裂新蚤的厘订及雄性形态描述（蚤目：多毛蚤科）

本文将裂新蚤Neopsylla schismatosa Li,1980改订为特新蚤裂亚种N.specialis schismatosa Li,1980,并首次记述其雄性,同时对雌性形态作了补充。     

狂犬病疫苗蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化工艺开发

目的:开发冻干人用狂犬病疫苗(鸡胚成纤维细胞)的连续流蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化工艺。方法:分别比较两种不同初始蔗糖浓度和不同上样速度对纯化效果的影响,初步确定纯化工艺;通过多批次实验确定样品收集范围;比较不同浓缩倍数条件下杂质去除和抗原回收情况,确定合适的收获液浓缩比例;比较不同批次样品纯化后的杂质去除率和重复性,判定本纯化工艺的稳定性。结果:选取60%作为初始蔗糖浓度,在上样速度为150～200ml/min时,可以有效地对10倍浓缩的病毒收获液进行纯化;卵清蛋白、牛血清白蛋白和庆大霉素去除率分别达到99%,95%和95%,且工艺具有极好的稳定性。结论:开发的连续流蔗糖密度梯度离心技术可以作为冻干人用狂犬病疫苗(鸡胚成纤维细胞)的产业化纯化工艺。     

成纤维细胞生长因子5的研究进展 *

成纤维细胞生长因子5(fibroblast growth factor 5,FGF5)是成纤维细胞生长因子家族(FGFs)的成员之一,在哺乳动物毛囊,神经系统,睾丸等多个部位及胚胎发育过程中均有表达.研究发现,FGF5具有广泛的生物学活性,如作为毛发生长重要的调节因子其编码基因突变将导致毛发异常生长,作为丝裂原在干细胞增殖,血管生成和肢体肌发育等方面发挥重要作用,以及在高血压,肿瘤等方面具有重要的生物学功能.目前,FGF5在多种疾病中的功能和作用机制尚需进一步深入研究,但其在毛发生长,干细胞增殖及在心血管疾病等方面的生物学作用具有重大的意义和临床应用价值.总结了近些年FGF5的研究进展,系统阐述了FGF5在毛发生长,干细胞增殖分化,心血管疾病及癌症等方面的相关作用机制,为进一步深入研究FGF5在疾病治疗中的作用和开发利用提供参考.     

Endogenous ocular lipids as potential modulators of intraocular pressure

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a risk factor in glaucoma, a group of irreversible blinding diseases. Endogenous lipids may be involved in regulation of IOP homeostasis. We present comparative fold analysis of phospholipids and sphingolipids of aqueous humour and trabecular meshwork from human control vs primary open-angle glaucoma and mouse control (normotensive) vs ocular hypertensive state. The fold analysis in control vs disease state was based on ratiometric mass spectrometric data for above classes of lipids. We standardized in vitro assays for rapid characterization of lipids undergoing significant diminishment in disease state. Evaluation of lipids using in vitro assays helped select a finite number of lipids that may potentially expand cellular interstitial space embedded in an artificial matrix or increase fluid flow across a layer of cells. These assays reduced a number of lipids for initial evaluation using a mouse model, DBA/2J with spontaneous IOP elevation. These lipids were then used in other mouse models for confirmation of IOP lowering potential of a few lipids that were found promising in previous assessments. Our results provide selected lipid molecules that can be pursued for further evaluation and studies that may provide insight into their function.     

青海省鼠疫的防控策略

鼠疫曾给人类带来3次世界性灾难,剥夺了上亿人的生命。作为危害人类健康最为严重的烈性传染病之一,鼠疫的防控工作显得尤为重要。新中国成立后,党和政府大力开展鼠疫防控工作,开展流行病调查,制定各项防控措施。虽然全国范围在较短的时间内遏制了鼠疫流行的猛烈势头,但在西部地区人间鼠疫时有发生。青海省地处我国西部,就其鼠疫流行特征制定了适合本地鼠疫的防控模式。本文就“青海模式”的工作机制、调查监测、宣传教育、人员培训、隐患排查等进行介绍,阐述青海省鼠疫防控工作的成效,为中国传染病防控策略发展提出新的思考。     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因对膝关节置换术后镇痛镇静效果、睡眠质量及应激反应的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因对膝关节置换术后的临床效果。方法:选取2015年2月～2018年12月期间在武警陕西省总队医院择期行膝关节置换术患者103例,根据随机数字表将患者分成对照组(n=51)和研究组(n=52),对照组股神经阻滞时给予罗哌卡因,研究组在对照组基础上联合右美托咪定。比较两组患者镇痛镇静效果、睡眠质量、应激反应以及不良反应。结果:研究组术后12 h、术后24 h、术后48 h视觉模拟评分(VAS)低于对照组(P0.05),Ramsay镇静评分则高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组术后24 h、术后48 h阿森斯失眠量表(AIS)评分均低于术前,且呈先降低后升高趋势(P0.05)。研究组术后24 h、术后48 h AIS评分低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者手术开始即刻、术毕的去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)水平均上升,且呈先升高后降低趋势(P0.05);研究组手术开始即刻、术毕的NE、E水平低于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率对比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因方案应用于膝关节置换术,镇痛镇静效果确切,可减轻术中应激反应,有效改善睡眠质量,且不增加不良反应发生率,临床应用价值较高。     

持续镇痛分娩对产妇分娩结局和新生儿评分的影响

目的:研究持续镇痛分娩对产妇分娩结局和新生儿评分的影响。方法:选择2018年7月～2019年7月中国医科大学航空总医院(本院)采取硬膜外分娩镇痛的101例产妇,将其随机分为两组。当产生确切的镇痛效果,进入第二产程后,观察组的51例产妇采用0.4μg/m L舒芬太尼以及0.08%罗哌卡因进行持续镇痛分娩;对照组的50例产妇则在宫口开全后,使用生理盐水替代泵内的局麻药物,直到分娩结束。比较两组产妇催产素的使用率,宫口扩张度和第一、第二产程按压硬膜外自控镇痛泵的次数,分娩方式,新生儿的体质量,脐动脉血pH值,出生后1 min和5 min Apgar评分,产妇修复会阴部时的视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分及产妇对于第二产程镇痛的满意度评分。结果:两组产妇催产素的使用率、宫口扩张度和第一、第二产程按压硬膜外自控镇痛泵的次数、分娩方式(剖宫产率、器械助产率、自然分娩率)、第一产程镇痛时间、第一以及第二产程时间相比均无显著差异(P0.05);两组新生儿的体质量,脐动脉血pH值,出生后1 min和5 min Apgar评分小于8分的新生儿所占的比例相比没有明显的差异(P0.05);观察组产妇修复会阴部时的VAS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05),产妇对于第二产程镇痛的满意度评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:持续镇痛分娩对产妇分娩结局和新生儿评分无明显的影响,但可显著提高产妇对第二产程镇痛和修复会阴部时镇痛的满意度。     

In vitro and in vivo efficacy of anti‐chikungunya virus monoclonal antibodies produced in wild‐type and glycoengineered Nicotiana benthamiana plants

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito‐transmitted alphavirus, and its infection can cause long‐term debilitating arthritis in humans. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics for human use to combat CHIKV infections. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using an anti‐CHIKV monoclonal antibody (mAb) produced in wild‐type (WT) and glycoengineered (?XFT) Nicotiana benthamiana plants in treating CHIKV infection in a mouse model. CHIKV mAb was efficiently expressed and assembled in plant leaves and enriched to homogeneity by a simple purification scheme. While mAb produced in ?XFT carried a single N‐glycan species at the Fc domain, namely GnGn structures, WT produced mAb exhibited a mixture of N‐glycans including the typical plant GnGnXF₃ glycans, accompanied by incompletely processed and oligomannosidic structures. Both WT and ?XFT plant‐produced mAbs demonstrated potent in vitro neutralization activity against CHIKV. Notably, both mAb glycoforms showed in vivo efficacy in a mouse model, with a slight increased efficacy by the ?XFT‐produced mAbs. This is the first report of the efficacy of plant‐produced mAbs against CHIKV, which demonstrates the ability of using plants as an effective platform for production of functionally active CHIKV mAbs and implies optimization of in vivo activity by controlling Fc glycosylation.