炭角菌科部分类群的生物地理学研究(英文)

与肉质真菌相比,大多数炭角菌科真菌的子实体结构和质地使其在自然环境中保持长久,不易腐变,这有利于记录该科采集物的分布信息,基于过去长达25年对该科的深厚工作积累,使我们有可能对其进行地理分布的研究。     

白念珠菌SPE1基因高表达菌株构建及鉴定

目的构建白念珠菌SPEl基因高表达菌株。方法将白念珠菌．SPEl基因的ORF置于高表达质粒载体pCaE—xP的MErF3启动子后面,构建pCaEXP—SPEJ的高表达质粒,然后采用醋酸锂转染法将高表达质粒转染白念珠菌RMl000中,在SD—ura’met—cys-选择性固体培养基上筛选阳性克隆,抽取基因组进行PCR验证,将验证为阳性转染子的菌落采用RealTimeRT．PCR方法进行SPE1基因转录水平的表达验证。结果通过酶切鉴定pCaEXP—SPEl高表达质粒构建正确;通过PCR验证表明SPEl基因整合到亲本菌中的RPl0位点;通过RealTimeRT—PCR方法筛选出sPEJ基因在转录水平高表达的菌株。结论利用高表达质粒载体pCaEXP通过基因同源重组等方法正确构建SPEl基因高表达的白念珠菌。     

激素联合丙种球蛋白治疗小儿重症肌无力的疗效及对患儿免疫球蛋白和补体的影响

目的：探讨激素联合丙种球蛋白治疗小儿重症肌无力的临床疗效及对患儿免疫球蛋白和补体的影响。方法：回顾性分析在我院治疗的70例重症肌无力患儿的临床资料,采用随机序号的方式将其分为观察组和对照组各35例,观察组给予甲泼尼龙联合丙种球蛋白,对照组仅给予甲泼尼龙,观察两组的临床疗效及免疫球蛋白和补体变化情况。结果：观察组总有效率为94．3％明显优于对照组74．3％,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组症状明显缓解时间（6．55±1．35）d以及总住院天数（17．15±3．65）d较对照组明显缩短,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：采用激素联合丙种球蛋白治疗小儿重症肌无力,可以明显改善患者肌无力症状,获得较为满意的临床疗效,值得进一步推广使用。     

TaqmanqPCR检测CD147／Basigin剪接变异体在人上皮性卵巢癌中的表达

目的：应用TaqmanqPCR技术检测CDl47／basigin剪接变异体在人上皮性卵巢癌组织与正常卵巢组织中的表达差异。方法：运用半定量RT．PCR技术检测CDl47／basigin剪接变异体在上皮性卵巢癌细胞系中的表达;TaqmanqPCR检测CDl47／basigin剪接变异体在人上皮性卵巢癌细胞系中的表达分布;进一步通过收集32例上皮性卵巢癌组织与26例正常卵巢组织,提取组织RNA,反转录cDNA,TaqmanqPCR检测CDl47／basigin剪接变异体mRNA在上皮性卵巢癌组织与正常卵巢组织中的表达差异。结果：半定量RT-PCR结果显示basigin-2,basigin-3和basigin-4在上皮性卵巢癌细胞系中均有表达,主要以basigin-2为主;TaqmanqPCR检测到三种剪接变异体在不同卵巢癌细胞系中表达不同,basigin-2在卵巢癌细胞系中较basigin一3,basigin-4表达较高,basigin一4较basigin．3略高;Basigin．2剪接变异体在高转移Ho．8910pm细胞中表达较高,在低转移HO一8910细胞中表达较低。组织TaqmanqPCR检测basigin-2和basigin-4在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达水平显著高于正常卵巢组织（P值分别为〈0．0001和0．0261）,basigin．3的表达水平略有升高（P=0．2616）,但无统计学意义。结论：三种剪接变异体在卵巢癌组织中较正常卵巢组织表达上调。CDl47／basigin．2在高转移卵巢癌细胞系HO-8910pm中高表达,在低转移卵巢癌细胞系HO-8910中低表达,且表达强度与上皮性卵巢癌的转移相关;探讨CDl47／basigin一2在上皮性卵巢癌中的高表达,为卵巢癌的进一步治疗开辟一新途径。     

植物细胞与细胞间物质转运及其对生长发育的调控

细胞与细胞之间的物质运输和信号传递对于多细胞生物的生长发育非常重要．一些内源的大分子物质如蛋白质、核酸或核酸蛋白质复合体可以选择性地通过植物特有的亚细胞结构即胞间连丝（PD）在细胞之间运输．小分子物质主要以被动的形式在细胞间通过PD进行扩散．PD对蛋白质和核酸的运输具有选择性,这种运输受到严格调控．大分子物质在细胞间的运输对植物的生长和发育有极其重要的调控作用．KN1,STM,SHR,TRY和WER等转录因子在细胞之间的转运对于维持植物的茎尖分生组织、根尖分生组织和表皮细胞功能起重要作用．另外,某些小分子RNA也能够在植物细胞间进行选择性运输,并通过在不同细胞中降解或抑制靶mRNA的翻译来调节植物组织的生长发育．     

Mid-Neolithic Exploitation of Mollusks in the Guanzhong Basin of Northwestern China: Preliminary Results

Mollusk remains are abundant in archaeological sites in the Guanzhong Basin of Northwestern China, providing good opportunities for investigations into the use of mollusks by prehistoric humans. Here we report on freshwater gastropod and bivalve mollusks covering the time interval from about 5600 to 4500 cal. yrs BP from sites of Mid-Late Neolithic age. They are identified as Cipangopaludina chinensis and Unio douglasiae, both of which are currently food for humans. The shells are well preserved and have no signs of abrasion. They are all freshwater gastropods and bivalves found in pits without water-reworked deposits and have modern representatives which can be observed in rivers, reservoirs, and paddy fields in the studied region. Mollusk shells were frequently recovered in association with mammal bones, lithic artifacts, and pottery. These lines of evidence indicate that the mollusks are the remains of prehistoric meals. The mollusk shells were likely discarded into the pits by prehistoric humans after the flesh was eaten. However, these mollusk remains may not have been staple food since they are not found in large quantities. Mollusk shell tools and ornaments are also observed. Shell tools include shell knives, shell reaphooks and arrowheads, whereas shell ornaments are composed of pendants and loops. All the shell tools and ornaments are made of bivalve mollusks and do not occur in large numbers. The finding of these freshwater mollusk remains supports the view that the middle Holocene climate in the Guanzhong Basin may have been warm and moist, which was probably favorable to freshwater mollusks growing and developing in the region.     

大麦主栽品种亲缘系数和对叶斑病的抗性分析

为明确我国大麦主栽品种的遗传多样性及其对叶斑病的抗性来源,采用亲缘系数(COP,coefficient of parentage)分析方法对155个主栽大麦品种的遗传系谱进行聚类分析,同时对其中79个供试大麦品种在苗期和成株期分别接种2个强毒性菌株进行抗性鉴定。结果显示,155个品种聚为6个类群,有亲缘关系的品种占全部品种14.77%。在品种间组成的11935个组合中,1763个组合间存在亲缘关系,其COP值变化范围在0~0.7500之间,亲缘系数总和为157.5867,平均值为0.0132。根据系谱分析发现了不同育种单位所育品种的核心亲本,并追溯其主要的祖先亲本。此外,通过对叶斑病的抗性鉴定,发现大多数供试的大麦品种感叶斑病,高抗品种主要集中在垦啤麦系列品种和蒙啤麦3号,部分华大麦和驻大麦系列的品种在苗期或成株期中抗叶斑病。系谱分析及抗性鉴定结果揭示了我国大麦叶斑病抗性基因存在不同来源,分析结果有利于提高抗叶斑病基因筛选效率和缩小筛选范围,也将促进抗叶斑病新基因资源的发掘和利用。     

Multiple mechanisms contributed to the reduced stability of Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem following nitrogen enrichment

Plant and Soil - Global nitrogen enrichment has been identified as a major environmental problem that poses a threat to ecosystem functioning. However, there is no consensus on the impact of...