黄河鼠兔Ochotona huangensis(Matschie,1907)的分类研究

黄河鼠兔(Ochotona huangensis)由Matschie(1907)发表,长期以来国内外学者意见纷纭,有人将它归入藏鼠兔(O.thibetana),有的则作为达乌尔鼠兔(O.daurica)的同物异名。经查对地模及邻近地模产地的标本,并与其相似种进行了仔细的对比,认为黄河鼠兔不同于藏鼠兔、甘肃鼠兔、达乌尔鼠兔,而是一有效物种。     

努布拉鼠兔(Ochotona nubrica Thomas,1922)的分类订正

努布拉鼠兔(Ochotona nubrica)的分类地位迄今未能得到合理解决,曾被列为草原鼠兔(O.pusilla)、灰鼠兔(O.roylei)或藏鼠兔(O.thibetana)的同物异名。作者根据原始文献、地模标本及邻近地模产地的标本与有关的鼠兔种类进行对比研究,证实了努布拉鼠兔既不同于藏鼠兔,也不同于灰鼠兔,而是一个有效物种。     

亚洲象无齿奎隆线虫一新种：（圆形亚目：毛线科）

本文报道作者近年来在石家庄动物园对亚洲象Elephas maximus进行药物驱虫时采集的寄生线虫一新种,无齿奎隆线虫,新种Quilonia edentata sp.nov.,模式标本保存于河北师范大学生物系。     

高翔蜉属一新种：蜉蝣目：扁蜉蝣科

本文记述采自湖南省大庸市高翔蜉属一新种。该种以其阳茎叶外侧面具有一向前弯曲的钩状突起为显著特征,可区别于本属其他种类。     

紫外激光消融主动脉斑块和感生荧光光谱观测

利用XeCI准分子激光辐照主动脉血管正常组织和斑块组织,观察到组织被激光消融。消融所产生的凹坑与辐射时间呈对数直线关系。308nm激光感生的血管壁荧光光谱在可见波段出现二个荧光极大值,用二极值的相对强度之比可以判断正常或斑块组织。     

吉林省跃度蝗属一新种：直翅目：网翅蝗科

本文报道跃度蝗属1新种。模式标本保存于东北师范大学生物系动物标本室。1.土们岭跃度蝗Podismopsis tumenlingensis,新种 雄性:体小型。头顶三角形,具中隆线,眼间距宽为触角间颜面隆起宽的2.00-2.26倍。缺头侧窝。颜面倾斜,颜面隆起侧缘近平行,中央具纵沟。触角丝状,     

The long-distance migration of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Delphacidae) in China: radar observations of mass return flight in the autumn

Abstract.

• 1 A case study is presented of the autumn migration of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), in the area of Nanjing in the People's Republic of China. The study was made using a high frequency (8 mm wavelength) radar and a net suspended from a kytoon.
• 2 The observations confirmed that long-distance return migrations occur in China in mid and late September, with N.lugens being carried on the prevailing north-easterly wind towards the autumn infestation and overwintering areas of the species.
• 3 After mass take-off in the late afternoon or at dusk, the migrants flew for several hours during the evening, often in a dense layer which formed at heights between about 400 and 1000m above ground. These layers often had well-defined ceilings corresponding to an air temperature of about 16°C. The migration height was above the top of the surface temperature inversion, i.e. the migrants did not fly at the height of the warmest air.
• 4 The dense layer concentrations overflying the radar were backtracked to source areas up to 240 km away in the north-east of Jiangsu Province. Planthoppers observed emigrating from the Nanjing area would reach areas in south Anhui Province or north Jiangxi Province if they flew for 12 h.
• 5 There was a second period of mass take-off at dawn. Insect layers sometimes formed but did not last longer than 1–2h.
• 6 The present results were strikingly different from those previously observed in the dry season in the Philippines, where migratory flight durations were largely confined to periods of about 30min at dusk and dawn.
• 7 Our observations are discussed in relation to the equator-wards return migrations undertaken in autumn by other insect species, and the importance of these migrations for the maintenance of long-flying genotypes in the overwintering populations is considered.

     

躯体传入冲动抑制中枢性心肌缺血的脊髓机制

本工作在58只尿酯-氯醛糖麻醉,三碘季铵酚制动,人工呼吸,切断迷走神经的兔上进行。结果显示:电刺激正中神经(MN)和腓深神经(DPN)均能抑制或部分抑制下丘脑背内侧核(DMH)诱发的缺血性心电 ST 段偏移,以刺激 MN 的抑制作用更为明显。蛛网膜下腔注射(ith)吗啡(40μg)也能抑制这种缺血性心电变化。ith 纳洛酮(20μg)则可阻断刺激 MN 对中枢性心肌缺血的抑制作用。完整兔在刺激左侧 MN 或 DPN 后,用放射免疫技术测得胸 2—5(T_2-5)节段两侧中间外侧柱(IML)中亮氨酸脑啡肽(LENK)含量明显增加。在颈1(C_1)水平横断脊髓,以同样参数刺激左侧 MN,同侧胸髓 IML 中 LENK 含量明显增加,而对侧胸髓 IML 中 LENK 含量无明显改变;刺激一侧 DPN,T_(2-5)的两侧 IML 中 LENK 含量均无明显变化。上述结果表明,刺激 MN 与 DPN 均能抑制 DMH 诱发的中枢性心肌缺血,但以MN 作用较明显。我们推测这种抑制作用可能与通过脊上机制双侧性增加 IML 中 LENK 含量有关,MN 的抑制作用可能尚包括直接激活胸髓内的脑啡肽系统,增加同侧 IML 中 LENK含量,加强了对交感输出活动的抑制作用。     

小脑皮层在兔瞬膜条件反射过程中的调制作用

以音调结合气流刺激兔角膜的训练建立瞬膜条件反射,在条件反射率刚达90%,连续出现三组的学习初始阶段,电解损毁小脑半球第六小叶皮层使 D-I 核的学习相关性电活动和瞬膜条件反射消除,但不影响“非条件”反射,而在经一周巩固训练的动物,损毁小脑皮层上述区域不发生影响。D-I 核的细胞自发电活动在学习初期和记忆巩固时期也有所不同。在学习后期,D-I 核的细胞自发电活动频率减低,和在学习初期与损毁小脑皮层后的频率变化相似。实验结果表明:在瞬膜条件反射过程中,以小脑皮层为主导,对瞬膜条件反射的产生和D-I 核的学习相关性电活动具有调制作用。随着记忆巩固过程,D-I 核脱离皮层的控制而发展成为这一学习模式的记忆痕迹基础部位。     

内皮素对大鼠肠系膜微血管的作用

应用显微电视录象技术可观察到内皮素(ET)对戊巴比妥钠麻醉的 Wistar 大鼠的肠系膜微血管有收缩作用,血液流速减慢,甚至产生微循环障碍,这个作用相当持久,并呈剂量依赖关系。ET 的这个作用远高于去甲肾上腺素。这些结果提示,ET 作为强烈的微血管收缩剂,在微循环紊乱疾病的发病学中可能具有重要意义。