白头叶猴（Presbytis leucocephalus）活动时间分配

通过白头叶猴活动时间分配的研究,探讨引起种群活动时间分配的内在和环境因素。这些因素通过群体及各性别年龄组能量的不同需求改变其活动时间分配。分析结果表明,动物活动时间分配反映各种因素对群体的综合作用。作者推测,在白头叶猴分布区的南北种群间,因地理位置及植被保护状况的差异可能有不同的活动时间分配。在所观察的几个行为因子中,运动和休息相关性最大。群体本身的结构也造成群内各性别年龄组间活动时间分配的差异。     

水蕨中心体蛋白基因的克隆与原核表达

蕨类植物的精子形成是一个运动细胞器重新发生的过程,但对其精子发生的分子机制仍不甚了解。中心体蛋白(centrin)是定位于细胞中心体上的一种高度保守的钙结合蛋白,被认为可能是最早参与运动细胞器发生的蛋白质。克隆鉴定centrin蛋白为进一步分析蕨类精子发生的分子机制奠定基础。该研究从蕨类模式植物水蕨(Ceratopteris thalictroides)中克隆到了水蕨centrin基因(CtCEN),其cDNA序列全长为1 077bp,结构分析表明CtCEN基因属于EF-hand超家族的centrin基因。Centrin的系统树分析发现,藻类、蕨类以及动物等具鞭毛游动精子的生物聚为一支,而被子植物聚为另一分支,表明centrin的功能可能与运动细胞器鞭毛发生有关。原核表达和Western blot分析表明,CtCEN基因表达的蛋白能与人源centrin抗体发生结合,这一结果证实克隆到了centrin基因。     

寄生蜂寄主选择行为研究进展

寄生蜂是膜翅目昆虫中的重要类群,在自然界种类多,数量大。据文献报道全世界膜翅目昆虫大约有10万种”’,其中许多种类与农林害虫长期保持一定的制约关系,在害虫防治中占有重要地位。由于大量使用化学农药导致害虫的抗药性增加,利用天敌昆虫来防治害虫越来越显示出其重要性和优越性。但是,直到近20年来,寄生蜂的寄生行为才受到重视,并给予了广泛的、深入的研究”－‘’严格地讲,寄生蜂应该称为拟寄生蜂,它与通常所说的寄生昆虫像虱子、臭虫等有明显不同,主要区别在于：1．寄生仅仅发生在未成熟阶段,而成虫阶段营自由生活;2．寄…     

不同时期窖泥理化因子、风味物质和细菌组成的相关性

[背景]窖泥品质是影响浓香型白酒质量的重要因素之一,窖泥的理化特性、微生物群落结构和风味物质等与窖泥的品质有关.[目的]揭示不同时空浓香型白酒窖泥理化因子、细菌群落结构和挥发性风味物质三者之间的关系.[方法]比较演替期(10年)和成熟期(30年)的窖泥理化因子,利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用分析窖泥中挥发性风味物...     

TCR-induced,PKC-θ-mediated NF-κB activation is regulated by a caspase-8–caspase-9–caspase-3 cascade

It has been documented that caspase-8, a central player in apoptosis, is also crucial for TCR-mediated NF-κB activation. However, whether other caspases are also involved this process is unknown. In this report, we showed that in addition to caspase-8, caspase-9 is required for TCR-mediated NF-κB activation. Caspase-9 induces activation of PKC-θ, phosphorylation of Bcl10 and NF-κB activation in a caspase-3-dependent manner, but it appears that Bcl10 phosphorylation is uncoupled from NF-κB activation. Furthermore, caspase-8 lies upstream of caspase-9 during T cell activation. Therefore, TCR ligation elicits a caspase cascade involving caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 which initiates PKC-θ-dependent pathway leading to NF-κB activation and PKC-θ-independent Bcl10 phosphorylation which limits NF-kB activity.     

Comparison of locomotor behaviour between white-headed langurs Trachypithecus leucocephalus and Francois' langurs T.fran(c)oisi in Fusui, China

We studied the locomotor behaviour of white-headed langurs Trachypithecus leucocephalus and Fran(c)ois' langurs T.fran(c)oisi to test two hypotheses: (1) these monkeys have evolved locomotor ability to support their activities on limestone hills,and (2) Fran(c)ois' langurs have evolved more diverse locomotor skills than white-headed langurs. Data were collected from 1996 - 1998 and in 2005 in Fusui Nature Reserve,Guangxi,and showed that the two species had similar locomotor types,but Francois' langurs had more locomotor modes (26) than white-headed langurs (12). Quadrupedal walking and leaping were two major types,and white-headed langurs were more arboreal than Fran(c)ois' langurs. We suggest that,while keeping their ancestral locomotor types,the two species have evolved new types allowing them to live on limestone cliffs. Compared to white-headed langurs,Francois' langurs have more diverse locomotor modes that probably have allowed them to live in more habitat types. As an evolutionary outcome,Fran(c)ois' langurs have a larger distribution range.     

Quantification of sunitinib in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid, sensitive and specific method was developed and validated using LC/MS/MS for determination of sunitinib in human plasma. Sample preparation involved a liquid-liquid extraction by the addition of 0.2mL of plasma with 4.0mL tert-butyl-methyl-ether extraction solution containing 25ng/mL of the internal standard clozapine. Separation of compounds was achieved on a C18 (50mmx2.1mm i.d., 3.5microm) analytical column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/H20 (65:35, v/v) containing 0.1% formic acid and isocratic flow at 0.150mL/min for 3min. The analytes were monitored by tandem-mass spectrometry with electrospray positive ionization. Linear calibration curves in human plasma were generated over the range of 0.2-500ng/mL with values for the coefficient of determination of >0.9950. Within- and between day precision and accuracy were < or =10%. The method was applied to the quantitation of sunitinib in plasma samples from a patient receiving daily oral therapy with sunitinib.     

Habitat Quality and Activity Budgets of White-Headed Langurs in Fusui,China

Within a species, habitat quality may be a factor causing different activity budgets between populations. The habitat of white-headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) has been seriously disturbed in Fusui Rare and Precious Animal Nature Reserve, China, where we carried out a study of their socioecology from September 1997 to September 1998. We collected data on langur activity budgets from the main population located in the central part of a group of limestone hills. We classified habitat quality into 4 grades according to the extent of human disturbance. We showed that the two main study groups of white-headed langurs spent on average 50% of time resting, 13% feeding, 18% moving (including foraging), 11% grooming, and 7% playing. Langur time budgets showed no significant seasonal change, but they differed among different sex-age classes. Infants and juveniles spent about 20.3% of time playing, whereas adults spent only 0.2% playing. The group in high quality habitat engaged less in feeding and more in playing than the group in low quality habitat did. Habitat quality influenced the playing time of young white-headed langurs and may be vital to their successful maturation.