色疣节梗孢属一中国新记录种

【目的】调查我国植物病原真菌资源与多样性。【方法】采用经典真菌形态分类方法并结合序列分析结果对研究样品进行鉴定。【结果】从浙江省绍兴市平水镇的林下枯叶上分离到尖色疣节梗孢,对尖色疣节梗孢的形态特征进行了详细的观察和描述,并对其ITS rDNA序列进行分析。【结论】金缕梅叶斑病的尖色疣节梗孢病原菌在我国是首次发现,为我国真菌新记录种。     

Comparative morphology study of the male genitalia in the tribe Astathini from China (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

The male genitalia of 13 species from four genera of Astathini were described and analyzed. The result showed that five genital characters, such as shape of the apex of 8th abdominal tergaum and sternum, ratio of the length of lateral lobes to tegmen, can be used to identify genera of Astathini; six characters, such as ratio of the length of lateral lobes to tegmen, ratio of the length of roof to lateral lobes, shape of the apex of ventral plate of median lobe, can be used to identify species in Bacchisa.     

基于叶绿体 psbA-trnH 序列和 trnL-F序列的牡丹野生种间关系

对牡丹组全部9个野生种15个居群及凤丹的叶绿体psb A-trn H和trn L-F序列进行测序,并采用邻位相连法分别构建了psb A-trn H序列和trn L-F序列的系统发育树。结果显示:1)两段序列的基因树均支持牡丹组划分为两个亚组的分类方法,与前人的研究结果一致。2)psb A-trn H序列基因树表明大花黄牡丹与黄牡丹的亲缘关系最近,这与大花黄牡丹曾被确定为黄牡丹的一个变种的历史一致。3)革质花盘亚组内,基于psb A-trn H和trn L-F序列的研究结果大体一致,分歧主要在四川牡丹的地位问题。4)psb A-trn H序列和trn L-F序列基因树分别表明杨山牡丹与凤丹具有最近或较近的亲缘关系。     

Egg cell-specific promoter-controlled CRISPR/Cas9 efficiently generates homozygous mutants for multiple target genes in Arabidopsis in a single generation

Arabidopsis mutants produced by constitutive overexpression of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system are usually mosaics in the T1 generation. In this study, we used egg cell-specific promoters to drive the expression of Cas9 and obtained non-mosaic T1 mutants for multiple target genes with high efficiency. Comparisons of 12 combinations of eight promoters and two terminators found that the efficiency of the egg cell-specific promoter-controlled CRISPR/Cas9 system depended on the presence of a suitable terminator, and the composite promoter generated by fusing two egg cell-specific promoters resulted in much higher efficiency of mutation in the T1 generation compared with the single promoters.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0715-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Marsupials and monotremes possess a novel family of MHC class I genes that is lost from the eutherian lineage

Background

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes are found in the genomes of all jawed vertebrates. The evolution of this gene family is closely tied to the evolution of the vertebrate genome. Family members are frequently found in four paralogous regions, which were formed in two rounds of genome duplication in the early vertebrates, but in some species class Is have been subject to additional duplication or translocation, creating additional clusters. The gene family is traditionally grouped into two subtypes: classical MHC class I genes that are usually MHC-linked, highly polymorphic, expressed in a broad range of tissues and present endogenously-derived peptides to cytotoxic T-cells; and non-classical MHC class I genes generally have lower polymorphism, may have tissue-specific expression and have evolved to perform immune-related or non-immune functions. As immune genes can evolve rapidly and are subject to different selection pressure, we hypothesised that there may be divergent, as yet unannotated or uncharacterised class I genes.

Results

Application of a novel method of sensitive genome searching of available vertebrate genome sequences revealed a new, extensive sub-family of divergent MHC class I genes, denoted as UT, which has not previously been characterized. These class I genes are found in both American and Australian marsupials, and in monotremes, at an evolutionary chromosomal breakpoint, but are not present in non-mammalian genomes and have been lost from the eutherian lineage. We show that UT family members are expressed in the thymus of the gray short-tailed opossum and in other immune tissues of several Australian marsupials. Structural homology modelling shows that the proteins encoded by this family are predicted to have an open, though short, antigen-binding groove.

Conclusions

We have identified a novel sub-family of putatively non-classical MHC class I genes that are specific to marsupials and monotremes. This family was present in the ancestral mammal and is found in extant marsupials and monotremes, but has been lost from the eutherian lineage. The function of this family is as yet unknown, however, their predicted structure may be consistent with presentation of antigens to T-cells.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1745-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

蝎毒对人肝癌细胞（SMMC7721）和宫颈癌（Hela）细胞抑制作用的研究

目的：探讨蝎毒粗粉及经初步纯化的蝎毒对人肝癌细胞（SMMC7721）和Hela细胞株的抑制作用。方法：以四甲基偶氮唑盐法（MTT）,Western Blotting,免疫细胞化学以及荧光标记的方法,对人肝癌细胞（SMMC7721）和Hela细胞株的凋亡相关蛋白进行检测。结果：蝎毒粗毒及经初步纯化的蝎毒具有诱导SMMC7721和Hela凋亡的作用。结论：蝎毒粗毒及经初步纯化的蝎毒对人肝癌细胞（SMMC7721）及Hela细胞的生长具有明显的抑制作用。     

尿样在SELDI技术中的优化研究

目的：建立表面增强激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱（SELDI．TOF／MS）技术检测尿液样本的方法。方法：采用SELDI技术及弱阳离子交换表面蛋白芯片（CM10）对糖尿病病例组和正常对照组的尿液样本进行分析,从尿液标本的采集、样品保存、上样浓度的控制、实验仪器的内外校准、实验结果重复性验证与分析等方面进行实验条件的优化。结果：反复冻融3次以上的样品经SELDI检测的出峰数量和峰强度情况较差;以1：1或1：2的浓度作倍比稀释后的样本经芯片检测得到的蛋白峰强度和蛋白数量最优;对两组样本重复检测3次,蛋白丰度的平均变异系数（CV值）分别为0．121和0．095;两组样本共检测到202个蛋白峰,其中差异表达蛋白29个,在肝纤维化组中表达上调13个,表达下调16个。结论：初步建立了SELDI技术检测尿液样本的方法,提高了SELDI技术检测尿液样本的质量。     

蝎毒对人肝癌细胞(SMMC7721)和宫颈癌(Hela)细胞抑制作用的研究

目的:探讨蝎毒粗粉及经初步纯化的蝎毒对人肝癌细胞(SMMC7721)和Hela细胞株的抑制作用。方法:以四甲基偶氮唑盐法(MTT),Western Blotting,免疫细胞化学以及荧光标记的方法,对人肝癌细胞(SMMC7721)和Hela细胞株的凋亡相关蛋白进行检测。结果:蝎毒粗毒及经初步纯化的蝎毒具有诱导SMMC7721和Hela凋亡的作用。结论:蝎毒粗毒及经初步纯化的蝎毒对人肝癌细胞(SMMC 7721)及Hela细胞的生长具有明显的抑制作用。     

简述引诱剂在实蝇防治中的作用

引诱剂是实蝇类害虫监测、调查和防治中最重要的手段之一,被广泛采用.本文对实蝇引诱剂的种类与诱捕范围进行了总结,并简述了引诱剂在实蝇防治中的监测与防治作用.