异质性光照下匍匐茎草本狗牙根克隆整合的耗益

在一盆栽实验中,将匍匐茎草本植物狗牙根克隆分株对进行异质性光照处理,对远端分株(幼年)分别进行不同程度的遮荫,并对分株对之间的匍匐茎进行保持连接或是切断处理。结果显示:在中度遮荫时,切断匍匐茎连接显著降低了远端分株的生物量和净光合速率(Pn);在重度遮荫时,切断匍匐茎连接显著降低了远端分株的分株数、叶片数、生物量、净光合速率(Pn)、最大光量子产量(Fv/Fm)和实际光量子产量(ФPSⅡ),克隆整合缓解了遮荫胁迫对远端分株生长的影响。在中度遮荫时,保持匍匐茎连接显著提高了近端分株的净光合速率(Pn);在重度遮荫时,保持匍匐茎连接显著提高了近端分株的最大光量子产量(Fv/Fm)、实际光量子产量(ФPSⅡ)和净光合速率(Pn),克隆整合使得相连未受胁迫近端分株的光合效率表现出补偿性增加。相比于匍匐茎切断处理,当远端分株遭受重度遮荫胁迫时,克隆整合引起近端未受胁迫分株生物量显著降低,而整个克隆片段生物量没有显著变化。因此,当远端分株遭受重度遮荫胁迫时,匍匐茎草本狗牙根可能采取一种风险分摊策略以降低基株死亡风险,这样一种策略对于维持克隆植物在异质性生境中基株适合度具有重要意义。     

梅毒螺旋体TpN17与TpN47表位肽融合抗原的重组表达及其酶联免疫吸附试验的建立和应用

以重组TpNs为抗原的ELISAs已被证明是具有较高敏感性和特异性的梅毒血清学检测方法,若ELISAs使用多种TpNs抗原,可进一步提高检测敏感性和特异性.根据抗原表位分析结果,本研究首先采用连接引物PCR获得了TpN17和TpN47抗原表位序列融合成的人工基因片段tpE17-47,然后构建了全长tpN17,tpN47基因以及tpE17-47融合基因的原核表达系统.SDS-PAGE和BioRad凝胶图象分析系统检查结果显示,所构建的原核表达系统能稳定表达目的重组蛋白rTpN17,rTpN47和rTpE17-47,其产量分别约占细菌总蛋白的36%、20%和28%.采用Ni-NTA亲和层析法提纯的rTpN17、rTpN47和rTpE17-47蛋白经SDS-PAGE分析,均显示为单一的蛋白条带.Western blotting结果表明,rTpN17、rTpN47和rTpE17-47蛋白均可被梅毒抗体阳性的病人血清所识别.以rTpE17-47为包被抗原的rTpE17-47-ELISA检测630例临床确诊梅毒患者血清标本的阳性率为98.6%,仅略高于TPPA(97.9%)(P>0.05),但明显高于rTpN17-ELISA(83.8%)、rTpN47-ELISA(83.3%)和RPR(72.1%)(P<0.01).上述ELISAs和TPPA对25例SLE、36例RA患者和250例健康体检者的血清标本检测结果均为阴性,但RPR分别有1、2和2例标本检测结果为阳性.本试验成功地构建了rTpE17-47抗原表位融合基因及其高效原核表达系统,所建立的rTpE17-47-ELISA可作为一种快速、简便、安全、敏感和特异的梅毒血清学筛查或诊断新方法.     

梅毒螺旋体TpN17与TpN47表位肽融合抗原的重组表达及其酶联免疫吸附试验建立和应用

以重组TpNs为抗原的ELISAs已被证明是具有较高敏感性和特异性的梅毒血清学检测方法,若ELISAs使用多种TpNs抗原,可进一步提高检测敏感性和特异性。根据抗原表位分析结果,本研究首先采用连接引物PCR获得了TpN17和TpN47抗原表位序列融合成的人工基因片段tpE17-47,然后构建了全长tpN17、tpN47基因以及tpE17-47融合基因的原核表达系统。SDS-PAGE和BioRad凝胶图象分析系统检查结果显示,所构建的原核表达系统能稳定表达目的重组蛋白rTpN17、rTpN47和rTpE17-47,其产量分别约占细菌总蛋白的36%、20%和28%。采用Ni-NTA亲和层析法提纯的rTpN17、rTpN47和rTpE17-47蛋白经SDS-PAGE分析,均显示为单一的蛋白条带。Western blotting结果表明,rTpN17、rTpN47和rTpE17-47蛋白均可被梅毒抗体阳性的病人血清所识别。以rTpE17-47为包被抗原的rTpE17-47-ELISA检测630例临床确诊梅毒患者血清标本的阳性率为98.6%,仅略高于TPPA(97.9%)(P>0.05),但明显高于rTpN17-ELI...     

Revealing the pathways by which agricultural land‐use affects stream fish communities in South Brazilian grasslands

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黄山雄性短尾猴的拥抱行为

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Reconstructing the invasion history of a spreading,non-native,tropical tree through a snapshot of current distribution,sizes, and growth rates

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Aim (1) To determine the relative need for conservation assessments of vascular plant species among the world’s ecoregions given under‐assessed species distributions; (2) to evaluate the challenge posed by the lack of financial resources on species assessment efforts; and (3) to demonstrate the utility of nonlinear mixed‐effects models with both homoscedastic and heteroscedastic error structures in the identification of species‐rich ecoregions. Location Global. Methods We identified the world’s ecoregions that contain the highest vascular plant species richness after controlling for area using species–area relationship (SAR) models built within a mixed‐effects multi‐model framework. Using quantitative thresholds, ecoregions with the highest plant species richness, historical habitat loss and projected increase in human population density were deemed to be most in need of conservation assessments of plant species. We used generalized linear models to test if countries that overlap with highly important ecoregions are poorer compared with others. Results We classed ecoregions into nine categories based on the relative need for conservation assessments of vascular plant species. Ecoregions of highest relative need are found mostly in the tropics, particularly Southeast Asia, Central America, Tropical Andes and the Cerrado of South America, and the East African montane region and its surrounding areas. Countries overlapping with ecoregions deemed important for conservation assessments are poorer as measured by their capita gross national income than the other countries. The nonlinear mixed modelling framework was effective in reducing residual spatial autocorrelation compared with nonlinear models comprised of only fixed effects. In contrasting multiple SAR models to identify species‐rich ecoregions, there was not one SAR model that fitted best across all biomes. Not all SAR models displayed homoscedastic errors; therefore it is important to consider models with both homoscedastic and heteroscedastic error structures. Main conclusions We propose that conservation assessments should be conducted first in ecoregions with the greatest predicted species richness, historical habitat loss and future human population increase. As ecoregions deemed to be important for conservation assessments are located in the poorest countries, we urge international aid agencies and botanic gardens to cooperate with both local and international scientists to fund and implement conservation assessment programmes there.