“缺体回交法”选育普通小麦异代换系方法的研究

利用从蓝单体自交分离得到的自花结实的4D缺体小麦(缺72180、缺天选15)作母本与3个不同的八倍体小偃麦(小偃784、小偃7631和小偃78829)杂交,再以缺体作为轮回亲本,从F_1或F_2开始连续回交1—2次,在回交中,缺体无论作父本或母本都得到了异代换系,并且发现:(1)在回交过程中,用缺体作母本比作父本更为有效;(2)F_1自交,在F_2群体中选择生长比较正常,染色体数比较少的植株回交,比F_1作母本直接回交效果更好。并对所得的异代换系的特征特性进行了初步的观察研究,发现中间偃麦草(Agropyron intermedium2n=42) 4E染色体(以下用4Ei表示)、长穗偃麦草(Agropyron clongatum 2n=70)的4E染色体(带蓝粒基因,以下用4Ee表示)和4F染色体(带毛叶基因,以下用4Fe表示)均能正常补偿小麦4D染色体。异代换系生长旺盛,育性正常。初步总结了缺体与八倍体小偃麦杂交,回交过程中异代换系的形成规律,证明了“缺体回交法”可以推广应用于八倍体小偃麦等人工合成的新物种,以选育普通小麦异代换系。     

狭叶花椒化学成分研究Ⅰ.Yangambin的分离鉴定

从芸香科(Rutaceae)花椒属植物抉叶花椒(Zanthoxylum stenophyllum Hemsl.)根皮中分到一种木脂体,通过MS、IR、UV、NMR、DEPT和双共振技术,确定其结构为(IR,2S,5R,6S)-2,6-Bis(3,4,5-trime-thoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxan-bicyclo[3,3,0]Octane.即Yangambin。     

八倍体小黑麦×普通小麦杂种后代群体中的染色体易位

用改良的Giemsa C-带技术以单株为基础分析了八倍体小黑麦×普通小麦的杂种BC_1,F_(?)和F_(?)代植株的核型。在鉴定了C-带核型的1098株杂种后代植株中,发现了78条小麦-黑麦和277条黑麦-黑麦易位染色体。在不同的世代和株系中,小麦-黑麦染色体易位率变化在4.35—14.07%之间,平均7.10%;黑麦-黑麦染色体易位率在0.48—52.78%之间,平均25.23%。鉴定的小麦-黑麦易位染色体涉及了黑麦的14条不同的染色体臂和小麦的A、B和D组染色体。易位的48.57%发生在小麦和黑麦的部分同源染色体之间,51.43%发生在非部分同源染色体之间。不同的黑麦染色体臂参与易位的频率不同。小麦-黑麦染色体易位主要发生在杂种的早期世代,使用适当的选择技术在F_3获得了纯合的易位植株。文中讨论了快速选育易位系的技术和它们在小麦育种中的应用问题。     

伊贝母体细胞无性系的建立及其胚状体的发生

本文报道了伊贝母体细胞无性系的建立及其胚状体的发生。已继代培养三年零六个月共30多代的鳞芽愈伤组织,目前仍有分化能力。通过愈伤组织形态细胞学的观察,发现伊贝母体细胞无性系形成小鳞茎的途径有二:一是由特化了的愈伤组织表皮细胞。经多次分裂发育成不定芽而形成小鳞茎;二是由愈伤组织表层或内层特化了的胚性细胞,经多次分裂发育成胚状体而形成小鳞茎。不定芽和胚状体的形态发生是有区别的。     

人粪便中分离的噬菌蛭弧菌生物学特性的研究

本文研究了人粪便中分离的噬菌蛭弧菌的生物学特性,测定了它们的生长曲线,并利用微孔滤膜过滤和机械振荡的方法,研究了它们的吸附和穿入动力学,发现链霉素、庆大霉素和卡那霉素能抑制蛭弧菌的吸附;青霉素不影响蛭弧菌的吸附和穿入,但抑制蛭弧菌在宿主内的生长过程。从人粪中分出的噬菌蛭弧菌不仅能裂解大部分需氧的革兰氏阴性菌,而且在微氧条件下也能裂解厌氧菌中的二株脆弱拟杆菌。我们发现一株人粪便中分出的噬菌蛭弧菌能形成蛭弧菌囊体——它的休眠态,它对高热、紫外线照射和真空干燥的耐受力较相应的繁殖体强,看来它是蛭弧菌保持生命期限的一种方式。     

在被小泡参与突触前后膜特化增厚的形态学研究

Our object was to characterize the morphological changes of coated vesicles and synaptic membranes during synaptogenesis. Neurons from spinal cords of fetal mice were established as isolated cells in primary culture. After a few days in vitro, the neurons extended their neurites and started their interaction. At timed intervals thereafter, cultures were fixed for electron microscopic observation. Coated vesicles were prominent in the neuronal cytoplasm at the time of synaptogenesis (about 7-10 days in vitro). Similar vesicles were seen in continuity with some cisternae in the Golgi regions and there was an increase in number during the synaptogenic period. Indeed it is not established whether the coated vesicles were exocytotic or pinocytotic in nature, but the cisternae which were in continuity with coated vesicles could be labelled by glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) but not by thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase). Such vesicles were also seen in continuity with the neuronal plasmalemma near the closest contact site and contributed their undercoating to pre- and postsynaptic densities. The formation of bilateral membrane specialization was described as being structurally similar to synaptic active zones and appeared to be the first definitive sign of synapseformation. It has been suggested that the synaptic dense material may derive wholly or in part from the exocytic coated vesicles which apparently budding off from endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. This incorporation could provide the mechanism for confining specific characteristics of neuronal membrane to the synaptic region.     

中国志留纪鱼类微体化石的首次报道

一、前言滇东曲靖晚志留世地层发育良好,层序清楚,无脊椎动物和脊椎动物化石以及牙形刺丰富,是研究我国志留系生物地层的一个重要地区。这套地层自下而上被命名为关底组、妙高组和玉龙寺组,是一套海陆交互相沉积,其海相地层为典型的壳相沉积,为一种近岸、浅水、富氧的沉积环境(丁文江、王日伦,1937;方润生、江能人等,1985)。本文记述的无颌类和鱼类化石就产自海相地层,它们与牙形刺和其他一些