全文获取类型
收费全文 | 39480篇 |
免费 | 16794篇 |
国内免费 | 21篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 88篇 |
2022年 | 132篇 |
2021年 | 755篇 |
2020年 | 2331篇 |
2019年 | 3937篇 |
2018年 | 4081篇 |
2017年 | 4324篇 |
2016年 | 4465篇 |
2015年 | 4697篇 |
2014年 | 4350篇 |
2013年 | 4990篇 |
2012年 | 2853篇 |
2011年 | 2549篇 |
2010年 | 3672篇 |
2009年 | 2346篇 |
2008年 | 1444篇 |
2007年 | 1093篇 |
2006年 | 950篇 |
2005年 | 957篇 |
2004年 | 928篇 |
2003年 | 792篇 |
2002年 | 800篇 |
2001年 | 458篇 |
2000年 | 392篇 |
1999年 | 311篇 |
1998年 | 177篇 |
1997年 | 119篇 |
1996年 | 124篇 |
1995年 | 119篇 |
1994年 | 102篇 |
1993年 | 104篇 |
1992年 | 139篇 |
1991年 | 114篇 |
1990年 | 101篇 |
1989年 | 101篇 |
1988年 | 100篇 |
1987年 | 81篇 |
1986年 | 84篇 |
1985年 | 105篇 |
1984年 | 80篇 |
1983年 | 68篇 |
1982年 | 81篇 |
1981年 | 53篇 |
1980年 | 53篇 |
1979年 | 59篇 |
1977年 | 64篇 |
1976年 | 46篇 |
1975年 | 45篇 |
1974年 | 57篇 |
1973年 | 61篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 20 毫秒
991.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction and comparison of vacuolar membranes in response to viral infection
Xueting Wang Juncai Ma Xuejiao Jin Ning Yue Peng Gao Keith Ka Ki Mai Xian‐Bing Wang Dawei Li Byung‐Ho Kang Yongliang Zhang 《植物学报(英文版)》2021,63(2):353-364
The vacuole is a unique plant organelle that plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis under various environmental stress conditions. However, the effects of biotic stress on vacuole structure has not been examined using three‐dimensional (3D) visualization. Here, we performed 3D electron tomography to compare the ultrastructural changes in the vacuole during infection with different viruses. The 3D models revealed that vacuoles are remodeled in cells infected with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) or tobacco necrosis virus A Chinese isolate (TNV‐AC), resulting in the formation of spherules at the periphery of the vacuole. These spherules contain neck‐like channels that connect their interior with the cytosol. Confocal microscopy of CMV replication proteins 1a and 2a and TNV‐AC auxiliary replication protein p23 showed that all of these proteins localize to the tonoplast. Electron microscopy revealed that the expression of these replication proteins alone is sufficient to induce spherule formation on the tonoplast, suggesting that these proteins play prominent roles in inducing vacuolar membrane remodeling. This is the first report of the 3D structures of viral replication factories built on the tonoplasts. These findings contribute to our understanding of vacuole biogenesis under normal conditions and during assembly of plant (+) RNA virus replication complexes. 相似文献
992.
In eukaryotes, autophagy helps maintain cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling cytoplasmic materials via a tightly regulated pathway.Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards understanding the physiological functions and molecular regulation of autophagy in plant cells. Increasing evidence indicates that autophagy is essential for plant responses to several developmental and environmental cues, functioning in diverse processes such as senescence, male fertility, root meristem maintenance, responses to nutrient starvation,and biotic and abiotic stress. Recent studies have demonstrated that, similar to nonplant systems,the modulation of core proteins in the plant autophagy machinery by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination,lipidation, S-sulfhydration, S-nitrosylation, and acetylation is widely involved in the initiation and progression of autophagy. Here, we provide an overview of the physiological roles and posttranslational regulation of autophagy in plants. 相似文献
993.
Ana Marcia Escocard de Azevedo Manhaes Fausto Andres Ortiz-Morea Ping He Libo Shan 《植物学报(英文版)》2021,63(1):79-101
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to pathogen invasions and environmental fluctuations. To overcome the challenges of their surroundings, plants acquire the potential to sense endogenous and exogenous cues, resulting in their adaptability. Hence, plants have evolved a large collection of plasma membrane-resident receptors, including RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASEs(RLKs) and RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEINs(RLPs) to perceive those signals and regulate plant growth,development, and immunity. The ability of RLKs and RLPs to recognize distinct ligands relies on diverse categories of extracellular domains evolved. Co-regulatory receptors are often required to associate with RLKs and RLPs to facilitate cellular signal transduction. RECEPTOR-LIKE CYTOPLASMIC KINASEs(RLCKs) also associate with the complex, bifurcating the signal to key signaling hubs, such as MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE(MAPK) cascades, to regulate diverse biological processes. Here, we discuss recent knowledge advances in understanding the roles of RLKs and RLPs in plant growth, development, and immunity, and their connection with co-regulatory receptors, leading to activation of diverse intracellular signaling pathways. 相似文献
994.
995.
Yi‐Zhe Zhang Juncheng Lin Zhizhong Ren Chun‐Xiang Chen Daisuke Miki Si‐Si Xie Jian Zhang Ya‐Nan Chang Jing Jiang Jun Yan Qingshun Q. Li Jian‐Kang Zhu Cheng‐Guo Duan 《植物学报(英文版)》2021,63(4):707-722
Heterochromatin is widespread in eukaryotic genomes and has diverse impacts depending on its genomic context. Previous studies have shown that a protein complex, the ASI1‐AIPP1‐EDM2 (AAE) complex, participates in polyadenylation regulation of several intronic heterochromatin‐containing genes. However, the genome‐wide functions of AAE are still unknown. Here, we show that the ASI1 and EDM2 mostly target the common genomic regions on a genome‐wide level and preferentially interacts with genetic heterochromatin. Polyadenylation (poly(A) sequencing reveals that AAE complex has a substantial influence on poly(A) site usage of heterochromatin‐containing genes, including not only intronic heterochromatin‐containing genes but also the genes showing overlap with heterochromatin. Intriguingly, AAE is also involved in the alternative splicing regulation of a number of heterochromatin‐overlapping genes, such as the disease resistance gene RPP4. We provided evidence that genic heterochromatin is indispensable for the recruitment of AAE in polyadenylation and splicing regulation. In addition to conferring RNA processing regulation at genic heterochromatin‐containing genes, AAE also targets some transposable elements (TEs) outside of genes (including TEs sandwiched by genes and island TEs) for epigenetic silencing. Our results reveal new functions of AAE in RNA processing and epigenetic silencing, and thus represent important advances in epigenetic regulation. 相似文献
996.
997.
Jie Wang Long‐Jiang Yu Wenda Wang Qiujing Yan Tingyun Kuang Xiaochun Qin Jian‐Ren Shen 《植物学报(英文版)》2021,63(7):1367-1381
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the two photosystems in photosynthesis, and performs a series of electron transfer reactions leading to the reduction of ferredoxin. In higher plants, PSI is surrounded by four light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) subunits, which harvest and transfer energy efficiently to the PSI core. The crystal structure of PSI-LHCI supercomplex has been analyzed up to 2.6 Å resolution, providing much information on the arrangement of proteins and cofactors in this complicated supercomplex. Here we have optimized crystallization conditions, and analyzed the crystal structure of PSI-LHCI at 2.4 Å resolution. Our structure showed some shift of the LHCI, especially the Lhca4 subunit, away from the PSI core, suggesting the indirect connection and inefficiency of energy transfer from this Lhca subunit to the PSI core. We identified five new lipids in the structure, most of them are located in the gap region between the Lhca subunits and the PSI core. These lipid molecules may play important roles in binding of the Lhca subunits to the core, as well as in the assembly of the supercomplex. The present results thus provide novel information for the elucidation of the mechanisms for the light-energy harvesting, transfer and assembly of this supercomplex. 相似文献
998.
Potassium and phosphorus transport and signaling in plants 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nitrogen(N), potassium(K), and phosphorus(P) are essential macronutrients for plant growth and development, and their availability affects crop yield. Compared with N, the relatively low availability of K and P in soils limits crop production and thus threatens food security and agricultural sustainability. Improvement of plant nutrient utilization efficiency provides a potential route to overcome the effects of K and P deficiencies. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying how plants sense, absorb, transport, and use K and P is an important prerequisite to improve crop nutrient utilization efficiency. In this review, we summarize current understanding of K and P transport and signaling in plants, mainly taking Arabidopsis thaliana and rice(Oryza sativa) as examples. We also discuss the mechanisms coordinating transport of N and K, as well as P and N. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Michael A.P. Bloomfield Tinya Chang Maximillian J. Woodl Laura M. Lyons Zhen Cheng Clarissa Bauer‐Staeb Catherine Hobbs Sophie Bracke Helen Kennerley Louise Isham Chris Brewin Jo Billings Talya Greene Glyn Lewis 《World psychiatry》2021,20(1):107-123
Experiencing psychological trauma during childhood and/or adolescence is associated with an increased risk of psychosis in adulthood. However, we lack a clear knowledge of how developmental trauma induces vulnerability to psychotic symptoms. Understanding the psychological processes involved in this association is crucial to the development of preventive interventions and improved treatments. We sought to systematically review the literature and combine findings using meta‐analytic techniques to establish the potential roles of psychological processes in the associations between developmental trauma and specific psychotic experiences (i.e., hallucinations, delusions and paranoia). Twenty‐two studies met our inclusion criteria. We found mediating roles of dissociation, emotional dysregulation and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (avoidance, numbing and hyperarousal) between developmental trauma and hallucinations. There was also evidence of a mediating role of negative schemata, i.e. mental constructs of meanings, between developmental trauma and delusions as well as paranoia. Many studies to date have been of poor quality, and the field is limited by mostly cross‐sectional research. Our findings suggest that there may be distinct psychological pathways from developmental trauma to psychotic phenomena in adulthood. Clinicians should carefully ask people with psychosis about their history of developmental trauma, and screen patients with such a history for dissociation, emotional dysregulation and PTSD symptoms. Well conducted research with prospective designs, including neurocognitive assessment, is required in order to fully understand the biopsychosocial mechanisms underlying the association between developmental trauma and psychosis. 相似文献