社鼠组织器官同工酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳方法,分析了社鼠的肝、肾、心肌、骨骼肌、肺、脾和脑等多种组织器官的ＬＤＨ、ＡＤＨ、ＥＳＴ、和ＳＯＤ４种同工酶,对各组织器官的酶带数目和分布,以及酶活性进行了比较研究。结果表明,社鼠的ＬＤＨ同工酶、ＡＤＨ同工酶和ＥＳＴ同工酶具有比较明显的组织特异性,而ＳＯＤ同工酶的组织特异性较低。肺和脾除ＥＳＴ同工酶活性较高外,脑除ＬＤＨ同工酶活性较高外,其它３种同工酶的活性均较低;而肝和肾中４种同工酶的活性普遍很高。心肌和骨骼肌因氧张力不同而使ＬＤＨ同工酶酶谱存在明显差异,但其它３种同工酶酶谱却非常相似。同工酶的组织特异性与各组织器官所执行的生理功能是相一致的     

古背鳕(Palaeoniscinotus)在我国初次发现

记述了在宁夏六盘山盆地侏罗系中发现的古背鳕（Palaeoniscinotus）一新种─—宁夏古背鳕（P.ningxiaensis）。其一般形态特征如体形、鳍的位置和结构、悬挂骨的倾斜程度、鳃盖骨系统及鳞片等结构,与俄罗斯伊尔库茨克中侏罗世的切卡诺夫斯基氏古背鳕（P．czekanowskii）很相似,但新种的背鳍和臀鳍的鳍条均较少、鳞片条纹倾斜分布以及侧线鳞较少等特征显然有别于后者。最后讨论了这个属的系统位置和含鱼化石地层的时代,认为属中侏罗世的可能性较大。     

用Blue Sepharose CL-6B快速纯化天花粉蛋白

差光谱显示染料cibacron blue F3GA与天花粉蛋白(TCS)有特异性结合,复合物在可见光部分的最大吸收波长在690 nm,摩尔消光系数ε=2.6×10^-3(mol/L)^-1·cm^-1,解离常数K_d=1.8 μmol/L,0.5 mol/L NaCl可使复合物解离.根据这一特点,用Blue-Sepharose CL-6B凝胶从栝篓块茎中亲和纯化了TCS.此法快速、简便、高效,易于大量制备.     

辛硫磷和溴氰菊酯混剂对家蝇抗性发展的影响

以家蝇(Musca domestica vicina Macquart)为试虫,用辛硫磷溴氰菊酯单剂及不同配比的混剂进行汰选试验。所有混剂选育的家蝇抗性发展都很缓慢,而单剂抗性发展都很快。增效试验表明,辛硫磷与溴氰菊酯混配有明显增效作用,特别是对抗性品系。生化分析结果表明,对澳氰菊酯的抗性发展与酯酶的酶活升高有关。对辛硫磷抗性发展与多功能氧化酶的酶活升高和乙酰胆碱酯酶敏感性降低有关。混剂选育的家蝇其对单剂的敏感性的变化及酶系的变化,随着混剂的配比而变化。     

薏苡胚乳传递细胞的超微结构

传粉后１０ ｄ,薏苡（Ｃｏｉｘ ｌａｃｒｙｍ ａ－ｊｏｂｉＬ．）颖果基部胚乳最外层传递细胞具长而多的壁内突,第二层细胞的壁内突较第一层的短而少,均具瓣裂的细胞核、丰富的线粒体、粗糙内质网、核糖体、产生小泡的高尔基体及与壁内突质膜相连的、含深色物质的囊泡。线粒体分布于壁内突附近或其间。授粉后２５ ｄ,第一、二层细胞壁内突发达,几乎充满了细胞,但细胞器可见。第四层传递细胞具树枝状及网状的壁内突,大量线粒体、具质体膜的淀粉粒、脂体存在壁内突附近或壁内突的间隙内。高尔基体常见,仅见很少的片段内质网。第五层传递细胞具短的壁内突、较大的淀粉粒及许多小蛋白质体。两个时期的第一、二层细胞内均未观察到胞间连丝。授粉后２５ ｄ,第四层及以上的传递细胞的细胞壁和呈网状的壁内突均含有胞间连丝。还讨论了各种细胞器的作用及各层传递细胞的功能     

Three-dimensional structure prediction of the NAD binding site of proton-pumping transhydrogenase from Escherichia coli

A three-dimensional structure of the NAD site of Escerichia coli transhydrogenase has been predicted. The model is based on analysis of conserved residues among the transhydrogenases from five different sources, homologies with enzymes using NAD as cofactors or substrates, hydrophilicity profiles, and secondary structure predictions. The present model supports the hypothesis that there is one binding site, located relatively close to the N-terminus of the α-subunit. The proposed structure spans residues α145 to α287, and it includes five β-strands and five α-helices oriented in a typical open twisted α/β conformation. The amino acid sequence following the GXGXXG dinucleotide binding consensus sequence (residues α172 to α177) correlates exactly to a typical fingerprint region for ADP binding βαβ folds in dinucleotide binding enzymes. In the model, aspartic acid α195 forms hydrogen bonds to one or both hydroxyl groups on the adenosine ribose sugar moiety. Threonine α196 and alanine α256, located at the end of βB and βD, respectively, create a hydrophobic sandwich with the adenine part of NAD buried inside. The nicotinamide part is located in a hydrophobic cleft between αA and βE. Mutagenesis work has been carried out in order to test the predicted model and to determine whether residues within this domain are important for proton pumping directly. All data support the predicted structure, and no residue crucial for proton pumping Was detected. Since no three-dimensional structure of transhydrogenase has been solved, a well based tertiary structure prediction is of great value for further experimental design in trying to elucidate the mechanism of the energy-linked proton pump. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Nuclear migration advances in fungi

Nuclear migration encompasses three areas: separation of daughter nuclei during mitosis, congress of parental nuclei before they fuse during fertilization, and positioning of nuclei in interphase cells. This review deals primarily with interphase nuclear migration, which is crucial for events as disparate as vertebrate embryonic development and growth of fungal mycelia. Mutants of Aspergillus nidulans, Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been particularly informative, and a detailed molecular analysis of this process is now well under way.     

钙调神经磷酸酶在胍变性过程中活力及构象变化的比较

钙调神经磷酸酶（ＣａＮ）在盐酸胍溶液中的内源荧光、远紫外ＣＤ谱及剩余活力的变化提示：ＣａＮ的酶活力在胍浓度为０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ左右可完全丧失,同时伴有内源荧光强度的下降,３３３ｎｍ最大发射峰的红移（提示了色氨酸和酪氨酸残基的暴露）。比较不同胍浓度下牛脑ＣａＮ的失活与整体构象变化,表明酶的失活先于整体构象变化。在０．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ胍溶液中,内源荧光变化的动力学过程只能测出一相,而酶失活的动力学过程为快、慢两相,快相动力学速度常数比整体构象变化速度常数大１－２个数量级,慢相失活速度常数与整体构象变化速度常数相近。提示低浓度胍可引起该酶的完全失活,活性部位的空间构象比整个酶分子的构象更易受到变性剂的扰乱。     

药用野生稻GBSS基因的系统发育及组织特异性表达

淀粉作为主要的碳水化合物在储藏能量方面发挥至关重要的作用。颗粒结合型淀粉合酶(GBSS)与直链淀粉的合成息息相关。尽管该酶的编码基因已在许多栽培植物中被分离和确定, 但有关它们在作物野生近缘种中的序列分歧和表达的研究却相对较少。该研究以药用野生稻(Oryza officinalis)为研究对象, 定性和定量地分析了GBSS编码基因的序列特点、与其它植物同源基因的进化关系以及在叶和种子中的表达情况。系统发育分析表明, 该酶在禾本科植物中分别由GBSSI和GBSSII基因编码。在药用野生稻中, 这2种基因所编码蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性为62%, 并且它们在不同器官内呈现时空分化表达, 其中GBSSI在种子中超强表达, GBSSII则主要在叶片表达。     

不同胃疾患胃内微生态变化的研究

本文对75例不同胃疾患胃液内的菌群及影响胃内微生态环境的因素进行了研究,发现健康胃内基本无菌或只有少量口腔细菌,未发现厌氧菌。而不同胃疾患胃内均分离到细菌(log10~n/ml),慢性萎缩性胃炎:3.89±0.99,残胃炎:4.45±0.16,胃癌:4.23,十二指肠球部溃疡治疗前(2.8±0.62)与抗酸治疗后(4.35±0.61)差别显著,慢性浅表性胃炎:3.39±0.98,胃溃疡:3.42±0.29。所分离到的细菌既有来自于口腔的细菌,也有来自于肠道的细菌。影响胃内细菌增殖的主要因素是胃液的PH值,幽门功能失调及幽门切除亦可使胃内细菌过度生长。本研究提示对胃病的治疗亦应进行生态防治。