Comparison of Short- and Medium-Term Clinical Outcomes between Transradial Approach and Transfemoral Approach in a High-Volume PCI Heart Center in China

Background

Transradial approach (TRA) outweighed transfemoral approach (TFA) in acute coronary syndrome patients because the former has better short-term outcomes in high-volume percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centers. Our study was one of the limited studies specifically in comparing the short- and medium-term effects of TRA and those of TFA in patients undergoing elective PCIs.

Methods

A total of 21,242 patients who underwent elective PCI with stent implantation were included. Using propensity score methodology, 1,634 patient pairs were matched. Major clinical outcomes and PCI-related complications between TRA and TFA were compared.

Results

In the propensity score-matched patients, the rates of in-hospital net adverse clinical events, which included death, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR), stroke, and major bleeding, were much lower with TRA than with TFA (1.8% vs. 3.9%, P < 0.001). This difference was mainly due to the lower rate of major bleeding (0.6% vs. 1.8%, P < 0.001) and the decreased rate of MI (1.1% vs. 1.9%, P = 0.060). PCI-related dissection and thrombosis were similar between the TRA and TFA groups (both P > 0.05). Meanwhile, one-year incidence rates of major adverse cardiovascular events, which included death, MI, and TVR, were also similar (4.1% vs. 4.9%, P = 0.272) in TRA and TFA. Multivariable regression analyses showed that TRA was an independent predictor of the low rate of in-hospital net adverse clinical events (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 0.71), but not of major adverse cardiovascular events at one-year follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.96 to 1.06).

Conclusions

In patients undergoing elective PCI, TRA patients had lower rates of in-hospital net adverse clinical outcomes compared with TFA patients. TRA might be recommended as a routine approach in high-volume PCI hospitals for elective PCIs.     

Detection of Clenbuterol Hydrochloride Residuals in Pork Liver Using a Customized Surface Plasmon Resonance Bioanalyzer

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunoassay with an immobilization of self-assembled molecular identification membrane for the detection of residual Clenbuterol Hydrochloride (CLB) in pork liver was systematically investigated and experimentally validated for its high performance. SPR immunoassay with a regular competitive inhibition assay cannot be directly verified to detect CLB residuals. In this study, the binding of Au film with mercaptopropionic acid was investigated using the known form of the strong S-Au covalent bonds formed by the chemical radical of the mercaptopropionic acid and the Au film. After that, the immunoglobulin IgG of swine (SwIgG-CLB) was bonded with the mercaptopropionic acid by covalent -CO-NH- amide bonding. The modified comprehensive analysis of how the membrane structure works was introduced together with the customized SPR bioanalyzer. In order to evaluate the performance of this biomembrane structure, the concentrations of CLB-contained solutions of 0 ng•mL^-1, 10 ng•mL^-1, 20 ng•mL^-1, 33.3 ng•mL^-1, and 40 ng•mL^-1 were prepared by adding CLB reagents into the solutions of CLB antibody (Clenbuterol Hydrochloride Antibody, CLB-Ab), successively and then the response unit (RU) was measured individually. Using the data collected from the linear CCD array, the fitting curve was established with the R-Square value of 0.9929. Correspondingly, the recovery rate ranged from 88.48% to 103.21% was experimented and the limit of detection of CLB in 1.26 ng•mL^-1 was obtained efficiently. It was concluded that the detection method associated with biomembrane properties is expected to contribute much to the determination of residual CLB in pork liver quantitatively by using the customized SPR bioanalyzer.     

Silibinin inhibits the toxic aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), misfolded human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) forms amyloid deposits in pancreatic islets. These amyloid deposits contribute to the dysfunction of β-cells and the loss of β-cell mass in T2DM patients. Inhibition of hIAPP fibrillization has been regarded as a potential therapeutic approach for T2DM. Silibinin, a major active flavonoid extracted from herb milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been used for centuries to treat diabetes in Asia and Europe with unclear mechanisms. In this study, we tested whether silibinin has any effect on the amyloidogenicity of hIAPP. Our results provide first evidence that silibinin inhibits hIAPP fibrillization via suppressing the toxic oligomerization of hIAPP and enhances the viability of pancreatic β-cells, therefore silibinin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for T2DM.     

Small RNA RyhB as a potential tool used for metabolic engineering in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis>

Small RNA (RyhB) was overexpressed artificially using an arabinose-inducible system in Escherichia coli and resulted in more succinate (7-fold) accumulation, which suggested that RyhB had a strong effect on sdhCDAB genes. Acetate was also increased indicating that RyhB had a comprehensive influence on glucose central metabolism. RyhB might therefore be useful for metabolic engineering of E. coli.     

Reliability and validity of simplified Chinese version of Roland-Morris questionnaire in evaluating rural and urban patients with low back pain

Objective

The causes of low back pain in China and Western countries are extremely different. We attempted to analyze the risk factors of low back pain in urban and rural patients under the dual economy with the simplified Chinese version of Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (SC-RMDQ) to demonstrate that SC-RMDQ could evaluate patients with low back pain arising from different causes.

Methods

Roland-Morris disability questionnaire was translated into SCRMDQ according to international guidelines for questionnaire adaptation. In this study, causes of low back pain of 187 outpatients and inpatients (99 urban patients and 88 rural patients) were analyzed. All patients underwent simplified Chinese version of Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (SC-RMDQ), simplified Chinese Oswestry disability index (SCODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS). Reliability was tested using reproducibility (intraclass coefficient of correlation – ICC) and internal consistency (Cronbach''s alpha). Validity was tested using Pearson correlation analysis.

Results

The leading causes for low back pain were sedentariness (38.4%) and vibration (18.1%) in urban patients and waist bending (48.9%) and spraining (25%) in rural patients. Although causes of low back pain in the two groups of population were completely different, SCRMDQ had high internal consistency (Cronbach''s α value of 0.874 in urban patients and 0.883 in rural patients) and good reproducibility (ICC value of .952 in urban patients and 0.949 in rural patients, P<0.01). SCRMDQ also showed significant correlation with Simplified Chinese version of Oswestry disability index (SCODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) in rural areas (SCRMDQ-SCODI r = 0.841; SCRMDQ -VAS: r = 0.685, P<0.01) and in urban areas (SCRMDQ-SCODI: r = 0.818, P<0.01; SCRMDQ –VAS: r = 0.666, P<0.01).

Conclusions

Although causes of low back pain are completely different in rural and urban patients, SCRMDQ has a good reliability and validity, which is a reliable clinical method to evaluate disability of rural and urban patients.     

Reduction in leaf size at higher altitudes across 39 broad-leaved herbaceous species on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

青藏高原东北部39种阔叶草本植物叶大小随海拔增加而减少 种间或种内的叶大小随环境变化存在很大的差异，但这些差异如何随海拔变化一直都在争论。我们在青藏高原东北缘的冷龙岭和达坂山，沿海拔3200–4400 m的山坡上选取生长在开阔环境下的39种阔叶草本植物，观测了叶大小、叶长、叶宽和比叶重。研究结果表明，随海拔增加叶片显著减小，而且叶片面积的减小主要受叶片长度的影响，即随海拔增加叶长度减小明显。此外，叶片面积与海拔之间的关系随物种、叶倾角和叶表面特征而不同。利用局地环境观测数据驱动的能量平衡模型分析发现：叶温能更密切地追随气温变化，叶大小变化对叶温的影响在高海拔更为强烈。同时，基于上述能量平衡的计算结果，我们认为青藏高原东北部阔叶草本植物的海拔分布上限大约为5400 m。     

基于经血源性子宫内膜干细胞的中枢神经系统疾病治疗的研究进展

干细胞研究已成为当今生命科学领域中的前沿和热点问题,该研究为探讨胚胎发生、组织细胞分化以及基因表达调控等生物学问题提供了理想的模型,同时也为临床组织缺陷性疾病和遗传性疾病的细胞治疗和基因治疗开辟了新的手段。其中,经血源性子宫内膜干细胞(Menstrual blood-derived stem cells,MenSCs)来源丰富,具有多向分化潜能和较低的免疫排斥的特性,可以实现个体化治疗,是临床最具有应用优势的干细胞。脑与脊髓作为中枢神经系统,其损伤极为常见,致死率和致残率居各类创伤之首。与周围神经系统损伤相比,中枢神经受损后恢复较为困难,其治疗仍缺乏突破。而MenSCs的治疗有希望解决此难题,故结合近年来国内外对MenSCs的生物学特性及其对中枢神经系统疾病治疗的研究作一综述,从而为中枢神经系统疾病的治疗提供参考。