郑州市社区居民人体体质特征的调查*

目的:调查郑州市社区居民人体体质特征,比较其性别、年龄间的差异及左右侧功能的差异。方法:选取19岁以上健康的郑州社区居民600例,其中,男性283例,女性317例,男、女性别在19~34岁、35~44岁、45~59岁、60~70岁4个年龄组的人数分布分别为80、79、73、51和83、85、87、62。采用体质测量法、直观判定法收集其11项人体功能类表型基础数据,比较其体质特征的性别、年龄间的差异与左右侧差异。结果:从性别上来看,女性的肩关节、腕关节、髋关节屈伸度和膝关节屈曲度均大于男性(P＜0.05);从不同年龄组来看,同性别不同年龄组其关节活动度的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而同年龄组不同性别间的差异则无统计学意义(P＞0.05);从左右侧来看,各年龄段的视力均为左侧好于右侧、握力右侧大于左侧(P＜0.05),肩关节活动度和髋关节的活动度均为右侧大于左侧(P＜0.05)。结论:郑州市社区居民的人体功能,不同性别、不同年龄组间有着不同的体质特征,且一些指标存在左右侧的差异,可为国人体质特征的研究提供基线资料。     

Polymorphisms in PPARD, PPARG and APM1 associated with four types of Traditional Chinese Medicine constitutions

Based on the theory of constitution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the human population is divided into nine constitutions including one balanced constitution (Normality) and eight unbalanced constitutions (Yang-deficiency, Yin-deficiency, Phlegm-wetness, Qi-deficiency, Wetness-heat, Blood stasis, Depressed constitution, and Inherited special constitution). Different constitutions have specific metabolic features and different susceptibility to certain diseases. However, whether a genetic basis accounts for such constitution classification is yet to be determined. Here we performed a genetic study to assess the association between genetic variations of metabolic genes including PPARD, PPARG and APM1 and the constitutions. A total of 233 individuals of the Han population in China were classified into four groups, Normality, Yang-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and Phlegm-wetness with whom 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the three genes were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Biased distribution of PPARD rs2267669 and rs2076167, APM1 rs7627128 and rs1063539 in Yang-deficiency, PPARG Pro12Ala in Yin-deficiency and PPARD rs2076167, APM1 rs266729 and rs7627128 in Phlegm-wetness were observed. The frequencies of Haplotype13 (Hap13) of PPARG in Yin-deficiency, Hap25 of APM1 in Yang-deficiency and Hap2 of PPARD and Hap14 of PPARG in Phlegm-wetness, were significantly different from those in Normality, suggesting those might be group-associated haplotypes. These results suggested that single SNP and haplotypes of PPARD, PPARG and APM1 may underlie the genetic basis of the constitutions classified in TCM.     

肾脏保卫战

在现实生活中,肾虚者不乏其人。除了药物、针灸、按摩等治疗方法外,我们还可以通过饮食和运动来调节身体状态。对于琳琅满目的食物,我们需要根据不同时节和体质状况,选择适宜的种类,交替食用,不可一次品种太多,吃得过于混杂反而有害健康。     

Association between VDR ApaI Polymorphism and Hip Bone Mineral Density Can Be Modified by Body Mass Index： A Study on Postmenopausal Chinese Women

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem for old people. Genetic factors are considered to be major contributors to the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is a prominent candidate gene for the regulation of postmenopausal bone mass; however, despite extensive studies, controversy remains regarding its association with postmenopausal body mineral density (BMD) variation. In this study, a total of 260 healthy postmenopausal Chinese women were genotyped at the VDR ApaI locus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Raw hip BMD was significantly associated with VDR ApaI polymorphism with and without adjusting for age (P=0.015 and 0.040, respectively). This genetic effect can explain 3.32% of hip BMD variation. However, the significant association vanished after correcting for both age and body mass index (BMI) (P=0.169). In addition, we observed a significant association between VDR ApaI polymorphism with unadjusted BMI(P=0.042) or BMI adjusted for age (P=0.049). The raw hip BMD was also found to be significantly correlated with BMI (r=0.517, P=0.0001), with BMI explaining 26.35% of the variation of hip BMD. All of these facts prompt us to conclude that the significant association between the VDR ApaI genotype and hip BMD may be modified by BMI in postmenopausal Chinese women. Our findings may partially explain the earlier inconsistent association results concerning the VDR gene and BMD, and highlight the importance of incorporating covariates such as BMI into osteoporosis association studies.     

北京市麻雀体质水平沿城市化梯度的变化

麻雀是城市和乡村均有分布的鸟类物种.快速的城市化正在使城市麻雀的栖息地和食物资源大量减少.以北京市为例,研究了麻雀的体质水平沿城市化梯度的变化,以期为我国城市化过程中的鸟类保护提供参考.研究结果表明城市高层楼房居民区、低层楼房居民区以及大学校园中麻雀的体质指数显著低于郊区环境,而城市公园和平房居民区麻雀的体质水平则与郊区环境的差异较小.随采样点城市化水平的增加,麻雀的体质水平呈下降趋势,高度城市化的环境导致麻雀的体质水平下降.在城市化过程中,增加城市公园的数量及居民区的植被覆盖量可为麻雀等鸟类提供必要的生活资源,从而实现城市化过程中的生物多样性保护.     

新疆伊犁哈萨克族的体质特征研究

作者对新疆伊犁地区的哈萨克族大、中专学生进行了活体观察和测量,观察30项（551名,男262,女289）测量92项（404人,男226,女178）,所得数据进行了统计学处理和分析,计算了头面部和体部的31项指数,并进行了指数分型处理。     

四川凉山彝族的人体测量学

本文调查了402例(男197例,女205例)彝族成人的68项体质指标,计算了20项体质指数,对凉山彝族体质进行了初步分析。结果表明:1)四川凉山彝族头面部主要特征为圆头型、中鼻型、狭面型。体部特征为中躯干型、中骨盆型,彝族男性为亚中等型身材,女性为中等型身材;2)四川彝族与广西、云南彝族比较,头宽、额最小宽、形态面高值最大;头长值小;口裂宽、鼻宽居中;面宽值接近,鼻型均为中鼻型。四川彝族男性身高与云南彝族接近,明显高于广西彝族(p<0.01),四川彝族女性身材明显高于云南彝族和广西彝族(p<0.01);3)四川凉山彝族体质特征与阿昌族、怒族、仡佬族等南方少数民族较接近,与四川汉族最接近。     

鄂伦春族体质现状及其与60年前资料的比较

对内蒙古鄂伦春自治旗１９１名（男８５,女１０６）,鄂伦春族成的人进行了活体观察与测量,总结了鄂伦春的体质和类型并在城乡之间、与６０年前同一地区的资料及我国北方一些的体质数据进行了比较。