野桑蚕性信息素结合蛋白基因pbp1、气味受体基因or1和or3的克隆及其与家蚕同源基因的进化分析

昆虫能够特异性识别同类异性。雄蚕蛾对雌蚕蛾感知定位过程中, 性信息素结合蛋白PBP1、气味受体OR1和OR3起重要作用。为研究家蚕Bombyx mori和野桑蚕Bombyx mandarina杂交困难的分子机制, 了解性识别相关基因的进化, 本研究克隆得到了野桑蚕的性信息素结合蛋白基因pbp1（GenBank注册号：GQ246497）和气味受体基因or1（Genank注册号：GQ246496）和or3（GenBank注册号：GQ246498）。序列分析发现, 家蚕与野桑蚕相比, pbp1基因存在4个SNP位点, 分别为C10A, A40T, T270C和A333G, 其中2个SNP位点引起氨基酸的改变, 分别为Q→K和N→Y; or1基因存在5个SNP位点, 分别为T910C, A1147C, A1192T, T1276C和G1282A, 其中1个SNP位点引起氨基酸F→L的改变; or3基因存在4个SNP位点, 分别为A507G, A513G, T605C和G672A, 其中1个SNP位点引起氨基酸I→T的改变。3个基因的遗传距离很近, 进化速率也很慢。氨基酸的分子量和等电点有细微差异或无差异。PHD预测的二级结构表明, 变异位点对附近区域的结构没有任何影响, 功能位点也没有变化。推测家蚕与野桑蚕之间, 这些基因功能可能没有差异, 即二者的雌雄性个体间可以相互感知、识别, 这与实验观察结果一致。     

Saturating Irradiance-Induced Photoinhibition without Monomerisation of Photosystem 2 Dimer in Soybean Leaves

The oligomeric state of photosystem 2 (PS2) complex in soybean leaves treated with saturating irradiance was studied by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and gel filtration chromatography. PS2 dimers resolved by non-denaturing PAGE accounted for about 75 % of total PS2 complex and there was no significant difference in the ratio of PS2 dimer to monomer between samples from saturating irradiance-treated and fully dark-adapted leaves. Furthermore, BBY particles were resolved into four chlorophyll-enriched fractions by gel filtration chromatography. From their molecular masses and protein components, these fractions were deduced to be PS2 dimer, PS2 monomer, oligomeric light-harvesting complex 2 (LHC2), and monomeric LHC2. Also, no change in the proportion of PS2 dimer in total PS2 was observed in the granal region of thylakoid membranes from soybean leaves after saturating irradiation. Hence the dimer is the predominant natural form of PS2 in vivo and no monomerisation of PS2 dimer occurs during saturating irradiance-induced photoinhibition in soybean leaves.     

TET2 is a component of the estrogen receptor complex and controls 5mC to 5hmC conversion at estrogen receptor cis-regulatory regions

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