鹤顶兰花粉管在子房中的生长途径

运用扫描电镜对鹤顶兰(Phaiustankervilliae(Aiton)Bl.)花粉管在子房内的生长途径进行了观察。结果表明:花粉管在子房中的生长途径可以分为3个阶段:(1)沿子房壁轴向生长阶段,从授粉开始至大孢子母细胞四分体时期,花粉管经过合蕊柱到达子房,经由胎座基部沿子房壁轴向生长;(2)沿子房径向生长阶段,二核胚囊之后,花粉管在胚珠之间穿梭,以径向生长为主;(3)朝珠孔定向生长阶段,胚囊成熟时,花粉管朝珠孔定向生长进入胚囊。实验结果说明花粉管的定向生长受胚珠的分子信号调控。     

番茄褐斑病菌产毒培养条件及其毒素的致病范围

对番茄褐斑病菌(Helminthosporiurn carposaprum)产毒条件和毒素对不同番茄品种的毒性进行了研究,结果表明,不同的pH值、温度、光照条件、培养天数所制备的毒素毒力差异显著,病菌的最佳产毒条件是室温25℃,光照12 h、pH值为6、振荡培养15 d;不同植物对病菌毒素的敏感性不同。     

基于主成分分析的古树土壤肥力综合评价

以广州市海珠区登记在册的40株古树为研究对象,调查其生长状况,采集土壤测定pH、EC值、容重、通气度、有机质、全N、全P、全K、水解N、有效P、速效K含量等11项理化指标,采用主成分分析和聚类分析对古树土壤肥力进行综合评价.结果表明:海珠区大多数古树土壤EC值偏低(<0.35 mS·cm-1),表现为强变异;土壤有机质...     

香蜜儿的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称香蜜儿（Boronia heterophylla F.Muell.）。2材料类别茎段。3培养条件基本培养基为MS。（1）启动培养基（初代培养基）：MS＋6-BA2.0mg·L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0.2;（2）增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA1.0＋NAA0.1;（3）生根培养基：1/2MS＋NAA0.2＋IBA0.3＋2,4-D0.01。     

昆虫体内章鱼胺和酪胺的研究进展

章鱼胺(octopamine, OA)和酪胺(tyramine, TA)在昆虫体内扮演着各种重要的生理角色。它们协调控制着昆虫的各种器官和行为, 如调节外周淋巴器官功能和影响昆虫的学习与记忆、昼夜节律等, 使得昆虫能够以合理的方式来应对外界刺激, 并被认为在功能上对应于脊椎动物体内的肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素。虽然都是酪氨酸脱羧基产物, 且酪胺是章鱼胺的生物合成前体, 但它们都通过不同的G蛋白偶联受体在昆虫体内发挥不同的神经调控作用。近年来, 对昆虫体内章鱼胺和酪胺, 尤其是它们与对应受体作用的研究, 日益受到关注。本文对昆虫体内章鱼胺和酪胺的生物合成, 在神经和非神经组织中的分布, 被突触前结构的再摄取以及它们在昆虫体内的不同生理功能等方面的研究进展进行了综述, 特别对章鱼胺和酪胺受体基因的克隆、信号转导途径以及药理作用特性等相关研究的最新进展进行了详细评述。     

利用Sed1p锚定蛋白在毕赤酵母表面展示米黑根毛霉脂肪酶及其应用

通过PCR扩增米黑根毛霉脂肪酶基因,在米黑根毛霉脂肪酶N端加入Flag标签。将米黑根毛霉脂肪酶基因与酿酒酵母细胞壁蛋白Sed1p基因的N端融合构建质粒pPIC9K-Flag-RML-Sed1,转化毕赤酵母GS115获得重组菌GS115/pPIC9K-Flag-RML-Sed1。重组菌经过甲醇诱导表达后,显微镜免疫荧光分析与流式细胞仪检测结果均证实米黑根毛霉脂肪酶已经成功展示在毕赤酵母上。该重组菌水解活力达到169.6U/g(Dry cell weight),在非水相中催化脂肪酸甲酯的合成,72h后脂肪酸甲酯的产率达82.36%。     

在斑马鱼Ⅰ和Ⅱ期卵母细胞中优势表达基因zRAP55的鉴定(英文)

通过性腺特异性表达基因的筛选,作者发现了一个在斑马鱼卵巢中富集的基因zRAP55。zRAP55蛋白由382个氨基酸组成并含有一个高度保守的Lsm区。zRAP55蛋白与其他脊椎动物一致性在56%以上。RT-PCR结果表明,zRAP55优势表达于卵巢中。原位杂交和免疫组织化学结果表明:在Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期卵母细胞中,zRAP55的阳性信号强烈,均匀地分布于整个细胞质中,但是在Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期卵母细胞中均检测不到信号。作为一个RNA相关蛋白,zRAP55可能在早期卵母细胞中具有调节蛋白质翻译的重要作用。     

Genetic uniformity characterizes the invasive spread of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), a clonal aquatic plant

Aquatic plant invasions are often associated with long‐distance dispersal of vegetative propagules and prolific clonal reproduction. These reproductive features combined with genetic bottlenecks have the potential to severely limit genetic diversity in invasive populations. To investigate this question we conducted a global scale population genetic survey using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers of the world’s most successful aquatic plant invader –Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth). We sampled 1140 ramets from 54 populations from the native (South America) and introduced range (Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, Central America and the Caribbean). Although we detected 49 clones, introduced populations exhibited very low genetic diversity and little differentiation compared with those from the native range, and ～80% of introduced populations were composed of a single clone. A widespread clone (‘W’) detected in two Peruvian populations accounted for 70.9% of the individuals sampled and dominated in 74.5% of the introduced populations. However, samples from Bangladesh and Indonesia were composed of different genotypes, implicating multiple introductions to the introduced range. Nine of 47 introduced populations contained clonal diversity suggesting that sexual recruitment occurs in some invasive sites where environmental conditions favour seedling establishment. The global patterns of genetic diversity in E. crassipes likely result from severe genetic bottlenecks during colonization and prolific clonal propagation. The prevalence of the ‘W’ genotype throughout the invasive range may be explained by stochastic sampling, or possibly because of pre‐adaptation of the ‘W’ genotype to tolerate low temperatures.     

Genealogy and palaeodrainage basins in Yunnan Province: phylogeography of the Yunnan spiny frog,Nanorana yunnanensis (Dicroglossidae)

Historical drainage patterns adjacent to the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau differed markedly from those of today. We examined the relationship between drainage history and geographic patterns of genetic variation in the Yunnan spiny frog, Nanorana yunnanensis, using approximately 981 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA partial sequences from protein‐coding genes ND1 and ND2, and intervening areas including complete tRNA^Ile, tRNA^Gln and tRNA^Met. Two null hypotheses were tested: (i) that genetic patterns do not correspond to the development of drainage systems and (ii) that populations had been stable and not experienced population expansion, bottlenecking and selection. Genealogical analyses identified three, major, well‐supported maternal lineages, each of which had two sublineages. These divergent lineages were completely concordant with six geographical regions. Genetic structure and divergence were strongly congruent with historical rather than contemporary drainage patterns. Most lineages and sublineages were formed via population fragmentation during the rearrangement of paleodrainage basins in the Early Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. Sympatric lineages occurred only in localities at the boundaries of major drainages, likely reflecting secondary contact of previously allopatric populations. Extensive population expansion probably occurred early in the Middle Pleistocene accompanying dramatic climatic oscillations.     

ELISPOT检测高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒感染后猪γ-干扰素的分泌情况

目的:研究高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染后猪外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)特异性分泌γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)的免疫反应。方法:将仔猪接种PRRSV,于病毒接种前后各时间点分别采血并分离PBMC,采用酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)检测PBMC分泌IFN-γ的情况。结果:猪感染高致病性PRRSV后,PBMC分泌IFN-γ的能力明显增强,对照组无明显变化。结论:该结果可为研究高致病性PRRSV致病机理提供参考,为评价PRRSV疫苗诱发的细胞免疫效应提供依据。