周围神经损伤后再生与修复机制研究进展

周围神经损伤是一种由于压迫、牵引、切割、缺血等原因引起的外周神经细胞损伤或坏死的疾病。周围神经损伤病理学变化包括轴浆运输受损、轴突变性、施万细胞损伤、节段性脱髓鞘和完全瓦勒氏变性。神经损伤后修复成为了现代医学研究中的热点与难点。本文对干细胞移植、神经营养因子、新型材料和生物电刺激在周围神经损伤修复中的作用及机制做了综述,并且对其在临床中的应用进行展望。     

基于高通量测序技术对山羊盲肠细菌多样性的分析

【背景】由于反刍动物特殊的生理结构,以往研究者主要集中对其瘤胃微生物的结构与组成进行了大量研究,严重忽略了盲肠微生物在营养物质消化和肠道健康方面发挥的重要作用。【目的】采用高通量测序技术分析山羊盲肠细菌的多样性及菌群结构。【方法】选用12只10月龄健康母羊,其平均体重为20.70±1.60kg,饲喂20d后,采集每只山羊的盲肠内容物,提取微生物总DNA,用细菌通用引物对细菌16S rRNA基因的高可变区进行PCR扩增,利用Illumina MiSeq平台对扩增子进行高通量测序,并用QIIME等软件对测序序列进行生物信息学分析。【结果】山羊盲肠微生物测序共获得813 496条有效序列与6 883个OTU,并且稀释曲线和Coverage指数反映此次测序结果比较全面的覆盖了山羊盲肠微生物群落。α多样性和β多样性分析表明,山羊个体之间盲肠微生物的多样性存在差异。在门水平,各样品的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);属水平,核心菌群由梭菌属(Clostridium)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)和6个未分类的细菌组成。PICRUSt基因预测表明,山羊盲肠微生物以代谢功能为主,主要包括:碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢和脂质代谢等。【结论】山羊盲肠与瘤胃细菌的多样性存在显著差异,与粪便微生物组成相似;与单胃动物相比,两者盲肠微生物的组成既有共性,也存在差异。     

内蒙古厕蝇属一新种(双翅目:厕蝇科)

报道了采自内蒙古自治区阿拉善右旗的厕蝇科１新种,命名为阿拉善厕蝇。模式标本保存于沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所。     

The Effects of Infrared Loading and Water Table on Soil Energy Fluxes in Northern Peatlands

Increased radiative forcing is an inevitable part of global climate change, yet little is known of its potential effects on the energy fluxes in natural ecosystems. To simulate the conditions of global warming, we exposed peat monoliths (depth, 0.6 m; surface area, 2.1 m²) from a bog and fen in northern Minnesota, USA, to three infrared (IR) loading (ambient, +45, and +90 W m^–2) and three water table (–16, –20, and –29 cm in bog and –1, –10 and –18 cm in fen) treatments, each replicated in three mesocosm plots. Net radiation (Rn) and soil energy fluxes at the top, bottom, and sides of the mesocosms were measured in 1999, 5 years after the treatments had begun. Soil heat flux (G) increased proportionately with IR loading, comprising about 3%–8% of Rn. In the fen, the effect of IR loading on G was modulated by water table depth, whereas in the bog it was not. Energy dissipation from the mesocosms occurred mainly via vertical exchange with air, as well as with deeper soil layers through the bottom of the mesocosms, whereas lateral fluxes were 10–20-fold smaller and independent of IR loading and water table depth. The exchange with deeper soil layers was sensitive to water table depth, in contrast to G, which responded primarily to IR loading. The qualitative responses in the bog and fen were similar, but the fen displayed wider seasonal variation and greater extremes in soil energy fluxes. The differences of G in the bog and fen are attributed to differences in the reflectance in the long waveband as a function of vegetation type, whereas the differences in soil heat storage may also depend on different soil properties and different water table depth at comparable treatments. These data suggest that the ecosystem-dependent controls over soil energy fluxes may provide an important constraint on biotic response to climate change.     

小麦—中间偃麦草抗条锈衍生系的分子细胞遗传学研究

应用缺体回交法,以部分阿勃缺体为母本,中4为父本,培育出1个对目前条锈病优势小种和新小种高抗至免疫的小麦－－中间偃麦草衍生系N9025－3－3－2－1－1。研究表明,该选系在形态学和细胞学上已经基本稳定,染色体构型为2n=42=21“,抗病性来自中间偃麦草（Thinopyron intermedium）。以中间偃麦草DNA为探针,对N9025－3－3－2－1－1进行基因组原位杂交分析结果证明,它为小麦－中间偃麦草异代换－易位系。     

海绵生物活性物质及海绵细胞离体培养

介绍了来自海绵的生物活性物质种类、分布及其潜在的应用价值。讨论了其作为抗癌、抗病毒、抗细菌等药用的生物活性物质及其相关的海绵种属 ;强调海绵生物活性物质的商业化和临床应用所面临的“供给短缺问题”。作为解决这一问题的途径之一 ,海绵细胞离体培养是最有前景的技术。讨论了海绵细胞离体培养技术的研究现状 ,存在的问题及未来的发展趋势。对我国海域的海绵生物活性物质的研究开发现状进行总结 ,强调海绵研究对开发具有我国自主知识产权的新药、新化合物的必要性及重要性 ,并提出进行研发的可能优先领域     

Isolation and functional analysis of a Brassica juncea gene encoding a com-ponent of auxin efflux carrier

Polar auxin transport plays a divergent role in plant growth and developmental processes including root and embryo development, vascular pattern formation and cell elongation. Recently isolated Arabidopsis pin gene family was believed to encode a component of auxin efflux carrier (G(?)lweiler et al, 1998). Based on the Arabidopsis pin1 sequence we have isolated a Brassica juncea cDNA (designated Bjpin1), which encoded a 70-kDa putative auxin efflux carrier. Deduced BjPIN1 shared 65% identities at protein level with AtPINl and was highly homologous to other putative PIN proteins of Arabidopsis (with highest homology to AtPIN3). Hydrophobic analysis showed similar structures between BjPINl and AtPIN proteins. Presence of 6 exons (varying in size between 65 bp and 1229 bp) and 5 introns (sizes between 89 bp and 463 bp) in the genomic fragment was revealed by comparing the genomic and cDNA sequences. Northern blot analysis indicated that Bjpin1 was expressed in most of the tissues tested, with a relatively h     

HCV全长NS3基因表达及在抗体检测中的应用

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是引起非甲非乙型肝炎的主要病原因子.被HCV感染的病例中,超过50%以上会引起持续性感染、慢性肝炎,最终可能引起肝硬化和肝细胞癌[1].HCV严重威胁人类健康,但目前对丙肝患者尚缺乏有效的治疗手段,因此,严格把好血源关,提高对丙肝患者检出的灵敏度,是阻止丙肝血源传播的有效手段.