Reaction mechanism of isomaltooligosaccharides synthesis by α-glucosidase fromAspergillus carbonarious

Summary An -glucosidase fromAspergillus carbonarious CCRC 30414 was employed for investigating the enzymatic synthesis of isomaltooligosaccharides from maltose. The enzyme transferred a glucose unit from the nonreducing end of maltose and other -linked glucosyl oligosaccharides to glucose and other glucosyl oligosaccharides which function as accepting co-substrates. The transfer of a glucose unit occurs most frequently to the 6-OH position of the nonreducing end of acceptor, but transfer to 4-OH position also occurs. Treatment of 30 % (w/v) maltose with the enzyme under optimum conditions afforded more than 50% isomaltooligosaccharides.     

Purification and characterization of α-glucosidase from Aspergillus carbonarious

Summary An -glucosidase was purified from Aspergillus carbonarious CCRC 30414 over 20 fold with 37 % recovery. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 328 kDa by gel filtration with an optimum pH from 4.2 to 5.0, and pI=5.0. The optimum temperature is at 60°C over 40 min. The enzyme was partially inhibited by 5 mM Ag⁺, Hg²⁺, Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Aso₄ ⁺.     

A Rapid Determination of 30 Prohibited Pesticide Residues in Lycii Fructus by UPLC-MS/MS

Prohibited pesticide residues have become one of the main factors affecting the quality and safety of Lycii Fructus, However, rarely studies focus on the rapid determination of these residues. Here, a total of 30 kinds of prohibited pesticide residues were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in five different process ways. Pretreatment methods, chromatographic separation and detection conditions in mass spectrometry were all optimized accordingly. Among the five different pretreatment methods, the first and third solid phase extraction failed to provide high recoveries of sulfosulfuron compounds (both lower than 60%). Recovery of chlorphenamidine by the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe multiresidue method (QuEChERS) was lower than 60%, which did not meet the requirements of trace determination. The concentrations of 30 prohibited pesticides residues treated by straightforward and solid phase extraction showed good linearity in their corresponding ranges, with correlation coefficients over 0.99. The average recoveries of straightforward ranged from 78.13% to 110.9%, while RSD ranged from 1.3% to 16.9%, albeit poor purification was observed. The recovery yield from solid phase extraction was between 67.75% and 103.08% with RSD value from 0.8% to 14.0%, which met the requirements of trace determination, this method has good precision and stability. These results could be employed to other Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) in detecting prohibited pesticide residues.     

玉米赤霉烯酮脱毒菌PA26-7的分离鉴定及其应用效果评价

【背景】玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)是广泛污染粮谷类作物的一种雌激素类真菌毒素,不仅给农业经济带来巨大损失,还能通过食物链对人和动物健康造成危害。【目的】从微生态制剂中筛选获得能够高效降解玉米赤霉烯酮的菌株,优化其脱毒条件,测定其在饲料中的实际脱毒效果及对饲料中植酸、维生素含量变化的影响。【方法】从微生态制剂中分离出玉米赤霉烯酮降解菌,通过细胞计数试剂盒-8 (cell counting kit-8, CCK-8)测定菌株降解玉米赤霉烯酮产物的细胞毒性和雌激素活性,通过高效液相色谱法测定分离株在培养基和饲料中的解毒效果,以及分离株在霉变的豆粕、麸皮和成品饲料中固态发酵前后维生素的含量变化,通过三氯化铁比色法测定饲料脱毒前后植酸的含量变化。【结果】从微生态制剂中筛选出一株通过分泌胞外酶高效降解玉米赤霉烯酮的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis) PA26-7,该菌株在培养基起始pH 4.0-8.0、培养温度25-60℃条件下均可降解玉米赤霉烯酮,产物的细胞毒性和雌激素活性均较ZEN弱。PA26-7经固态发酵72h后,饲料原料(豆粕和麸皮)及霉变的成品鸡...     

Fulvic Acid,Brassinolide, and Uniconazole Mediated Regulation of Morphological and Physiological Traits in Maize Seedlings Under Water Stress

Water stress is one of the most important factors limiting sustainable crop production. Therefore, the effects of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) fulvic acid (FA), brassinolide (BR), and uniconazole (Uni) on seedling growth and physiology of two maize (Zea mays L.) varieties were evaluated under???0.7 MPa water stress induced by polyethylene glycol-6000. Under drought stress, the PGRs promoted seedling growth, altered the root-to-shoot ratio, and significantly increased root biomass, length, surface area, diameter, and volume. In addition, depending on the PGR, net photosynthesis rate, SPAD value (indicating chlorophyll content), and water use efficiency increased significantly, under drought stress, whereas transpiration rate decreased. The PGRs also significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities and significantly decreased malondialdehyde accumulation in leaves and roots under drought stress. Zhengdan958 showed greater variation in physiological responses and stronger drought resistance than Xundan20. In alleviating drought stress in maize seedlings, FA had the greatest effects on shoot growth and leaf physiology; Uni exerted its effects by regulating root structure, and BR effects were intermediate. Under drought stress, the three PGRs increased maize seedling growth, which reduced drought stress-induced damage and improved plant ability to resist the adversity. Based on a comprehensive analysis of physiological indices of drought resistance, Uni is recommended as the best PGR to improve maize seedlings resistance to drought.