Seasonal changes in anthocyanin contents and in activities of xanthophyll and ascorbate–glutathione cycles in Sabina species derived from different environments

Qilian Juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) and Chinese juniper [Sabina chinensis (Lin.) Ant.] are overwintering plants. S. przewalskii, a protected species in China, is distributed in subalpine and alpine area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. S. chinensis is distributed in plain area. We investigated seasonal changes in photoprotective stress compounds such as anthocyanins, activities of three enzymes of ascorbate–glutathione pathway, as well as xanthophyll size and conversion in these species. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) levels were higher in the low-temperature months, which was associated with changes in anthocyanins and in de-epoxidation index [(A + Z)/(V + A + Z)]. Photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) was lower (<0.70) during winter and late autumn in both species. During the low-temperature months, S. przewalskii had higher levels of photoprotective stress compounds than S. chinensis. The results suggested that these two species possess cold-induced photoinhibition functions and show the inherent, season-dependent differences in the amounts of the stress-related compounds.     

Polymer-Based Sustained-Release Dosage Forms for Protein Drugs, Challenges, and Recent Advances

While the concept of using polymer-based sustained-release delivery systems to maintain therapeutic concentration of protein drugs for extended periods of time has been well accepted for decades, there has not been a single product in this category successfully commercialized to date despite clinical and market demands. To achieve successful systems, technical difficulties ranging from protein denaturing during formulation process and the course of prolonged in vivo release, burst release, and incomplete release, to low encapsulation efficiency and formulation complexity have to be simultaneously resolved. Based on this updated understanding, formulation strategies attempting to address these aspects comprehensively were reported in recent years. This review article (with 134 citations) aims to summarize recent studies addressing the issues above, especially those targeting practical industrial solutions. Formulation strategies representative of three areas, microsphere technology using degradable hydrophobic polymers, microspheres made of water soluble polymers, and hydrophilic in vivo gelling systems will be selected and introduced. To better understand the observations and conclusions from different studies for different systems and proteins, physicochemical basis of the technical challenges and the pros and cons of the corresponding formulation methods will be discussed.     

Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Plays an Essential Role in Obesity-Induced Adipose Inflammation

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Highlights? Obesity enhances MHCII expression in primary human and mouse adipocytes ? Adipocytes activate CD4+ ARTs via MHCII and leptin to induce adipose inflammation ? Macrophage changes in adipose follow adipocyte and T cell interactions during HFD ? Adaptive immune mechanisms are essential to obesity-induced adipose inflammation     

塔克拉玛干沙漠微生物研究进展

塔克拉玛干沙漠是中国最大的沙漠,微生物是其生态系统中的主要组成部分。近年来已有不少关于塔克拉玛干沙漠微生物的研究报道,文章对不同地点通过不同研究方法获得的结果进行梳理和总结,综述了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地、周边和气溶胶的微生物群落组成,新种资源以及菌株应用的研究,并对未来塔克拉玛干沙漠的微生物研究提出展望,旨在为深入研究沙漠微生物提供参考。     

新疆哈密七角井遗址2019年调查新发现

七角井是新疆地区最早发现的细石器遗址,位于新疆维吾尔自治区哈密地区西北部、天山南麓东段的一处山间小盆地内。2019年调查首次在该遗址发现原生地层和一处保存较完整的活动面遗迹,遗址出土石制品847件,年代为1.1万年。分析显示,该遗址石制品以优质燧石为原料生产小石叶和细石叶,多为生产过程中的副产品;工具加工简单,体现出明显的权宜性特征;这些迹象表明遗址为一处打制石器的临时性活动场所。这一发现为探讨更新世末到全新世初中亚干旱区古人类适应方式与文化交流提供了重要材料。     

新型聚乙烯亚胺衍生物在COS-7细胞中转染和毒性的研究

目的：研究以乙二醛为连接剂的聚乙烯亚胺（Polyethyleneimine,PEI）衍生物Polyimine-PEI对非洲绿猴肾癌细胞COS-7的转染活性和细胞毒性的影响。方法：以荧光素酶质粒为报告基因,研究高分子与DNA的复合物在COS-7细胞的转染活性,用MTT方法研究高分子对COS-7细胞的毒性。结果：COS-7细胞实验显示,Polyimine-PEI具有很低细胞毒性,其毒性显著低于PEI25kDa,同时也具有高效输送质粒的能力。结论：Polyimine-PEI是一种新型的高效,低毒在基因治疗领域有相当前景的非病毒载体。     

音乐对脑的正性影响与机制

文章主要阐述了音乐对脑的多方面正性影响,主要包括空间推理能力的提升（莫扎特效应）,学习记忆能力的增强等;在痰病治疗方面,则集中于音乐对精神和神经性疾病,如癫痫、孤独症、帕金森综合症、老年性痴呆等的影响。目前,音乐对机体产生的这些正性影响的具体分子机制还不十分清晰,本文将细述在音乐暴露的情况下,大脑中相关神经细胞的生长、分化、凋亡及蛋白质合成的调控,某些神经递质（如多巴胺,五羟色胺,Y-氨基丁酸等）的合成与释放,类固醇激素分泌对脑内物质合成与分泌的调节,以及BDNF／TrkB信号通路和NGF的调节。     

新型聚乙烯亚胺衍生物在COS-7 细胞中转染和毒性的研究

目的:研究以乙二醛为连接剂的聚乙烯亚胺(Polyethyleneimine,PEI)衍生物Polyimine-PEI对非洲绿猴肾癌细胞COS-7的转染活性和细胞毒性的影响。方法:以荧光素酶质粒为报告基因,研究高分子与DNA的复合物在COS-7细胞的转染活性,用MTT方法研究高分子对COS-7细胞的毒性。结果:COS-7细胞实验显示,Polyimine-PEI具有很低细胞毒性,其毒性显著低于PEI25kDa,同时也具有高效输送质粒的能力。结论:Polyimine-PEI是一种新型的高效,低毒在基因治疗领域有相当前景的非病毒载体。     

音乐对脑的正性影响与机制

文章主要阐述了音乐对脑的多方面正性影响,主要包括空间推理能力的提升(莫扎特效应),学习记忆能力的增强等;在疾病治疗方面,则集中于音乐对精神和神经性疾病,如癫痫、孤独症、帕金森综合症、老年性痴呆等的影响。目前,音乐对机体产生的这些正性影响的具体分子机制还不十分清晰,本文将细述在音乐暴露的情况下,大脑中相关神经细胞的生长、分化、凋亡及蛋白质合成的调控,某些神经递质(如多巴胺,五羟色胺,γ-氨基丁酸等)的合成与释放,类固醇激素分泌对脑内物质合成与分泌的调节,以及BDNF/TrkB信号通路和NGF的调节。