0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂防治茄子红蜘蛛田间药效初报

藜芦碱可是一种新型植物源农药。通过田间试验对0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂防治茄子红蜘蛛的效果进行分析。结果表明,0.5%藜芦碱可溶剂300倍液对红蜘蛛有一定的防治效果,初次药后3 d和二次药后5 d的防治效果较低,但末次药后5 d平均防效可达到71.63%。因此,该药剂防治红蜘蛛具有速效性差、持效性好的特点,可用于春季红蜘蛛高发期之前的防治,或与化学药剂交替使用以减轻化学农药对环境和生态的影响。     

紫黑米种质功能成分综合研究与利用

紫黑米富含花青素、黄酮、多酚等功能成分,着重介绍了花青素等功能成分的含量差异及其影响因素、功能研究、基于代谢机理与育种及食品加工工艺的功能成分强化研究、功能成分的利用及提取工艺等领域的研究进展。针对国内外紫黑米功能成分综合研究利用进展,提出紫黑米的育种利用、食品保健、医药研发和分子机理研究及其新型功能食品研制与产业化对策,以期为紫黑米相关研究提供参考。     

人工草地建植对三江源区退化高寒草甸土壤有机碳组分的影响

三江源区高寒草甸的退化正威胁着区域生态安全,如何恢复其土壤有机碳水平是治理该区域退化高寒草甸的关键。本研究以三江源区典型的退化高寒草甸及经其改建而来的人工草地(3年和7年)为对象,运用酸水解法将土壤有机碳库分为活性碳组分I、活性碳组分II和惰性碳组分,定量评估人工草地建植后土壤有机碳组分及其生物化学稳定性的变化特征。结果表明：各类样地土壤有机碳组分含量按照惰性碳组分、活性碳组分I和活性碳组分II的顺序依次递减,表明惰性碳组分是土壤有机碳库的主要构成部分;在建植人工草地3年后,0～30 cm土层的总有机碳、活性碳组分I和惰性碳组分含量均未发生显著变化,而活性碳组分II含量出现显著下降(P<0.05);相比之下,建植人工草地7年后,除土壤活性碳组分II含量未发生显著变化外,总有机碳和其他碳组分含量均呈现出增加的变化趋势;退化高寒草甸、建植3年和建植7年人工草地的土壤有机碳惰性指数分别为43.7%～48.4%、42.3%～48.9%和42.3%～53.4%,尽管建植7年人工草地的土壤有机碳惰性指数要高于其他两类样地,但仅在10～20 cm土层表现为显著差异(P<0.05)。综上表...     

植物糖与激素信号途径的交叉会话

植物良好的生长发育状态需要体内众多生物学过程的有序参与,而其中最关键的就是光合作用及营养物质的吸收。这些复杂的生物学过程需要多种激素和糖信号的共同响应以及在各组织间的精密协同。目前,关于糖信号与激素信号的协同调控研究主要围绕DELLAs与PIFs展开,二者作为核心元件,在介导糖与赤霉素、细胞分裂素、油菜素内酯、茉莉酸甲酯、脱落酸和生长素之间的交叉会话中起着重要的串联作用。研究糖与激素的交叉会话可深入阐明植物生长发育与环境应答的分子机制,并为进一步的作物改良和育种提供新思路和理论依据。     

福州地区碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌碳青霉烯酶基因型研究

目的探讨福州地区碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)碳青霉烯酶基因型的流行情况。方法收集多家医院临床标本中分离得到的107株CRAB。应用K-B纸片扩散法进行药物敏感试验。采用PCR法检测7种碳青霉烯酶基因,包括OXA-23、OXA-24、OXA-51、OXA-58、IMP-1、IMP-4和VIM-2。结果 107株CRAB对除多粘菌素B、米诺环素外的其他所有常见的抗生素均为耐药。碳青霉烯酶基因OXA-51、OXA-23的检出率分别为100.0%(107/107)和87.9%(94/107)。其他OXA-24、OXA-58、IMP-1、IMP-4和VIM-2基因均未检出。结论福州地区临床分离的CRAB耐药现象严重;表达OXA-23基因是CRAB对碳青霉烯类药物耐药的重要机制之一。     

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of China shrubland net primary production and its response to climate change from 2001 to 2013

Aims Net primary production (NPP) is the input to terrestrial ecosystem carbon pool. Climate and land use change affect NPP significantly. Shrublands occupy more than 20% of the terrestrial area of China, and their NPP is comparable to those of the forests. Our objective was to estimate China shrubland NPP from 2001 to 2013, and to analyze its variation and response to climate change.Methods We used a Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model to estimate the NPP of six shrubland types in China from 2001 to 2013. Furthermore, we used Theil-Sen slope combined with Mann-kendall test to analyze its spatial variation and a linear regression of one-variable model to analyze its inter- and intra-annual variation. Finally, a multi-factor linear regression model was used to analyze its response to climate change.Important findings We found the annual mean NPP of China shrubland was 281.82 g•m^-2•a^-1. The subtropical evergreen shrubland has the maximum NPP of 420.47 g•m^-2•a^-1, while the high cold desert shrubland has the minimum NPP of 52.65 g•m^-2•a^-1. The countrywide shrublands NPP increased at the rate of 1.23 g•m^-2•a^-1, the relative change rate was 5.99%. The temperate deciduous shrubland NPP increased the fastest with a speed of 3.05 g•m^-2•a^-1 and subalpine evergreen shrubland had a decreasing trend with a speed of -0.73 g•m^-2•a^-1. Moreover, the other four shrublands NPP had a growing trend, only subalpine deciduous shrubland NPP did not change significantly. The response of NPP to climate change of different seasons varies to different shrubland types. In general, the NPP variation was mainly affected by precipitation, and the spring warming also contributed to it. The increase of countrywide shrubland NPP may promote its contribution to the regional ecosystem function.     

鼎湖山3种演替阶段森林土壤C、N、P现状及动态

为探讨森林演替过程中土壤C、N、P的变化,通过测定鼎湖山3种演替阶段的森林土壤有机碳(SOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量,对他们的化学计量进行分析。结果表明,鼎湖山3种森林土壤SOC和TN随演替阶段而增加,演替中后期表层土壤(0~20 cm)与演替初期的差异达到显著水平(P0.05),在土壤剖面上的分布都呈现显著的表层富集现象,且表层土壤与其他土层均有显著差异(P0.05)。土壤TP含量随演替阶段没有呈现出有规律的变化,不同演替阶段间也没有显著差异,但不同演替阶段土壤TP在土壤剖面上的分布表现不同,演替前期土壤TP含量随着土层深度增加而增加,演替后期土壤TP随土层深度的增加而降低,而演替中期土壤TP含量在各土层间没有显著差异。土壤C∶N不受土层深度和演替进程的影响,而土壤C∶P和N∶P均表现为随演替阶段而增加,随土层加深而降低。这些揭示了森林土壤SOC、TN和TP含量随演替进展及其在土壤剖面上的分布取决于土壤C、N、P的来源方式。     

Duration of mulching caused variable pools of labile organic carbon in a Phyllostachys edulis plantation

Aims Soil total organic carbon and labile organic carbon are important indicators in evaluating soil quality. Mulching is widely applied to promote the emergence of bamboo shoot in winter time through stand management. Yet the consequences of mulching on soil quality in Phyllostachys edulis have not been well studied. We aim at the quantitative effect of mulching duration on soil quality in P. edulis stands.
Methods Several P. edulis stands located in Huangyan District of Taizhou, Zhejiang Province of China, had been applied with mulching for 1-2 years and were used in this study to assess the mulching effects. We also selected stands without mulching treatment as the reference sites (or control, CK) for comparisons.||||Important findings Total soil organic carbon (TOC), light fraction organic matter (LFOM), and easily-oxidized carbon (EOC) contents at stands with 1-year and 2-year mulching treatments were significantly increased compared with those at the CK sites. The 1-year mulching increased TOC, LFOM and EOC by 11.2%-74.2%, 31.7%-196.9% and 5.0%-79.6%, respectively, than those of CK sites, while by 22.2%-90.8%, 36.7%-238.5%, and 21.9%-97.5% with 2-year treatment. However, the contents of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) changed insignificantly. Among the indicators, we found that WSOC:TOC in CK was higher than that with the mulching treatments, while EOC:TOC with 1-year treatment was higher than that with 2-year treatment, and EOC:TOC with 2-year treatment was higher than that of CK. Additionally, WSOC, EOC, and LFOM at all three treatments showed high correlations with TOC, with a higher correlation coefficient of WSOC with TOC of 0- 30 cm soil layers in CK than those with mulching treatments. The correlation coefficient of EOC and LFOM with TOC was the highest at the 2-year mulching sites. More importantly, TOC, WSOC, EOC, and LFOM were significantly (p < 0.05), or extremely significantly (p < 0.01), correlated with soil nutrient content, including total N, hydrolysis N, available P, available K, exchangeable Ca, and exchangeable Mg in all treatments. In sum, it appeared that mulching in short term can increase the contents of TOC, soil labile organic carbons and soil nutrients in bamboo soils, yielding an improved soil quality and thus can be promoted as a plausible practice for the sustainable management of P. edulis stands.     

可溶性环氧化物水解酶在疾病中的作用

花生四烯酸经过细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450,CYP)表氧化酶途径生成环氧二十碳三烯酸(epoxy eicosatrienoic acid,EETs),具有扩张血管、降低血压、抗炎等多种生物学功能。在哺乳动物系统中的可溶性环氧化物水解酶（soluble epoxide hydrolase,sEH)具有α/β水解酶折叠结构,对环氧脂肪酸具有高度的选择性。sEH能够快速水解EETs,增加患心血管疾病的风险。目前,研究发现sEH抑制剂具有抑制sEH活性、提高EETs的含量的重要功能。 在多种疾病动物模型中应用sEH抑制剂或sEH基因敲除,证实sEH在心肌肥厚、糖尿病、高血压和肾病等疾病中发挥重要的生理作用。因此,sEH已被作为疾病治疗的新靶点而进行研究。本文就sEH的分布、作用机制以及sEH与疾病的关系等方面进行了讨论。     

艾草和窃衣挥发物的提取鉴定及其对烟粉虱MED隐种成虫选择性的影响

[目的]在前期研究中,我们发现艾草Artemisia argyi和窃衣Torilis scabra都有吸引或驱避昆虫的作用.然而还未见有研究报道艾草和窃衣以及它们的挥发物对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci MED隐种成虫的作用.本研究旨在检测能否利用艾草和窃衣及其挥发物对烟粉虱MED隐种成虫实施绿色防控.[方法]通过...