2间呈显著负相关(r=0.601,P<0.001).CPAP治疗后OSAHS患者血浆TNF-α水平显著降低(P<0.001).结论:CPAP治疗可降低或防止OSAHS患者的动脉硬化进展.     

The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development

Chloroplasts （plastids） possess a genome and their own machinery to express it. Translation in plastids occurs on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes utilizing a set of tRNAs that is entirely encoded in the plastid genome. In recent years, the components of the chloroplast translational apparatus have been intensely studied by proteomic approaches and by reverse genetics in the model systems tobacco （plastid-encoded components） and Arabidopsis （nucleus-encoded components）. This work has provided important new insights into the structure, function, and biogenesis of chloroplast ribosomes, and also has shed fresh light on the molecular mechanisms of the translation process in plastids. In addition, mutants affected in plastid translation have yielded strong genetic evidence for chloroplast genes and gene products influencing plant develop- ment at various levels, presumably via retrograde signaling pathway（s）. In this review, we describe recent progress with the functional analysis of components of the chloroplast translational machinery and discuss the currently available evidence that supports a significant impact of plastid translational activity on plant anatomy and morphology.     

Comparative analysis of chromosome segregation in human,yeasts and trypanosome

Chromosome segregation is a tightly regulated process through which duplicated genetic materials are equally partitioned into daughter cells. During the past decades, tremendous efforts have been made to understand the molecular mechanism of chromosome segregation using animals and yeasts as model systems. Recently, new insights into chromosome segregation have gradually emerged using trypanosome, an early branching parasitic protozoan, as a model organism. To uncover the unique aspects of chromosome segregation in trypanosome, which potentially could serve as new drug targets for anti-trypanosome chemotherapy, it is necessary to perform a comparative analysis of the chromosome segregation machinery between trypanosome and its human host. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge about chromosome segregation in human and Trypanosoma brucei, with a focus on the regulation of cohesin and securin degradation triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome （APC/C）. We also include yeasts in our comparative analysis since some of the original discoveries were made using budding and fission yeasts as the model organisms and, therefore, these could provide hints about the evolution of the machinery. We highlight both common and unique features in these model systems and also provide perspectives for future research in trypanosome.     

变异性咳嗽病人肺通气功能检测结果分析

目的分析肺通气功能检测在变异性咳嗽患者诊断中的价值。方法选择2013年1~12月在我院呼吸科门诊确诊为变异性咳嗽的患者80例(发作组),行肺通气功能检测,内容包括用力肺活量(FVC),第一秒最大时间肺活量(FEV1)一秒率(FEV1/FVC)测定,呼气流量峰值(PEF%)和最大呼气中段流量(FEV25%,FEV50%,FEV75%)等指标,并与同期健康体检者50例(对照组)对照分析。结果发作组肺通气功能指标低于对照组,小气道指标FEV25%,FEV50%,FEV75%,MMEF较大气道指标FEV1,MEFV,FEV1/FVC下降较明显。结论肺通气功能的检测可以评价变异性咳嗽患者的小气道功能障碍,为其诊断和病情的动态观察提供依据。     

关于复合呼吸机械负荷生理、心理效应的观察与分析

以12名男性成年为被试者,观察了外加死腔(V_(ADS))与吸气阻力(RI)对呼吸型式、通气功能以及呼吸不适感觉的联合影响。结果表明:(1)V_(ADS)及R_I对吸气相面罩腔(口腔)压力(P_I)及外呼吸功率(W_I)具有协同的增强作用;复合呼吸机械负荷的强度越大,此种协同作用也越加明显。(2)无论V_(ADS)及R_I的比例关系如何,反应呼吸不适感觉强度的类别量值(S)与P_I(或W_I)之间,总是符合共同的线性关系,故可以P_I(或W_I)作为复合呼吸机械负荷的综合强度指标。(3)在所观察范围内,V_(ADS)并不影响对阻力性机械负荷的呼吸调节功能。以上结果对制订呼吸防护装备生理标准有一定意义。     

呼吸机相关性肺炎的痰培养细菌分布和细菌耐药性分析

目的:探讨呼吸机相关性肺炎痰培养的泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的分布情况,分析泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性与危险因素。方法:选择2016年1月到2016年12月在我院进行机械通气的患者3826例作为研究对象,其中发生泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌呼吸机相关性肺炎98例为观察组,同期按照2:1的比例选择非泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌呼吸机相关性肺炎患者49例作为对照组,两组都进行细菌耐药性分析,同时调查患者的临床资料,分析呼吸机相关性肺炎患者中泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染发生的危险因素。结果:观察组对于头孢噻肟、哌拉西林、亚胺培南、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星、四环素、头孢他啶都高度耐药;除哌拉西林、多粘菌素外,对照组对抗菌药物的耐药率均明显低于观察组(P0.05)。单因素分析结果显示合并糖尿病、机械通气时间、APACHEⅡ评分、GCS评分、深静脉置管等因素与呼吸机相关性肺炎患者中泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染显著相关(P0.05);非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示糖尿病、机械通气时间、APACHEⅡ评分、GCS评分导致呼吸机相关性肺炎患者中泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:呼吸机相关性肺炎患者中泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染比较常见,对绝大多数抗菌药物有耐药性,糖尿病、机械通气时间、APACHEⅡ评分、GCS评分为主要的危险因素。     

拉萨健康藏汉族成人低氧通气反应及肺通气功能比较研究

对海拔３６５８ｍ高原（拉萨）２７名拉萨世居藏族及３０名已习服的移居汉族两组的低氧通气反应（ＨＶＲ）和肺通气功能进行了比较研究。两组的年龄、身高、体重和平时运动强度基本相同。结果显示：世居组的每分钟气量（ＶＥ）,呼吸频率、ＨＶＲ和高二氧化碳通气反应（ＨＣＶＲ）均高于移居组,两组的ＰＥＴＣＯ２及Ｓａｏ２无显著性差异;吸入高浓度Ｏ２后,世居组的ＶＥ增加,ＰＥＴＣＯ２下降,而移居组维持不变。结果表明高原世     

高原移居汉族和世居藏族低、高氧通气反应性研究

高原移居汉族和世居藏族低、高氧通气反应性研究杨生岳,冯恩志,马子琪,詹正嵩（西宁解放军第四医院８１００１４）在海拔４７５０ｍ,对高原世居藏族和由平原移居该高度不同时间的汉族作了低、高氧通气反应研究。１对象与方法受试者分３组：短居组（第１组）：为平原移...     

机械应力对红细胞膜上葡萄糖运输蛋白功能的调节

对旋转于通用分光光度计比色皿中的红细胞悬浮液,研究了转速和细胞所受的机械应力之间的关系。通过测定人红细胞膜上葡萄糖运输特性的变化,观测到随着机械应力的增大,膜对葡萄糖的输入显著加快,但同时葡萄糖的输出迅速减慢。对这些现象的生理学意义及可能的机制进行了讨论     

高原（2260m）女子公路自行车运动员的通气无氧阈,乳酸阈和最大氧…

采用实验室递增负荷运动试验和运动现场血乳酸的测定,研究了高原（２２６０ｍ）女子公路自行车运动员的通气无氧阈,乳酸阈及最大氧耗量,结果发现,通气无氧阈时的氧耗量为２．０３１／ｍｉｎ,功率为１３１．４Ｗ乳酸阈（以运动速度表示）为３３．０ｋｍ／ｈ。通气无氧时对应的心率（１３７次／ｍｉｎ）低于乳酸阈的心率（１５３次／ｍｉｎ）。最大氧耗量的绝对值（２．８１／ｍｉｎ）和相对值（４７．４ｍｌ／ｋｇ．ｍｉｎ）分别