矿山废水中微生物生态多样性研究

从湖北铜绿山铜矿和山西中条山铜矿两地采集了矿山废水样品, 用RFLP方法(限制性片段长度多态性方法)分析不同矿山废水中微生物多样性及其群落结构组成变化。结果发现：通过16S rDNA基因序列的系统发育树分析, 在5个矿山废水样品中检测到的细菌主要分为4大类：即Proteobacteria纲、Nitrospira纲、Firmicutes纲和Bacteroidetes纲。通过对古菌16S rDNA 的PCR分析发现, 取自湖北铜绿山铜矿的样品中检测到古菌的存在, 而取自山西中条山铜矿的样品中没有检测到古菌的存在。检测到的古菌主要是属于Ferroplasma属和Thermoplasma属。结合5个矿山废水样品的化学元素分析结果和细菌群落结构数据, 进行PCA分析(主成分分析), 发现不同矿山废水样品的生物地球化学性质及其微生物组成存在很大差异, pH值、温度、不同浓度的元素如S、Cu、Ni和Co可能是形成细菌种群结构差异的关键因素。     

限磷对产甘油假丝酵母甘油合成与胞内磷积累的影响

研究了磷酸盐限量对产甘油假丝酵母甘油合成与胞内磷积累的影响。结果表明, 当酵母细胞从适磷或富磷培养基转接入低磷培养基时, 发酵过程中胞内积累的磷逐渐减少; 而当菌体从低磷培养基转接入适磷或富磷培养基时, 发酵过程中胞内聚磷酸盐的积累量迅速增加。当细胞在第14小时和第38小时从适磷培养基转接入低磷培养基时甘油得率分别高达60.9%和61.4%, 而甘油产率则分别为2.03 g/(L·h)和2.23 g/(L·h)。这些现象说明限制发酵培养基中的磷浓度是产甘油假丝酵母高产甘油的必要条件, 并为其反复分批发酵法生产甘油提供了重要依据。     

口蹄疫病毒反向遗传学研究进展

反向遗传学操作技术在口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)病原学基础研究领域的应用, 使得人们能够在基因组整体水平上研究病毒基因的功能。得益于反向遗传学系统的不断完善和发展, 目前人们对FMDV分子病原学也有了更加深入的认识和理解。本文结合实验室在FMDV反向遗传学方向上所开展的探索性研究工作, 综述了国内外利用反向遗传学操作技术在研究FMDV分子致病机制、病毒毒力与变异的关系、病毒复制的影响因素、新型FMD基因疫苗的研制等领域所取得的进展, 展望FMDV反向遗传学研究新动向。     

科研设计性大实验在微生物学实验教学中的应用

探讨了在工科专业的微生物实验教学中结合科研工作开展科研设计性大实验的方法与对师生的影响, 分析了开展科研设计性大实验存在的问题。科研设计性大实验在本科生教学实践中的应用表明该方法可促进本科生的专业学习, 提升本科生的理论应用能力及科研创新能力, 是具有推广意义的教学新模式。     

外源一氧化碳对小麦幼苗耐盐性以及根中脯氨酸含量的影响

小麦幼苗经饱和度为50％的一氧化碳（C0）溶液预处理24h可以缓解随后以200mmol·L^-1NaCl处理所导致的小麦幼苗生长的受抑程度和相对含水量的下降。CO预处理还可有效提高盐胁迫下小麦幼苗根中吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶（P5CS）活性及其基因的表达,同时抑制脯氨酸脱氢酶（ProDH）活性,从而诱导脯氨酸的大量合成,缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗的伤害。     

1%蛇床子素粉剂对三种储粮害虫的防效

研究1%蛇床子素粉剂在5种处理浓度下对3种储粮害虫谷蠹Rhizopertha dominica Fabricius、玉米象Sitophilus zeamai Motschulsky和赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum Herbst的防治效果。室内毒力测定结果表明,按有效成分0.5mg/kg(蛇床子素:粮食)浓度处理粮食,7d后,粮食中谷蠹、玉米象和赤拟谷盗的校正死亡率分别为97.78%、100%、86.70%,防治效果优于对照药剂防虫磷和谷虫净。将药剂处理4个月后的粮食进行接虫试验,15d后谷蠹和玉米象的防治效果仍可达100%,达到储粮害虫防治要求。     

哺乳动物神经细胞的去分化及诱导

去分化是近年来细胞生物学,特别是新兴的干细胞生物学领域一个倍受关注的课题.大量实验证明,哺乳动物神经系统中各类神经细胞(如神经元、Schwann细胞、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞等)在适当条件下均可发生不同程度的以细胞幼稚化、重新进入细胞周期和获得多向分化的潜能为主要特征的去分化表现.本文就哺乳动物各类神经细胞的去分化及其诱导条件、对神经再生修复等的作用作一综述.     

A revision of Clematis sect. Atragene （Ranunculaceae）

Clematis sect. Atragene is revised in this paper based on the examination of a large number of herbarium specimens, extensive field observations, and morphometric analyses. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the section are given, the relationships among the species are discussed, and the evolutionary trends of some characters in the section are evaluated. The staminodes of the plants in this section may have evolved from the outer stamens with petaloid filaments and gradually disappearing anthers. Subsequently, they may have evolved in two different ways. One possibility is that the staminodes elongate and become lanceolate, as long as sepals, and their apices turn into attenuate. The other is that the staminodes are spathulate, but not elongating, as long as stamens, and their apices turn into retuse from obtuse and rounded. The evolutionary trend of sepals may be from thin to thick in texture, and the veins from non-prominent to prominent. As a result, five new series are established and nine species, two subspecies and nine varieties （including three new ranks） are recognized in this section. An identification key is provided, and each taxon is described and illustrated. Clematis sibirica and Clematis ochotensis are treated as subspecies of Clematis alpina due to their subtle differences and lack of, or few, overlapping distributions. Clematis fusijamana and Clematisfauriei are recognized as varieties of C. alpina ssp. ochotensis for the continuous variation of the velutinous strips on the sepal margins. Clematis iliensis is treated as variety of C. alpina ssp. sibirica for the continuous variation of leaf division types. Extensive variations in sepal color and basal caruncle size support degrading Clematis chiisanensis as a variety of Clematis koreana. The North American ser. Occientales may be primitive, whereas ser. Macropetalae may be the most advanced taxon in this section. Ser. Alpinae and ser. Koreanae are closely related to each other. However, the systematic position of ser.     

哺乳动物神经细胞的去分化及诱导

去分化是近年来细胞生物学,特别是新兴的干细胞生物学领域一个倍受关注的课题。大量实验证明,哺乳动物神经系统中各类神经细胞（如神经元、Schwann细胞、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞等）在适当条件下均可发生不同程度的以细胞幼稚化、重新进入细胞周期和获得多向分化的潜能为主要特征的去分化表现。本文就哺乳动物各类神经细胞的去分化及其诱导条件、对神经再生修复等的作用作一综述。     

Biogeographic diversification in Nolana （Solanaceae）, a ubiquitous member of the Atacama and Peruvian Deserts along the western coast of South America

The present paper reconstructs the biogeographic diversification for Nolana L.f. （Solanaceae）, a genus of 89 endemic species largely restricted to fog-dependent desert lomas formations of coastal Peru and Chile. Previous efforts have reconstructed a phylogenetic estimate for Nolana using a combination of molecular markers. Herein, we expand on those results to examine hypotheses of biogeographic origins and diversification patterns. Nolana occupies habitats within a continuous coastal desert and forms a terrestrial archipelago of discrete ＂islands＂ unique in size, topography, and species composition. Each locality contains at least one Nolana species and many contain multiple species in sympatry. The genus has a Chilean origin, with the basal clades confined to Chile with wide geographic and ecological distributions. Peru contains two strongly supported clades, suggesting two introductions with subsequent radiation. A Chilean clade of shrubby, small-flowered species appears to have had its origins from the same ancestors of the second line that radiated in Peru and northern Chile. Nolana galapagensis is endemic to the Islas Galapagos, with origins traced to Peruvian taxa with a divergence time of 0.35 mya. Rates of diversification over the past 4.02 mya in Nolana, in one of the driest habitats on Earth, suggest rapid adaptive radiation in several clades. Success in Nolana may be attributed to characters that confer a competitive advantage in unpredictable and water-dependent environments, such as succulent leaf anatomy and ecophysiology, and the reproductive mericarp unique to Nolana. The processes affecting or shaping the biota of western South America are discussed.