玉米地节肢动物群落优势功能集团的组成与演替

近年来 ,对于农作物害虫的研究 ,不再局限于单个害虫的发生规律 ,而偏向于对昆虫群落的研究 ,因为群落是联结种群与生态系统之间的桥梁。对有害生物的综合治理 ,也更加注重对群落结构的影响 ,而不是只考虑某一特定有害生物的本身[9] 。研究和分析节肢动物群落的结构特征 ,对于控制害虫的种群变动及进行综合治理有重要的意义。金翠霞等运用种类丰富度 (ｓ)、均匀性 (ｖ′)和申农系数 (ｓｈａｎｎｎｏｎｉｎｄｅｘＨ′)分析了稻田节肢动物群落和各亚群落多样性的空间层次差异 ,季节动态以及杀虫剂对群落结构的影响[5] 。郝树广等把稻田节肢动…     

大气CO2增加对陆地生态系统微量气体地-气交换的影响

简要综述了近年来国内外在大气CO2浓度增加对微量气体交换影响方面的研究进展,首先介绍了有关大气CO2浓度增加的研究技术和方法,比较了目前两种常用技术开顶箱（OTC）和开放式空气CO2增加（FACE）方法的优缺点,然后着重阐述了用OTC和FACE研究陆地生态系统CH4、N2O、CO2等微量气体的地气交换对大气CO2浓度增加的响应,综合现有的资料表明,大气CO2浓度增加,会促进绿色植物生物量增加,同时改变生物质的C/N,降低有机质的分解速率,增强了陆地生态系统对大气CO2的固特作用;大气CO2浓度增加会提高产甲烷菌的活性和影响CH4的排放过程,有可能导致湿地生态系统CH4的排放增加;大气CO2浓度增加对N2O排放影响的研究较少,且尚无一致的结论;另外,对于其他微量气体,尚没有盯关研究报道,鉴于此,今后应加强大气CO2浓度增加的微量气体地气交换响应研究。     

长白山岳桦种群格局的地统计学分析

应用地统计学的原理和方法研究了长白山岳桦种群空间分布格局及其空间相关关系,首先通过样方调查数据计算岳桦材积的半变异函数,拟合半变异函数模型,然后根据拟合的最优半变异函数模型,进行空间数据插值、绘制岳桦材积的克立拉图,最后对所得到的不同海拔质海拔岳桦材积的半变异函数图和克立格图进行分析。结果表明,在海拔1650－1700m岳桦材积的半变异函数曲线为球形,其空间分布格局为聚集型,种群呈衰退趋势;海拔1750－2000m岳桦材积的半变异函数曲线为直线形,其空间分布格局为随机型,种群较稳定;在海拔2000－2150m岳桦材积的半变异函数曲线为球形,其空间分布格局为聚集型,种群呈增长趋势,这说明长白山桦整体上有一种向上迁移的趋势,尤其是过渡带中的岳桦表现则为更为明显。     

甘肃省地种蝇属（双翅目：花蝇科）三新种

记述采自甘肃省的花蝇科地种蝇属Dilia R-D三新种,分别为曲叶地种蝇D。ancylosurstyla sp.nov.,该种近似土耳其地种蝇D.turcica Hennig,1974,但新种雄复眼裸;无外方肩后鬃,前中鬃1－2对,粗壮;后股无后复鬃,第3,4腹板长形;侧尾叶侧面观较细长,端部明显变狭,其后面观中部明显变宽等不同;尖花地种蝇Delia apicifloralis sp.nov.,该种近似于拟萝卜地种蝇D.floraliformis Hennig,1974,但新种雄额狭,约等于前单眼宽;中胫前背鬃2,后背鬃2,后股前腹鬃和后腹鬃列完整而长大;第5腹板侧叶具6－7根粗大的强鬃,侧叶长于基部,肛尾叶侧缘平直,侧尾叶后面观其端部变狭等不;长芒地种蝇Delia longiarista sp.nov.,该种近似于北欧的Delia angustaeformis Ringdahl,1933,但新种雄额宽,为单眼宽的2倍,侧颜为触角宽的1．5倍,芒长羽状,最后芒毛为触角宽的1．3倍;前中鬃为2行刚毛状;第五腹板侧叶短;肛尾叶较长,侧尾叶端部不变狭等不同。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

尽快地开展我国民族植物学的研究

本文论述了民族植物学的含义 ,在我国开展民族植物学的意义和如何推动民族植物学研究的开展提出了建议。     

川东獐牙菜植物学和生物学特征研究

目的 :研究川东獐牙菜的植物学和生物学特征 ,为川东獐牙菜的野生变家种提供依据。方法 :野外观察与试验地观察研究相结合。结果 :本文对川东獐牙菜的植物学特征和生物学特征进行了较系统的观察研究 ,并有一些新的发现。     

沧桑罕山(一)三访罕山

初识赛罕乌拉已是20年前的事了,作为考古工作者的我担负着一项调查位于赛罕乌拉南部岗根嘎查的一处古岩画任务.     

Molecular phylogeny of Soims-laubachia （Brassicaceae） s.l., based on multiple nuclear and plastid DNA sequences,and its biogeographic implications

The Hengduan Mountains region of south-west China is a noted biodiversity,hotspot, but the geographic origins and historical assembly of its rich endemic flora, including the sky-island species ofSolms-laubachia Muschl. （Brassicaceae）, have been little studied. Previous molecular studies on the phylogeny of Solms-laubachia showed it to be paraphyletic, leading to considerable expansion not only of its taxonomic limits, but also its geographic range, with the inclusion of taxa from outside the Hengduan region. However, these studies provided little resolution of interspecific relationships, preventing inferences about historical biogeography within the clade. In the present study, new sequence data from two nuclear genes （LEAFY and G3pdh） and two chloroplast intergenic spacers （petN-psbM and psbM-trnD） were combined with existing markers to increase phylogenetic signals. Phaeonychium villosum （Maxim.） Al-Shehbaz was found to be nested within Solms-laubachia s.l. In general, phylogenetic relationships appear to be a good predictor of geography, with the Hengduan Mountain endemics embedded in a paraphyletic grade of species from the western Himalayas and central Asia, but they also imply morphological homoplasy, lncongruence was detected between the nuclear and chloroplast gene trees, perhaps resulting from incomplete lineage sorting of ancestral polymorphisms. The crown age ofSolms-laubachia s.l. was estimated to be approximately 1.42-3.68 mya, using Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analysis. Historical biogeographic analysis using a parametric dispersalextinction-cladogenesis model inferred central Asia and the western Himalayas as most probable ancestral range of Solms-laubachia s.l., and estimated higher rates of eastward expansion than westward during the diversification of descendant lineages. In summary, our results suggest that Solms-laubachia s.l. originated during the Pliocene in central Asia, and subsequently migrated eastward into the Hengduan Mountains, colonizing sky-island, alpine scre     

Singchia and Gunnaria, two new genera of Orchidaceae

Singchia Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, a new orchid genus, is established based on the new species S. malipoensis Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen found in southeast Yunnan, China. The new genus is related to Pteroceras, from which it differs by having a lip with its basal margins immovably adnate to the lower part of the pendent column foot, a thin-walled spur, and very unequally and deeply split pollinia, each with a distinct caudicle. In addition to a discussion on Ascocentrum pusillum, a species of questionable placement, another new genus, namely Gunnaria S. C. Chen ex Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, is set up and a new combination, namely G. pusilla （Aver.） Z. J. Liu ＆ L. J. Chen, is made. The new genus Gunnaria differs from its allyAscocentrum by having a cross-shaped pollinarium, sulcate or split pollinia, each with a distinct caudicle attached to a common linear stipe much longer than either pollinia or viscidium, and strongly incurved side lobes of the lip.