神经导航下经胼胝体-穹窿间入路切除丘脑胶质瘤的临床应用价值分析

目的:探讨神经导航系统辅助下经胼胝体-穹窿间入路手术切除丘脑胶质瘤的临床应用价值。方法:选择2016年2月至2018年9月我院收治的丘脑胶质瘤患者60例为研究对象,以其中采用神经导航系统辅助下的经胼胝体-穹隆间入路显微切除丘脑胶质瘤的30例患者作为实验组,另外30例采用常规手术切除的患者作为对照组。分析和比较两组手术情况、治疗效果及并发症的发生情况。结果:治疗后,实验组手术时间、住院时间均比对照组明显缩短,术中出血量及术中引流量显著少于对照组(均P0.05);实验组肿瘤全切除率高于对照组,次全切除率及部分切除率均低于对照组(P0.05);实验组并发症发生率(20.0%)显著低于对照组(53.3%)(P0.05)。结论:与常规手术相比,神经导航系统辅助下经胼胝体-穹窿间入路切除丘脑胶质瘤能显著缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量及术后引流量,显著提高丘脑肿瘤全切除率,并降低术后并发症的发生率。     

基于PI3K/PTEN/AKT信号途径探讨褪黑素对脊髓损伤大鼠突触可塑性的影响

目的:探讨褪黑素对脊髓损伤大鼠突触可塑性的影响及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/张力蛋白同源基因/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/PTEN/AKT)信号途径在其中的作用。方法:选择4月龄SPF级雄性SD大鼠48只,将其随机分为对照组(CON)、模型组(SCI)、褪黑素组(MT)和褪黑素受体拮抗剂组(LUZ),每组12只大鼠。对照组大鼠背部切口后缝合,余下各组大鼠使用改良的Allen's法建立T9水平的脊髓损伤模型。模型建立后,褪黑素组及褪黑素受体拮抗剂组每天腹腔注射褪黑素及褪黑素抑制剂,剂量为12.5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),对照组和模型组每天注射同体积的生理盐水。治疗后第3、7、14、21、28天进行BBB评分,实验结束处死大鼠取胸椎8-10节段脊髓组织,分别采用免疫组化方法测尼氏小体数量及Western Blot检测PTEN、Synapsin、PSD-95、Gap-43、Akt蛋白的表达。结果:与SCI模型大鼠相比,MT给药干预14 d后的SCI大鼠BBB评分及痛觉压力值均明显降低(P0.05),尼氏小体灰度值提高(P 0.05),PTEN、Synapsin、PSD-95、Gap-43、Akt蛋白的表达均显著上调(P 0.05)。结论:MT可能通过激活PI3K/PTEN/Akt信号途径,上调突触可塑性相关蛋白的表达,促进SCI大鼠突触修复。     

Vildagliptin improves high glucose‐induced endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction via inhibiting mitochondrial fission

The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin (VLD), a widely used anti‐diabetic drug, exerts favourable effects on vascular endothelium in diabetes. We determined for the first time the improving effects of VLD on mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured under hyperglycaemic conditions, and further explored the mechanism behind the anti‐diabetic activity. Mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production was detected by fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry. Mitochondrial DNA damage and ATP synthesis were analysed by real time PCR and ATPlite assay, respectively. Mitochondrial network stained with MitoTracker Red to identify mitochondrial fragmentation was visualized under confocal microscopy. The expression levels of dynamin‐related proteins (Drp1 and Fis1) were determined by immunoblotting. We found that VLD significantly reduced mtROS production and mitochondrial DNA damage, but enhanced ATP synthesis in endothelium under diabetic conditions. Moreover, VLD reduced the expression of Drp1 and Fis1, blocked Drp1 translocation into mitochondria, and blunted mitochondrial fragmentation induced by hyperglycaemia. As a result, mitochondrial dysfunction was alleviated and mitochondrial morphology was restored by VLD. Additionally, VLD promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK and its target acetyl‐CoA carboxylase in the setting of high glucose, and AMPK activation led to a decreased expression and activation of Drp1. In conclusion, VLD improves endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes, possibly through inhibiting Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission in an AMPK‐dependent manner.     

MiR‐140 modulates the inflammatory responses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐infected macrophages by targeting TRAF6

This study aimed to examine miR‐140 expression in clinical samples from tuberculosis (TB) patients and to explore the molecular mechanisms of miR‐140 in host‐bacterial interactions during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M tb) infections. The miR‐140 expression and relevant mRNA expression were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR); the protein expression levels were analysed by ELISA and western blot; M tb survival was measured by colony formation unit assay; potential interactions between miR‐140 and the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of tumour necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6) was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. MiR‐140 was up‐regulated in the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from TB patients and in THP‐1 and U937 cells with M tb infection. Overexpression of miR‐140 promoted M tb survival; on the other hand, miR‐140 knockdown attenuated M tb survival. The pro‐inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6, tumour necrosis‐α, interleukin‐1β and interferon‐γ were enhanced by M tb infection in THP‐1 and U937 cells. MiR‐140 overexpression reduced these pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels in THP‐1 and U937 cells with M tb infection; while knockdown of miR‐140 exerted the opposite actions. TRAF6 was identified to be a downstream target of miR‐140 and was negatively modulated by miR‐140. TRAF6 overexpression increased the pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels and partially restored the suppressive effects of miR‐140 overexpression on pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels in THP‐1 and U937 cells with M tb infection. In conclusion, our results implied that miR‐140 promoted M tb survival and reduced the pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels in macrophages with M tb infection partially via modulating TRAF6 expression.     

建立多重液相基因芯片方法快速检测狐狸、水貂成分

基于xMAP液相芯片新型生物技术平台,分别以狐狸线粒体DNA D-loop区序列、水貂线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因序列为模板设计特异扩增引物和探针,并对探针进行锁核酸修饰,建立了二重xMAP液相基因芯片方法,用于快速检测狐狸和水貂源性成分。该法能准确鉴定鉴别狐狸和水貂DNA,对其他18种动物物种DNA均呈检测阴性,对狐狸、水貂DNA的检测低限分别为2. 8pg/μl、0. 9pg/μl,对肉类混样检出限为0. 05%(m/m)。对目标源性DNA含量为1%(V/V)的32份饲料与食品核酸添加样本均呈对应目标检测阳性。结果表明,该方法特异性强、灵敏度高,适用于食品与饲料领域相关原料和产品的质量与安全检验。     

MOFs固定5-羟甲基糠醛氧化酶及其催化活性的研究

固定化酶作为一种绿色高效的生物催化剂,其性能远超游离酶。目前酶的固定化技术适用范围仍然较小,酶的研究范围多停留在模型酶阶段,扩大固定化酶的研究范围具有十分重要的意义。金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)作为酶固定化的载体在近些年得到了广泛的探索,但是具有生物功能的酶-MOFs复合材料的许多特性仍有待挖掘。采用仿生矿化的合成方法将5-羟甲基糠醛氧化酶(HMFO)固定到以沸石咪唑酯(ZIF-8)为代表的MOFs材料中,制备得到一种新的生物催化剂HMFO@ZIF-8,扫描电子显微镜表征其形态区别于经典的菱形十二面体。采用考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质浓度,计算得到酶的固定化效率达到89. 0%。HMFO@ZIF-8催化5-羟甲基糠醛的转化率达到84. 3%,收率和选择性均高于游离酶。拓展了MOFs固定化酶的研究范围,为研究其他生物大分子复合材料的生物催化剂提供一定的借鉴意义。     

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在矽肺中的作用研究

目的:通过构建二氧化硅诱导动物矽肺模型,探讨中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil nxtracellular traps,NETs)在矽肺中可能的作用。方法:将C57BL/6J雄性小鼠完全随机分为磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered solution,PBS)组、脱氧核糖核酸酶Ⅰ(deoxyribonuclease Ⅰ, DNase Ⅰ)组、二氧化硅+PBS组、二氧化硅+DNase Ⅰ组。通过气管内滴注二氧化硅(0.2 g/kg)混悬液构建小鼠矽肺模型,PBS组与DNase Ⅰ组注入等体积的PBS。在二氧化硅(silicon dioxide,SiO_2)混悬液注入后的第0小时、10小时小鼠气管内注入DNase Ⅰ(5 mg/kg),以后DNase Ⅰ持续给药:5 mg/kg/day,直到SiO_2混悬液注入后的28天。二氧化硅(SiO_2)干预28天后,取各组小鼠肺组织与肺泡灌洗液,通过PicoGreen荧光染料检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)中NETs水平,酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测BALF中转化生长因子β1 (transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)与炎症因子白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平,HE染色和Masson染色观察肺组织的病理学变化,Western Blot检测肺组织中NETs特异性组分瓜氨酸化组蛋白3(citrullinated-histone3,Cit-H3)表达。结果:SiO_2干预28天后,与PBS组相比,二氧化硅+PBS组小鼠肺组织炎症损伤加重,BALF中促炎介质IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平上升;肺组织发生纤维化,大量硅结节形成;肺组织中Cit-H3蛋白表达量增加,BALF中NETs水平显著升高。予以NETs抑制剂DNase Ⅰ进行干预后,肺组织NETs水平显著下降,二氧化硅诱导的肺部炎症损伤、纤维化显著减轻。结论:NETs水平升高可能介导了二氧化硅诱导的小鼠矽肺模型肺部炎症损伤与纤维化。     

Establishment of wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum translocation lines with resistance to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Ug99

<正>Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. E. Henn. (Pgt), is a destructive wheat disease and has the potential to cause significant yield losses (Olivera et al., 2015;Soko et al., 2018). The emergence of Pgt race TTKSK, virulent to the widely deployed stem rust resistance gene Sr31 and originally named as isolate Pgt-Ug99 (Pretorius et al., 2000), emphasized     

Effects of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on serum uric acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review with an indirect comparison meta-analysis

To describe the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on serum uric acid (SUA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM up to Aug 10, 2017, without language or date restrictions. Thirty-one studies totaling 13,650 patients were included. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly decreased SUA levels compared with placebo, canagliflozin WMD –37.02?μmol/L, 95% CI [–38.41, –35.63], dapagliflozin WMD –38.05?μmol/L, 95% CI [–44.47, –31.62], empagliflozin WMD –42.07?μmol/L, 95% CI [–46.27, –37.86]. The drug class effect of SUA reduction suggesting SGLT2 inhibitors might be beneficial for diabetic patients with hyperuricemia.