Les tranchées des Capucins de Ferrières (Martigues,Bouches-du-Rhône,France). Un charnier de l’épidémie de peste de 1720 à 1722 en Provence

We present the global results of the rescue excavation of a burial place linked to the plague epidemic that affected Provence in 1720–1722. The inhumation area, which is in Martigues (“Bouches-du-Rhône” County), consists of five parallel trenches corresponding to as many burials. While the observed funerary customs are all succinct, we could identify some slight nuances in the layout of the corpses’ interment. These variations seem to reflect a fluctuation of epidemic intensity. On the whole, 208 skeletons were collected on the site. This osteoarchaeological series increases the available data from the rescue excavation of another burial place due to the same epidemic in Martigues at the beginning of the 18th century: the “Délos” site (39 individuals).     

不同土壤水分下4种沙生灌木的光合光响应特性

采用盆栽试验在适宜水分、中度干旱和重度干旱(土壤田间持水量的70%-75%、45%-50%和30%-35%)条件下,研究了4种沙生灌木柠条、花棒、沙木蓼和杨柴1年生幼苗的光合光响应特性。结果表明:各灌木光响应曲线的变化趋势基本一致,采用非直角双曲线模型拟合良好;各灌木净光合速率在同等光合有效辐射时均表现为适宜水分中度干旱重度干旱;各灌木在干旱条件下叶片表观量子效率与最大净光合速率均较适宜水分下降低,两项参数在中度与重度干旱下的平均降幅柠条均为最小,反映出柠条光合作用对干旱胁迫较强的适应性;干旱条件下光饱和点的降低是造成4种沙生灌木对光照需求改变的主要原因,光补偿点和饱和点的协同变化表明柠条具有对光环境良好的适应性;4种沙生灌木在干旱条件下暗呼吸速率均降低。在西北沙区人工植被建设中从光合特性考虑,柠条更宜作为土壤水分较差立地上的先锋树种。     

生活污水慢渗生态处理对土壤及杨树生长的影响

为了观测生活污水杨树林地处理对土壤和林木生长的影响,2008—2009年在郑州市龙湖镇,采用不同水力负荷(0、3、6、9、12、15cm/周),进行了污水慢渗生态处理试验。测定了污水处理期间杨树地上部分生长量,对表层(0—40cm)和下层(40—100cm)土壤理化性质进行了分析。选用土壤容重、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾作为土壤质量因子,运用土壤质量综合指标评价不同处理表层土壤质量,对下层土壤的理化性状的变化进行了研究。结果表明:在3—9cm/周水力负荷时,表层土壤质量综合指标值(QI值)和杨树地上部分生长量均随着水力负荷的增加而增加,在9cm/周水力负荷时达到最大;水力负荷大于9cm/周,QI值和杨树地上部分生长量随着水力负荷增加而降低。在水力负荷较低时,污水处理对下层土壤性状影响较小,水力负荷大于9cm/周,污水处理对下层土壤性状产生了不良影响。生活污水杨树林地处理比较适宜的水力负荷是6—9cm/周。     

Downstream of tyrosine kinase/docking protein 6, as a novel substrate of tropomyosin-related kinase C receptor,is involved in neurotrophin 3-mediated neurite outgrowth in mouse cortex neurons

Background  

The downstream of tyrosine kinase/docking protein (Dok) adaptor protein family has seven members, Dok1 to Dok7, that act as substrates of multiple receptor tyrosine kinase and non-receptor tyrosine kinase. The tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) receptor family, which has three members (TrkA, TrkB and TrkC), are receptor tyrosine kinases that play pivotal roles in many stages of nervous system development, such as differentiation, migration, axon and dendrite projection and neuron patterning. Upon related neurotrophin growth factor stimulation, dimerisation and autophosphorylation of Trk receptors can occur, recruiting adaptor proteins to mediate signal transduction.     

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on rat hepatic microsomal CYP1A activity: role of ginkgolides, bilobalide, and flavonols

The present study investigated the in vitro effect of Ginkgo biloba extracts and some of the individual constituents (ginkgolides, bilobalide, and flavonols such as kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and their glycosides) on CYP1A-mediated 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation in hepatic microsomes isolated from rats induced with beta-naphthoflavone. G. biloba extract competitively inhibited CYP1A activity, with an apparent Ki value of 1.6 +/- 0.4 microg/mL (mean +/- SE). At the concentrations present in the G. biloba extracts, ginkgolides A, B, C, and J and bilobalide did not affect CYP1A activity, whereas kaempferol (IC50 = 0.006 +/- 0.001 microg/mL, mean +/- SE), isorhamnetin (0.007 +/- 0.001 microg/mL), and quercetin (0.050 +/- 0.003 microg/mL) decreased this activity. The monoglycosides (1 and 10 microg/mL) and diglycosides (10 microg/mL) of kaempferol and quercetin but not those of isorhamnetin also inhibited CYP1A activity. The order of inhibitory potency was kaempferol approximately equal to isorhamnetin > quercetin, and for each of these flavonols the order of potency was aglycone > monoglycoside > diglycoside. In summary, G. biloba extract competitively inhibited rat hepatic microsomal CYP1A activity, but the effect was not due to ginkgolides A, B, C, or J, bilobalide, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, or the respective flavonol monoglycosides or diglycosides.     

THE PEST STATUS OF BEMISIA TABACI IN CHINA AND NON‐CHEMICAL CONTROL STRATEGIES*

Abstract Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has been considered as a serious pest in all of tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. B. tabaci first recorded as early as in 1940s in China and has been reported as a pest of various crops in 22 provinces or cities. But only recently it has become a severe problem for vegetable and ornamental crops in Guangdong and Beijing. In China B. tabaci is known to transmit at least 5 plant viruses, including tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), tomato leaf curl virus (TomLCV), squash leaf curl virus (SqLCV‐C). So far, approximately 18 parasitoids, 17 predators and 1 pathogenic fungus were recorded in China. This paper presents an overview of B. tabaci as a pest and virus vector in China, with special attention given to non‐chemical control strategies.     

苹果原生质体培养及植株再生

用苹果（Ｍａｌｕｓ ｐｕｍ ｉｌａ Ｍｉｌｌ）胚珠诱导愈伤组织并建立悬浮细胞系。用２％ 纤维素酶、０．５％ 果胶酶的混合酶液分离悬浮培养物,可得到５．４×１０６ 个／ｇ ｆｒ． ｗ ｔ有活性的原生质体。这些原生质体在改良的ＭＳ、Ｋ８ｐ、Ｄ２ 培养基中均可发育成细胞团,在含２．０ ｍ ｇ／ＬＩＡＡ、２．０ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ、０．１ ｍ ｇ／ＬＢＡ 的ＭＳ固体培养基上形成愈伤组织,更换几次不同的培养基后,在分化培养基上分化出不定芽,在生根培养基上生根形成完整植株。     

环境因子对小麦叶片水分利用效率影响的实验研究和数值模拟

根据现有的光合作用和蒸腾作用的模型,利用Ｂａｌｌ－Ｂｅｒｒｙ 的气孔导度模型,将叶片的光合作用模型和蒸腾作用模型结合起来,建立了光强（Ｉ）、叶片－大气水汽饱和差（ＶＰＤ）和大气ＣＯ２ 浓度（Ｃａ）等环境因子对小麦叶片水分利用效率（ＷＵＥ）影响的模型。由于这３ 种环境因子对光合、蒸腾的影响方式上的差异,作为两者之比的叶片ＷＵＥ随各环境因子的变化出现复杂的图景,同时,在人工气候箱内分别于这３ 个因子变化时对光合、蒸腾的变化作了测定,计算了叶片的Ｗ ＵＥ。测定结果与模拟结果的对比表明,在多数情况下两者符合程度良好,但在高Ｃａ下有较大的偏离     

玉米根际联合固氮菌Klebsiella planticola 19—1固氮特性的研究

从新疆鄯善砍儿乡砂地生长的玉米根际分离到一株联合固氮菌Ｋ１９－１,经鉴定为植生克雷伯氏菌。Ｋ１９－１在４０℃,于无氮培养基上生长良好,并具有乙炔还原及＾１５Ｎ２还原能力。ｎｉｆＨｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｒ：ｌａｃＺ融合子在Ｋ１９－１中的表达在４０℃不受阻抑。ＮＨ４＾＋不抑制Ｋ１９－１的固氮酶活性,但阻抑ｎｉｆＨｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｒ：ｌａｃＺ融合子在Ｋ１９－１中表达。Ｋ１９－１在厌氧条件下具有固氮活性,在氧浓度增     

15科温带树木营养贮藏蛋白质的细胞学研究

利用光学显微镜技术和组织化学方法研究１５科２９种２变种 温带树木中的营养贮藏蛋白质（ＶＳＰｓ）的分布和形态。结果表明,ＶＳＰｓ在树木中的分布分为ＶＳＰｓ丰富、贫乏和缺乏３种类型。同时,ＶＳＰｓ有多种形态,大致可分为蛋白体状、颗粒状和絮状３种,这些形态的ＶＳＰｓ存在于不同的树木中或同一树种的不同细胞中。ＶＳＰｓ的有无、多少及其形态在不同科树木之间及同一科不同属树木之间存在在较大差异,但在同一属树种之