中国生态工业园区发展现状与展望

综述了中国生态工业园区的发展,主要内容包括:(1)中国工业园区的发展历程和面临的挑战;(2)中国生态工业园区的发展历程与发展模式;(3)3个角度分析中国生态工业园区建设取得的环境绩效,即基于生态工业示范园区验收及规划基准年绩效变化,基于数据包络分析法的生态工业示范园区环境绩效和基于环境绩效指数方法的生态工业园区环境绩效评价;(4)国内外关于生态工业园区的研究现状和热点;(5)中国生态工业园区发展和研究面临的难点及未来发展展望。面向中国工业园区绿色低碳循环发展需求,以期通过对生态工业园区发展的回顾和评述,为园区实践者和决策者及后续研究提供参考。     

野生扁蓿豆种质资源AFLP遗传多样性的分析

本研究采用AFLP标记对河北省、辽宁省、吉林省、山西省、内蒙古自治区和西藏自治区的10份野生扁蓿豆居群进行遗传多样性分析。从64对AFLP引物组合中,筛选出8对扩增条带清晰、多态性高的引物组合,8对引物共扩增出640个条带,其中多态性条带有472个,多态性位点百分率为73.8%;Nei's基因多样性指数平均为0.157,Shannon's多态性信息指数平均为0.099;居群间遗传相似系数(GS)平均值为0.827。聚类和主成分分析可将10个扁蓿豆居群聚为3大类,结果与居群的地理分布大致相符,呈一定的地域性分布规律。由此可见,AFLP分子标记研究结果能较好地揭示扁蓿豆居群间的遗传多样性。对我国各地的野生扁蓿豆资源的广泛收集、评价和基因资源的保护有重要的意义。     

Multi-Band Asymmetric Transmission and 90° Polarization Rotator Based on Bi-Layered Metasurface with F-Shaped Structure

Plasmonics - In this paper, a chiral metamaterial consisting of bi-layered metasurface with double F-shaped resonators is investigated. We experimentally demonstrate that this new structure can...     

Chromosome numbers and DNA ploidy levels of selected species ofHieracium s.str. (Asteraceae)

Chromosome numbers and /or ploidy levels are reported for 44 species and subspecies ofHieracium s.str. from the following European countries: Andorra, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Italy, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine. The chromosome numbers/DNA ploidy levels ofH. bocconei (2n ～ 4x),H. bupleuroides subsp.leviceps (2n = 27),H. caesioides subsp.caesioides (2n = 27),H. basifolium (H. caesium agg., 2n = 36),H. plumbeum (H. caesium agg., 2n = 36),H. glaucum subsp.nipholepium (2n= 27),H.gouanii (2n = 18),H. gymnocerinthe (2n = 27),H. ramondii (2n = 27),H. recoderi (2n = 18),H. stelligerum (2n = 18), andH. tomentosum (2n = 18, 2n ～ 2x, 2n ～ 3x) were determined for the first time. New ploidy levels are reported forH. cerinthoides s.str. (2n = 27),H. humile (2n = 36), andH. tommasinianum (2n = 27).     

Capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence for determination of atomoxetine hydrochloride and the study on its interactions with three proteins

A simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of atomoxetine hydrochloride (AH) by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection (CE‐ECL) using tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) was developed. Under optimized conditions, the determinations of AH in capsules and rat plasmas and the study on its interactions with three plasma proteins, including bovine serum albumin, cytochrome c and myoglobin were performed successfully. Relative to some previous studies, in this paper the methodologies for the determination of AH in aqueous solution and spiked plasma systems were established, respectively. By comparing the difference between the two work curves of two systems, the matrix effect in plasma samples on the determination of AH by the CE‐ECL method was discussed in detail. The results indicated that the effect of the matrix in plasma samples should not be ignored even if no obvious interference was found in the electropherograms and the establishment of method validation in complex samples by the CE‐ECL method was necessary. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

外源激素对脱毒马铃薯扦插苗生长及生理效应研究

以‘早大白’马铃薯脱毒苗为试验材料,通过人工温室苗床栽培探讨外源激素萘乙酸(NAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)和硼酸生根处理对扦插脱毒苗生长和生理特征的影响,为马铃薯微型薯的实际生产提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)外源激素生根处理较对照扦插苗根系长势好,根活力、根系可溶性蛋白含量增加。(2)外源激素生根处理较对照脱毒扦插苗光合速率提高、叶绿素含量增加,光合物质的形成与积累增多。(3)外源激素生根处理较对照叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性和游离氨基酸含量均表现出不同程度的上升,MDA含量下降,衰老减缓。(4)外源激素生根处理有利于小区产量和单株结薯数的增加。研究表明,不同外源激素生根处理可改善脱毒马铃薯扦插苗农艺性状和生理指标,并以NAA 100mg/L+IBA 50mg/L+硼酸17.5mg/L配方处理植株的长势最好,叶绿素含量、保护酶活性及游离氨基酸含量最高,净光合速率大、小薯膨大速度快且单株结薯数量及产量增加显著,更利于发挥脱毒薯的增产优势。     

煤矿复垦地不同恢复阶段植物群落功能群结构与生物多样性变化

选取黄土高原区黑岱沟露天煤矿不同复垦阶段(1995～2010年)样地4块,以原地貌样地为对照,以时空替代的方法,对煤矿复垦地的植物群落的功能群结构及生物多样性进行研究.结果表明:(1)随着复垦时间的延长,植物群落功能群组成以多年生禾草和多年生杂类草为主,其累积优势度均呈现增加的趋势,而一、二年生草本的累积优势度减小;复垦初期,群落功能群单一、组成种类贫乏,多为一、二年生植物;复垦后期,羊草及冰草逐步出现,复垦地最终形成以克氏针茅、本氏针茅、赖草及糙隐子草为主的植物群落.(2)复垦过程中,中生植物及中旱生植物所占比例逐步增加,而旱生植物比例逐步减少;多年生禾草及多年生杂类草生物量随着复垦时间的增加而递增,而一、二年生草本植物生物量递减;群落总生物量呈先急剧增加、又急剧减少、后缓慢增加的规律.(3)群落的Shan-non-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Patrick丰富度指数(Pa)及Pielou均匀度指数(JP)随着复垦时间延长而增加.     

梁子湖浮游甲壳动物的生物多样性

基于2006年8月至2008年3月对梁子湖浮游甲壳动物的采样调查,记录了该湖区浮游甲壳动物22种,隶属9科18属,其中枝角类(Cladocera)16种,桡足类(Copepoda)6种,包括9属新记录.物种多样性季节性动态变化明显:枝角类优势种在春、夏和秋冬季依次为透明溞(Daphnia hyalina,优势度Y = 0.80±0.01),小栉溞(Daphnia cristata,Y = 0.50±0.03)和长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris,Y = 0.58±0.04);而桡足类优势种在夏、秋和冬春季依次为长江新镖水蚤(Neodiaptomus yangtsekiangensis,Y = 0.41±0.01)、近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus,Y = 0.46)和特异荡镖水蚤(Neutrodiaptomus incongruens,Y = 0.65±0.18).浮游甲壳类个体密度以春季最高((292±85) ind/L),夏、秋、冬季渐低(依次为(169±104)、(140±53)、(120±0) ind/L).物种多样性冬春季较低(物种数S≤12,丰富度指数D = 0.77和0.71,香农-威纳指数H = 1.79和1.45),夏秋季较高(S≥17,D = 0.98和0.88,H = 1.78和1.83).梁子湖浮游甲壳类动物多样性年际差异不显著,表明湖区环境条件较为优越、稳定.     

The global invasion success of Central European plants is related to distribution characteristics in their native range and species traits

Aim Determining which traits predispose a species to become invasive is a fundamental question of invasion ecology, but traits affect invasiveness in concert with other factors that need to be controlled for. Here, we explore the relative effects of biological traits of plant species and their distributional characteristics in the native range on invasion success at two stages of invasion. Location Czech Republic (for native species); and the world (for alien species). Methods The source pool of 1218 species of seed plants native to Central Europe was derived from the flora of the Czech Republic, and their occurrence in 706 alien floras all over the world was recorded, distinguishing whether they were listed as an ‘alien’ or a ‘weed’ in the latest version of Randall’s ‘Global compendium of weeds’ database. The latter type of occurrence was considered to indicate species ability to invade and cause economic impact, i.e. a more advanced stage of invasion. Using the statistical technique of regression trees, we tested whether 19 biological traits and five distributional characteristics of the species in their native range can be used to predict species success in two stages of invasion. Results The probability of a species becoming alien outside its native distribution range is determined by the size of its native range, and its tolerance of a wide range of climates acquired in the region of origin. Biological traits play only an indirect role at this stage of invasion via determining the size of the native range. However, the ability of species to become a weed is determined not only by the above characteristics of native distribution, but also directly by biological traits (life form and strategy, early flowering, tall stature, generative reproduction, number of ploidy levels and opportunistic dispersal by a number of vectors). Species phylogenetic relatedness plays only a minor role; it is more important at the lowest taxonomic levels and at the later stage of invasion. Main conclusion The global success of Central European species as ‘weeds’ is determined by their distributional characteristics in the native ranges and by biological traits, but the relative importance of these determinants depends on the stage of invasion. Species which have large native ranges and are common within these ranges should be paid increased attention upon introductions, and the above biological traits should be taken into account in screening systems applied to evaluate deliberate introductions of alien plants to new regions.     

阿维菌素的研究进展

阿维菌素作为一种占主导地位的生物农药具备一般生物农药的特点,并且它的化学结构新颖,作用机制独特,杀虫活性强,杀虫谱广,但是药效慢、杀虫谱相对较窄、稳定性差和生产成本高则是其明显的缺点。该文主要从阿维菌素B1提取的研究、发酵培养基的研究、高产菌株的选育的研究这三个方面对阿维菌素目前研究的成果及其存在的问题进行了详细的阐述,并对其未来一段时间内的研究前景进行了展望。参考文献18篇。