配子体自交不亲和植物花粉S基因研究进展

配子体自交不亲和植物的自交不亲和性是由雌蕊自交不亲和因子和花粉自交不亲和因子相互作用的结果。目前已经分离和鉴定了雌蕊自交不亲和基因及其表达产物。最近从金鱼草、Prumusdulcis、梅等植物中分离的F-box基因,它具有花粉S基因特点,即在花药、成熟的花粉和花粉管中特异表达;在基因位置上,与S-RNase基因紧密连锁;不同物种或同一物种不同品种F-box基因间核苷酸和氨基酸序列上存在高度多态性。通过分子生物学方法和杂交授粉试验证明所分离的F-box基因是花粉自交不亲和基因,但目前尚未分离出该类基因相应的表达蛋白。主要综述了配子体自交不亲和植物花粉自交不亲和基因的发现、基因的结构、雌蕊自交不亲和因子和花粉自交不亲和因子相互作用的模型。     

大型多钩槽绦虫与隐藏新棘虫种间关系研究

大型多钩槽绦虫和隐藏新棘虫单独在黄鲜肠道内分布时,其分布益十分相似,相似性系数ｒ＝０．９２２６（Ｐ〈０．０１）,当两种寄生蠕虫在黄鳝中共同感染时,随着大型多钩槽绦虫的生长,其分布位置明显前移而隐藏新棘虫的分布位置则显著后退,生态２位重叠明显下降。两种寄生蠕虫种间正关联显著,它们在宿主人共存并不改变它们的感染速度。     

A NEW SPECIES OF FORMOSATETTIX TINKHAM (ORTHOPTERA:TETRIGIDAE) FROM HUBEI PROVINCE

Abstract  A new species of the genus Formosatettix Tinkham 1937, Formosatettix tiantangensis sp. nov. from Dabie Mountains in Hubei Province is described. The new species is allied to Formosatettix henanensis Liang, but differs in: 1) width of vertex about 1.6 times the width of an eye; 2) length of antennae about 1.6–1.7 times the length of anterior femora; 3) upper margin of pronotum distinctively arched; 4) ventral margin of posterior pronotal process arched, lateral carinae curvingigly arched and 5) posterior margin of subgenital plate of female concave, median keel present on the plate. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University and Department of Biology, Huanggang Normal College, Hubei Province respectively.     

Tree age and bark thickness as traits linked to frost ring probability on Araucaria araucana trees in northern Patagonia

Frost events may damage the cambium and consequently the newly produced tracheids whose cell walls have not yet completed their lignifications, leading to the formation of frost rings. This study deals with the presence of frost rings in Araucaria araucana trees according to cambial age and bark thickness, under the assumption that these factors may be involved in physical or physiological mechanisms that increase resistance to freezing temperatures that impact the cambial tissue. The study was conducted in northern Patagonia at two sites of contrasting geomorphology, and therefore potentially associated with a differential degree of exposure to extreme cold. Wood plus bark cores were extracted from main stems at two heights from the ground and from each of the four cardinal point directions for 30 individuals per site. A Linear Mixed Model and a Generalized Linear Mixed Model were applied in order to relate the bark thickness and the frequency of frost rings in accordance with the different sampling points on the stem. It was observed that as bark becomes thicker with cambial age, the frequency of frost rings decreases, indicating a possible thermal-induced mechanism of bark protection. Consequently, there is an increase in the presence of frost rings at the younger stages of tree life. Although the mechanisms of cold hardiness in trees can be complex, including aspects of the tree physiology, our data indicated that as tree age increases, the thickness of the bark is higher, resulting in a potential effect of isolation and passive protection against the harmful effects of frosts. This mechanism may be relevant in the ecology, conservation and management of forests faced with extreme variability in future climate and changing scenarios.     

以能力培养为导向的基于工厂化生产实践指导的“发酵工程”教学研究与应用

"发酵工程"是生物技术和生物工程等专业的核心基础课程,应用性非常强,其工艺流程包括上游的菌种和培养基,中游发酵动力学和过程控制,以及下游的发酵产物分离制备与精制等。在实际生产过程中,工艺流程的每个阶段都是理论知识在生产实践中的具体应用。授课过程中,如果教师只介绍教材的基础理论知识,而不结合具体生产实践,学生不仅难以掌握知识点,而且对利用发酵工程生产产品的工艺流程没有深刻的认识,更不知道如何去应用理论知识指导实际生产。由于发酵工程应用的重要性,发酵工程教学质量的好坏直接影响学生的专业素质与就业情况。因此,本课程组开展了基于生产实践指导的发酵工程教学方法的研究与应用,在发酵工程课程教学中,结合生产实践中的科研经验,总结教材的理论知识与生产实践的结合点,使教材中较为抽象、复杂的理论知识具体化。这样不仅激发了学生的学习兴趣,加强了学生对理论知识的理解,更为重要的是,结合实际科研、生产过程中曾面临的问题,引导学生如何利用基础理论知识去解决这些问题,这种授人以渔的方法对于指导学生的科研和毕业后的生产实践具有重要的应用价值。     

病原体逃逸中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网机制

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）是新发现的中性粒细胞抗病原机制,是天然免疫系统的重要组成部分。但病原体在进化中形成了针对NETs的免疫逃逸机制。不同的病原体逃逸NET的机制不同,本文主要介绍3种机制：降解NETs-DNA、表面分子机制和NETosis调控。     

Calla lily chlorotic spot virus from Spider Lily (Hymenocallis litteralis) and Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in the South‐west of China

Leaf samples were collected from four spider lily and tobacco plants with tospovirus‐like symptoms in Yunnan province. The nucleocapsid ORFs of the four isolates were obtained by RT‐PCR, cloning and sequencing of the amplified products. Nucleotide sequences of the obtained amplicons were more than 90% identical to that of Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV) isolates deposited in the GenBank database. The virus induced systematic leaf necrosis, chlorotic lesions, rugosity and deformation on mechanically inoculated experimental hosts. This is the first report of CCSV in mainland China, and also on spider lily and tobacco.     

中国地谷蛾亚科一新属三新种(鳞翅目,谷蛾科)

记述我国地谷蛾亚科Meessiinae 1新属:骨斑地谷蛾属Maculiscleritica gen.nov.,及3新种:三角骨斑地谷蛾M.triangulidens sp.nov.,弯刺骨斑地谷蛾M.curvispinea sp.nov.和截齿骨斑地谷蛾M.truncatidens sp.nov,.提供新种成虫外形、翅脉和雌雄外生殖器特征图及分类检索表.模式标本保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室.     

香菇数量性状的相关性分析和主成分分析

对110个香菇杂交菌株16个数量性状进行表型、遗传和环境相关性分析及主成分分析。由分析结果可知,单菇鲜重与有关单菇的其他5个性状在表型、遗传和环境等3个方面都存在极显著的正相关,与菇数存在3种极显著的负相关,与CMC酶活性、木聚糖酶活性分别呈显著和极显著遗传负相关。鲜菇总重与出菇期和原基期呈极显著的表型和遗传负相关,与菇数、两种菌丝生长速度及菌盖厚度呈极显著的遗传正相关。结果表明,在香菇育种工作中,菌丝生长速度和酶活性,可以作为对单菇性状和鲜菇总重进行选择的间接指标之一。主成分分析结果表明,16个性状可以缩减为6个主成分,按方差贡献率大小分别命名为单菇、发育、产量、酶活、原基和转色因子,6个主成分的方差累积贡献率为80.75%。在香菇育种中,可以按照育种目标对上述主成分因子或其分量进行单独选择。