基于全基因组序列的弯曲菌特征分析

空肠弯曲菌(Campylobacter jejuni)和结肠弯曲菌(Campylobacter coli)是引起人类腹泻的主要致病菌。传统生化方法在鉴定弯曲菌时存在步骤多、耗时长、通量低等问题。本研究通过利用生物信息学方法对弯曲菌全基因组进行序列、基因注释、耐药基因、多位点序列分型以及CRISPR-Cas系统等分析,挖掘能够有效区分空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌的高分辨力特征。实验结果表明,空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌在基因组序列长度、GC含量、基因数量、多位点序列分型以及CRISPR-Cas系统等方面存在显著差异。同时,研究还发现了一段在空肠弯曲菌基因组中广泛存在的高分辨力CRISPR重复序列。这些特征可用于构建能够准确鉴别空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌的生物信息学方法。     

Evaluation of Repellency Effect of Two Natural Aroma Mosquito Repellent Compounds,Citronella and Citronellal*

Repellent efficacies of two natural aroma compounds, citronella and citronellal, against mosquitoes, Culex pipiens pallens, were evaluated both in field and in vitro. In vitro, the experiment was conducted with three controlled bands impregnated with 30% citronella extract, 15% citronella extract and 30% citronellal extract, and with bands impregnated 30% citronella in field. Data was obtained by the means of counting numbers bitten by mosquitoes per unit time, namely human bait method. Percentage repellencies of above three controlled bands were calculated at 86%, 73%, and 78%, respectively in vitro, and 80% in field, showing high repellent effectiveness against mosquitoes. This estimation was also confirmed by t‐test compared between control group and each experimental group.     

中国拟盘梗霉分类的研究——Ⅱ.寄生在伞形科上的一个新种

本文报告在四川西部采集的寄生于繖形科植物水芹(Oenanthe javanica(B1.)DG.)和卵叶水芹(O.rosthornii Diels)上拟盘梗霉属的一个新种——水芹拟盘梗霉(Bremiellaoenantheae Tao et Y.Qin sp.nov.)。它与在捷克和罗马尼亚发现的,寄生在缴形科Berulaerecta上的Bremiella baudysii较为接近,但根据它们的孢子囊形态、大小、长宽比及萌发的方式等方面的差别,可以将它们区分开。对新种作了拉丁文及汉文描述,并附有形态图。     

Increment of hFIX expression with endogenous intron 1 in Vitro

This paper probes into the feasibility of increasing expression level of hFIX gene with endogenous intron 1 sequence.hFIX minigene was obtained with middle sequence truncated intron 1 inserted into the relative site of hFIX cDNA,and plasmid vector pKG5i‘IX,retroviral vector G1NaCi‘IX were constructed.These vectors were transduced into target cells of PA317,C2C12,primary rabbit skin fibroblasts (RSF) and primary human skin fibroblasts (HSF).The expression level of mixed colonies are PA317/pKG5i‘IX,151 ng/10^6 cells/24h;PA317/G1NaCi‘IX,308 ng/10^6 cells/24 h;C2C12/G1NaCi‘IX,186 ng/10^6 cells/24 h;RSF/G1NaCi‘IX,1929 ng/10^6 cells/24 h;HSF/G1NaCi‘IX,1646 ng/10^6 cells/24 h.These results indicated that hFIX minigene with intron l is able to increase the expression level to about 3 times of that of hFIX cDNA.Meanwhile,in order to study the application of hFIX minigene in the retroviral-mediated gene transfer system and refrain from intron splicing during viral production,a retroviral vector G1NaCi‘IXR with reversely inserted hFIX minigene expression cassette was constructed.The expression level of reverse constructor in PA317 cells was 390 ng/10^6 cells/24 h with 79% of bioactivity.PCR detection of HT/G1NaCi‘IXR cells infected with PA317/G1NaCi‘IXR supernatant confirmed the existence of intron 1 sequence.These results suggested that expression vector with forward-inserted intronl-carrying hFIX expression cassette can be used in directed gene transfer,but when using the retroviral-mediated gene transfer system,reversely-inserted intronl-carrying hFIX expression cassette should be considered.     

Effects of Cricket Extract on Lipid Metabolism and Body Fat Content in High- Fat Diet Fed Rats

The effect of cricket extract on high‐fat diet fed rat was observed. It was shown that cricket extract prevented the increment of body weight by high‐fat diet. The extract also decreased the value of AST in liver. The most significant effect of the extract was shown on lipid metabolism. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol in liver and feces were reduced by the extract on dose‐dependent. These statistically significant results were clear in 3% extract treated group (HFD3) while were slight in 1% extract treated group (HFD1). The same result was also shown in body fat content.     

濒危植物海南龙血树种子萌发及其环境适应性分析

为了解海南龙血树(Dracaena cambodiana)濒危的机制,研究了果皮、温度、水分和光照强度等对其种子萌发的影响,并分析海南龙血树种子萌发的环境适应性。结果表明,果皮对海南龙血树种子萌发有显著抑制作用,去除果皮且用果皮浸泡液浇灌可以显著促进种子的萌发。种子萌发对温度极为敏感,25℃是种子萌发适宜的温度,低于15℃或高于30℃均不能萌发,变温处理对种子萌发具有一定的促进作用。海南龙血树种子萌发需要较高的遮荫度,光照强度对种子萌发有显著影响。种子萌发对基质的水分含量不敏感,在含水量为9.09%~20.00%的河沙基质中,种子的萌发率、萌发速率指数、萌发时滞和萌发指数均无显著差异。因此,海南龙血树种子萌发对果皮、温度、光照强度等微环境的依赖性较强,原有生境破坏导致种子萌发微环境改变可能是海南龙血树居群有性生殖失败,海南龙血树处于濒危状态的主要原因之一。     

少花蒺藜草入侵对根际土壤磷细菌群落多样性的影响

[目的]入侵植物少花蒺藜草在磷元素受限的贫瘠沙质土壤中能够快速生长和种群扩张,形成单一优势群落。本文解析了少花蒺藜草在磷胁迫条件下对磷素的高效利用机制,以期为揭示其入侵机理提供理论依据。[方法]设置少花蒺藜草、冰草、狗尾草和空白对照4个处理,通过高通量测序技术,从土壤解磷微生物的角度分析各处理间土壤中解磷细菌的组成差异。[结果]少花蒺藜草入侵显著提高了土壤磷酸酶的活性和土壤解磷菌的群落多样性。PCA与UPGMA聚类结果表明,少花蒺藜草与狗尾草根际磷细菌物种组成相似性最大。LEfSe多级物种差异判别分析结果表明,少花蒺藜草根际显著富集且与其他处理有显著性差异的解磷菌类群为α-变形菌、链霉菌,其在少花蒺藜草对磷的吸收中可能起较为重要的作用。变形菌门、浮霉菌门和放线菌门与少花蒺藜草根际土壤中的全磷含量呈显著正相关,放线菌门与少花蒺藜草根际土速效磷含量有紧密联系。[结论]少花蒺藜草通过改变入侵地根际土壤的解磷菌群落结构间接影响根际土壤的磷素环境,从而利于自身生长。     

基于牧户感知和野外调查相结合的内蒙古东部草甸草原健康评价

治理草原退化是我国草原管理的重点和难点。我国目前关于草原退化判断、退化程度、原因及治理等系列问题的确定几乎皆以科学研究结果为依据,而忽视了牧户作为草原直接使用者和管理者的重要性。牧户对草原有自己的判断和认知,其与科学方法研究之间的矛盾已经影响到草原生态保护政策的有效实施。以内蒙古东部草甸草原牧户尺度草原为研究对象,借助牧户调研和野外调查相结合的方法,将牧户划分为高、中、低3个经济水平,并运用Condition-Vigor-Organization-Resilience (CVOR)指数评价法,分析评价草原生态系统健康状况。研究结果显示,牧户对草原健康状况的感知主要从植被、土壤、牲畜等方面,与科学方法评价指标选取具有相似性;牧户感知和CVOR指数法评价结果具有一致性,均判定草原生态系统呈现不同程度退化;统计检验显示牧户对植被、土壤、牲畜影响等指标变化感知方面均不存在显著差异(P0.05),CVOR指数法下不同经济水平牧户草场健康指数之间亦无显著差异(P0.05),两种方法均显示不同经济水平牧户草场退化程度无显著差异(P0.05)。研究证实了牧户感知在指标选取、评价结果方面具备用于准确评价草原健康状况的可行性和可信度。两种方法相互补充,将有利于更加准确、实时动态监测和评价牧户尺度草原生态健康状况,为调整优化畜牧业生产实践提供指导和草原生态保护和建设政策的有效实施提供保障。     

凤仙花属（Impatiens L.）10种植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了10种凤仙花属（Impatiens L.）植物的花粉形态。结果表明：本属花粉为单粒花粉,呈长圆形至长矩圆形,大小为20.3～46.7 μm,具角萌发孔,网状纹饰,网眼明显;根据花粉网状纹饰中网眼内是否具颗粒状突起可将其分为2类：（1）网眼内无或近无颗粒状突起,黄金凤（I. siculifer）和婺源凤仙花（I. wuyuanensis）的花粉纹饰属于这一类型;（2）网眼内有明显颗粒状突起,其余8个种的花粉纹饰均属于该类型。研究表明,花粉特征,特别是花粉粒网状纹饰中网眼内有无颗粒状突起及颗粒状突起的形态等特征,在凤仙花属内常具种水平上的可见变异,因而可作为种类划分的依据,它们在分类学上的价值应予以关注。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗的临床研究

目的:通过对早期乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗的研究,探讨其远期疗效及瘤床加量照射和放化疗顺序等问题。方法:84例早期乳腺癌患者行保乳手术,术后行三维适形放疗,50Gy/25次,1次/天,5次/周,瘤床局部加量10～16Gy/5～8次。化疗采用蒽环类为主的方案,65例肿瘤直径>1cm者先化疗3个周期后放疗,然后再化疗1～3周期,13例肿瘤直径≤1cm者在术后3～6周放疗,然后化疗4～6个周期。ER/PR阳性者均行内分泌治疗。结果:全组病人5年生存率100%,5年无瘤生存率91.4%。3例乳腺局部复发,3例分别出现肺、肝和骨转移,其中2例死于肿瘤转移。总复发率7.1%。瘤床加量组局部复发率低于未加量组(P=0.04)。放化疗顺序对肿瘤复发率无影响(P=0.15)。美容效果优良率94%,一般者3.6%,差者2.4%。结论:放射治疗是早期乳腺癌保乳治疗的重要组成部分,瘤床加量照射可降低局部复发率。放化疗顺序对于局部复发率影响不大。