Molecular markers of nuclear restoration gene Rf1 in sunflower using bulked segregant analysis-RAPD

Restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in sunflower was demonstrated to be controlled by polygenes by analysing 982 effective crosses among 109 self-crossed lines and 16 CMS lines. Two self-crossed lines and one CMS line with distinct genotypes were applied to creation of segregating populations for DNA bulks of the target gene Rfl. Bulked DNA was prepared in order to investigate single gene Rfl and its gene marker among polygenic characters at the same genetic background. Using 80 10-mer operon primers, 620 RAPD reactions were carried out between fertile and sterile DNA bulks. In about 800 loci, primary results showed that 8 were related to the restoration genes. Furthermore. 2 were confirmed as RAPD markers for gene Rfl by examining 9 maintenance and 7 restoration lines. This method is the improvement for bulked segregant analysis[1] with which markers of single gene of target can be identified rapidly among polygenic characters.     

广西和湖南的大瓣鱼科化石

详细记述了广西博白和湖南长沙中泥盆世的大瓣鱼科化石,依其特征建立一新属——广西瓣甲鱼Guangxipetalichthysgennov,该属头甲骨片排列型式与澳大利亚的Shearsbyaspis较为接近。同时讨论了鱼化石动物群及相关的地层问题。     

光刺激参数控制器

本文介绍一种能准确而迅速改变光刺激器光学参数(波长、强度等)的远距控制装置。将具有不同光学参数的滤光片(或孔径)置于转盘的不同位置,并对其编码。通过对编码值与预置值的比较,驱动步进马达带动转盘到所需的位置。仪器操作简便,有良好的重复性。     

长裙竹荪抑菌活性物质的分离纯化及其抑菌效果

长裙竹荪Dictyophora indusiata是珍贵的食药用真菌,具有很强的抑菌作用,在天然防腐剂开发方面具有广阔的应用前景。本研究以长裙竹荪的抑菌活性为指标,通过萃取、3次不同流动相的硅胶柱层析、1次反相柱层析和薄层层析法对竹荪提取物进行分离纯化,得到一个抗菌活性强的单体化合物。根据核磁共振波谱等数据分析,推断该化合物为间苯三酚。以巨大芽孢杆菌和肠炎沙门氏菌为供试菌,用平板打孔法及原位抑菌法测定该化合物的抑菌效果,结果表明：该化合物对这两种菌有很强的抑制作用,半抑制浓度分别为83.06μg/mL和51.58μg/mL。本研究首次从长裙竹荪中获得具有抗菌活性的单体化合物间苯三酚,为竹荪天然抗菌物质的开发提供理论依据。     

东北红松纯林菌根外生菌根真菌群落与环境因子的相关性

外生菌根是木本植物根系与真菌形成的共生结构,外生菌根真菌在红松等外生菌根树种的定植与森林生态系统的保持方面起到至关重要的作用。明确菌根系统内外生菌根真菌群落组成是揭示菌根共生机制的前提条件。本研究利用Illumina Hiseq测序平台对生长季内红松纯林内根围土壤及菌根样品ITS2区进行高通量测序,分析其外生菌根真菌群落结构随季节的变化规律,同时通过统计学的方法分析了红松根系微生态中外生菌根真菌群落结构组成变化与其他生物因素、非生物因素的相关性。结果如下：（1）从6月份到10月份,5个月的菌根样品测序共得到741个真菌OTUs,利用FUNGuild数据库分析,其中85个OTUs归类为外生菌根真菌,优势属（相对丰度>5）为蜡壳菌属Sebacina、乳牛肝菌属Suillus、Meliniomyces、红菇属Russula、棉革菌属Tomentella、须腹菌属Rhizopogon和缘腺革菌属Amphinema。6月份菌根中外生菌根真菌的多样性最大,显著高于其他月份。（2）红松林外生菌根真菌群落组成受到土壤pH、有效磷含量、有效钾含量和土壤有效氮含量的影响,它们与外生菌根真菌优势属相对丰度呈现正相关或负相关。（3）根围土壤内真菌是影响红松根系外生菌根真菌相对丰度的另一重要因素,其中,包括普可尼亚属Pochonia、产丝齿菌属Hyphodontia、镰刀菌属Fusarium、Collembolispora、枝穗霉属Clonostachys、Apodus、鹅膏属Amanita在内的土壤真菌与根内外生菌根真菌的相对丰度呈线性关系。同时,超过85%的根内外生菌根真菌与同一取样地的土壤共有,可以认为侵染和扩散是红松根内外生菌根真菌群落形成的主要方式,同时兼有植物根系的选择,因为根内并不包括所有土壤中存在的外生菌根真菌,其机制需要进一步人工模拟试验验证。     

Brassica rapa Polysaccharides Ameliorate CCl4‐Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice through Inhibiting Inflammatory Apoptotic Response and Oxidative Stress

Brassica rapa L., also called NIUMA, is used empirically in Tibetan medicine for its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and antiradiation activities. This study explored the hepatoprotective effects of B. rapa polysaccharides (BRPs) on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Mice were treated with CCl₄ after the oral administration of BRPs (55, 110 and 220 mg/kg) or bifendate (100 mg/kg) for 7 days. Blood and liver samples of mice were collected for analysis after 24 h. The ALP, ALT and AST levels and the biological activities of SOD, MDA and GSH?Px were measured. Histopathological changes in the liver were determined through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 expression levels were detected by commercial reagent kits. Finally, Western blot analysis was used to check the relative expression levels of caspase‐3, p‐JAK2 and p‐STAT3. The BRP pre‐treatment significantly decreased the enzymatic activities of ALT, ALP and AST in the serum, markedly increased the activities of SOD and GSH?Px in the liver and reduced the MDA concentration in the liver. BRPs alleviated hepatocyte injury and markedly inhibited the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6, also downregulating the CCl₄‐induced hepatic tissue expression of caspase‐3. Furthermore, BRPs inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in a dose‐dependent manner in the liver. This study demonstrated that BRPs exert hepatoprotective effect against the CCl₄‐induced liver injury via modulating the apoptotic and inflammatory responses and downregulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, B. rapa could be considered a hepatoprotective medicine.     

脑缺血大鼠肺组织NGF/TrkA表达变化及其意义

目的:探讨大鼠脑缺血后肺组织神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)/酪氨酸蛋白激酶A(tropomyosin-related kinase A,TrkA)表达的变化。方法:成年雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组和脑缺血后6 h、24 h及48 h组,每组8只。建立大脑中动脉永久性局灶性缺血模型,术后于各时间点麻醉处死大鼠后,测定肺组织湿重/干重(W/D),光镜下观察HE染色肺组织病理学改变;Western blot法检测肺组织NGF、TrkA蛋白表达。结果:与假手术组相比,脑缺血后6 h肺组织W/D有增加,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而脑缺血后24 h及48 h肺组织W/D均有显著增高(P<0.05),其中以24 h组最明显(P<0.01);脑缺血后6 h肺组织出现轻度充血、水肿及炎性改变,24 h及48 h组肺泡结构破坏明显。病理学评分结果显示,脑缺血后24 h及48 h组大鼠肺组织病理评分较假手术组显著升高(P<0.05);Western blot法显示,脑缺血6 h肺组织中NGF表达增加(P<0.05),48 h时表达有下降趋势,但仍高于假手术组(P<0.05)。而肺组织中TrkA表达在脑缺血6h有下降(P>0.05),24 h下降明显(P<0.05),48 h时TrkA蛋白表达虽有上升,仍显著低于假手术组(P<0.05)。结论:大鼠肺组织NGF/TrkA的动态变化可能参与了脑缺血后肺损伤的病理生理过程。