神经系统与细胞凋亡

目录一、ＰＣＤ和细胞凋亡二、神经细胞凋亡的特征和机制（一）激活凋亡的因素（二）凋亡的形态学特征（三）与凋亡的形态学特征相关的机制三、细胞凋亡与坏死（一）相同的触发因子（二）可能相同的第二信使及下游因子（三）Ｂｃｌ２家族的作用（四）线粒体通透性改变（...     

容积调控氯通道的研究进展

细胞在低渗环境中出现渗透性膨胀 ,随后细胞内的溶质及水分外流 ,使已膨胀的细胞容积向正常容积转化 ,此过程称为调节性细胞容积减小 (RVD) ,它是哺乳动物细胞普遍存在的现象。容积调控氯通道 (VRAC)在这个过程中起重要作用 ,不仅如此 ,最近研究发现VRAC参与了细胞增殖、分化和凋亡过程。本文主要综述了VRAC的生物学特点和生理功能等方面的研究进展     

滋养层细胞凋亡调控的研究

胎盘滋养层是母体与胎儿之间进行氧气、营养物质和代谢物交换的组织。大量研究证实 ,滋养层细胞凋亡是正常妊娠过程中存在的一种生理现象 ,具有重要的生理意义。滋养层细胞的凋亡受到Bcl 2家族蛋白、Fas FasL系统、p5 3蛋白及细胞因子等多种因素的调控。本文主要介绍滋养层细胞凋亡的调控及滋养层细胞凋亡与妊娠相关疾病的研究进展。     

Inhibiting apoptosis of CTLL-2 cells to enhance their GVL effects via anti-Fas ribozyme

Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is an adoptiveimmunotherapy to achieve particular therapy aims forpatients accepting allogenetic hemopoietic stem celltransplantation [1–3]. Recently, many researches havetestified that the graft-versus-leukemia effect (GV…     

Binding activity of H-Ras is necessary for in vivo inhibition of ASK1 activity

H-Ras is well known as one of the essential components of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK cascade, which is a critical prosurvival signaling mechanism in most eukaryotic cells. Ras targets Raf/MEK/ERK cascade by integrating and transmitting extracellular signals from growth factor receptors to Raf, leading to the propagation of signals to modulate a serious of cellular survival events. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinasel (ASK1) serves as a general mediator of cell death because it is responsive to a variety of death signals. In this study, we found that H-Ras interacted with ASK1 to cause the inhibition of both ASK1 activity and ASKl-induced apoptosis in vivo, which was reversed only partially by addition of RafS621 A, an antagonist of Raf, whereas MEK inhibitor, PD98059, and PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, did not disturb the inhibitory effect of H-Ras on ASK-1-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, by means of immunoprecipitate and kinase assays, we demonstrated that the interaction between H-Ras and ASK1 as well as the inhibition of ASKI activity were dependent on the binding activity of H-Ras. These results suggest that a novel mechanism may be involved in H-Rasmediated cell survival in addition to the well established MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt kinase-dependent enhancement of cell survival.     

The cell cycle related apoptotic susceptibility to arsenic trioxide is associated with the level of reactive oxygen species

Double staining flow cytometry was performed using 7-amino actinomycin D and 6-carboxy-2‘,7‘-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, to detect the level fluctuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the cell cycle of normal NB4 cells. Our results showed that NB4 cells possessed higher level of ROS in G2/M phase than in G1 and S phases. Double staining flow cytometry, with TdT mediated dUTP nick end labeling (Tunel) and propidium iodide(PI), indicated that As2O3 (2μM) could induce apoptosis in NB4 cells prevailingly from G2/M phase, and this efficacy was enhanced upon co-administration of 2, 3-dimethoxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) (2.5μM) which could produce the endogenous ROS. These results suggested that different ROS level in different cell cycle phases of NB4 cells might determin the selective induction of G2/M apoptosis and the cells‘ susceptibility to apoptosis by As2O3.     

The thymic stromal cell line MTSC4 induced thymocyte apoptosis in a non-MHC-restricted manner

Mouse thymic stromal cell line 4 (MTSC4) is one of the stromal cell lines established in our laboratory. While losing the characteristics of epithelial cells, they express some surface markers shared with thymic dendritic cells (TDCs). To further study the biological functions of these cells, we compared the capability of MTSC4 with TDCs in the induction of thymocyte apoptosis, using thymic reaggregation culture system. Apoptosis of thymocytes induced by MTSC4 and TDCs was measured by Annexin V and PI staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. We found that MTSC4 selectively augmented the apoptosis of CD4^ 8^ (DP) thymocytes. This effect was Fas/FasL independent and could not be blocked by antibodies to MHC class I and class II molecules. In addition, MTSC4 enhanced the apoptosis of DP thymocytes from different strains of mice, which implies that MTSC4-induced thymocyte apoptosis is not mediated by the TCR recognition of self peptide/MHC molecules. In contrast to MTSC4, thymocyte apoptosis induced by TDCs was MHC-restricted. Thus, MHC-independent fashion of stromal-DP thymocyte interaction may be one of the ways to induce thymocyte apoptosis in thymus. Our study has also shown that the interaction of MTSC4 stromal cells and thymocytes is required for the induction of thymocyte apoptosis.     

NO在植物中的调控作用

一氧化氮(NO)是一种易扩散的生物活性分子,是生物体内重要的信号分子.植物细胞通过NO合酶、硝酸还原酶、或非生化反应途径产生NO.NO参与植物生长发育调控和对生物与非生物环境胁迫的应答反应,大量证据表明NO是植物防御反应中的关键信使,其信号转导机制也受到越来越多的关注.本文主要通过讨论NO的产生、对植物生长周期的影响、在植物代谢中的信号调节以及参与细胞凋亡来阐述NO在植物中的作用.     

多巴胺D1和D2受体激动剂和拮抗剂对脑缺血/再灌注损伤的影响

实验应用开阔法、组织病理学方法、原位末端标记(in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-metliated de-oxy-UTP mick end labeling,TUNEL)法及免疫组织化学等方法,探讨多巴胺D1、D2受体激动剂和拮抗剂对沙土鼠前脑缺血／再灌注损伤海马CA1区神经元凋亡及凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax表达的影响。结果显示：前脑缺血5min可引起沙土鼠探索活动增加;再灌注3d,海马CA1区约95％的锥体细胞凋亡;再灌注7d,海马CA1区仅残存约2％—7％的存活锥体细胞;前脑缺血5min可抑制bcl-2的表达并诱导bax表达增高;预先应用D2受体激动剂培高利特可减轻缺血后沙土鼠行为学异常、抑制海马CA1区锥体细胞凋亡、提高锥体细胞存活数、显著诱导bcl-2的表达并抑制bax的表达。预先应用SKF38393、SCH23390及螺哌隆对以上结果无明显影响。实验结果提示,培高利特具有确切的脑保护作用,诱导bcl-2并抑制bax的表达可能是其脑保护作用机制之一。