纳米锁阳对肝性脑病肠道菌群及免疫功能的调整

目的研究纳米中药锁阳对内毒素诱发肝硬化大鼠发生肝性脑病的肠道菌群与免疫功能的影响。方法肝硬化大鼠行小剂量内毒素腹腔注射造成肝性脑病模型。观察常态、纳米中药锁阳对肠道菌群,血清IL-2水平及血浆中血氨含量影响。结果肝性脑病大鼠血浆内毒素及血氨明显升高,正常对照组与模型组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。常态锁阳治疗组与纳米锁阳治疗组血浆中血氨、内毒素均明显降低,肠道菌群失调症有明显改变。常态锁阳治疗组与自然恢复组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,纳米中药治疗组与常态中药治疗组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论高血氨是内毒素诱发肝性脑病发生的主要诱因。应用中药锁阳从调整微生态失调角度来治疗肝性脑病,取得较好疗效,纳米中药锁阳的效果更佳。     

Enhancement of pheochromocytoma nerve cell growth by consecutive fractionization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Angelica gigas</Emphasis> Nakai extracts

This work was to investigate the effect of flavonoids from Angelica gigas Nakai on the proliferation and differentiation of PC12 cells. Several solvents including hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water consecutively partitioned. We determined the ethanol crude extract of Angelica gigas Nakai. The hexane fraction was shown to contain the highest number of flavonoids as follows; 21.48 mg/g and the composition of the flavonoids was as follows: 12.24 mg/g of quercetin, 4.39 mg/g of myricetin and 2.58 mg/g of catechin. In addition, this hexane fraction greatly increased both cell growth and outgrowth of the neurite, and whose effects were three times higher than those of the other fractions. The length of the neurites was measured as ca. 110 μm in adding 50 μg/mL of the hexane fraction, which was about the same as the case of adding 50 ng/mL of NGF as a positive control. This result indicates that the differentiation of PC12 cells by the addition of the hexane fraction was comparable to the case of adding NGF. The hexane fraction was also determined to prevent apoptosis of PC12 cells by suppressing DNA fragmentation. It is interesting that the mixture of three major flavonoids, quercetin, myricetin and catechin showed stronger activity on, both PC12 cell growth and neuritis outgrowth, than when adding each flavonoid alone. We believe this was due to the synergistic effects of the three flavonoids. The activities of these flavonoids from Angelica gigas Nakai are reported for the first time in this study.     

对马耳蕨的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称对马耳蕨[Polystichum tsus-simense（Hook.）J.Smith],又称小叶金鸡尾巴草。 2材料类别成熟孢子。3培养条件孢子萌发培养基：（1）MS;（2）1/2MS;（3）1/4MS。原叶体继代增殖培养基：（4）MS＋6-BA     

棉铃虫血细胞对葡聚糖凝胶珠的包囊反应

研究了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)血细胞对葡聚糖凝胶珠的包囊反应。结果表明:棉铃虫血细胞对不同类型的葡聚糖凝胶珠具有不同的包囊能力,其中对SephadexA-25葡聚糖凝胶珠具有很强的包囊能力;棉铃虫血细胞启动对SephadexA-25葡聚糖凝胶珠的包囊反应是较迅速的,而包囊的完成大概是在凝胶珠进入棉铃虫体内12h之后;在离体的情况下,棉铃虫血细胞仍然能包囊葡聚糖凝胶珠。     

Plastid genome sequencing,comparative genomics,and phylogenomics:Current status and prospects

More than 190 plastid genomes have been completely sequenced during the past two decades due to advances in DNA sequencing technologies.Based on this unprecedented abundance of data,extensive genomic changes have been revealed in the plastid genomes.Inversion is the most common mechanism that leads to gene order changes.Several inversion events have been recognized as informative phylogenetic markers,such as a 30-kb inversion found in all living vascular plants minus lycopsids and two short inversions putat...     

Demographic history of the Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsoni(chiru)

The Tibetan antelope(chiru,Pantholops hodgsoni),a heavily poached species and symbol of the QinghaiTibetan Plateau(QTP),is noted worldwide for its special calving migration.This species originated in the early Quaternary and it is interesting to know how the following climatic oscillations affected its demographic dynamics in the climate-sensitive QTP.In this study,we analyzed the mitochondrial D-loop region from 312 individuals sampled in all of the six major populations.We found high rates of gene flow and little genetic differentiation between populations,suggesting that the calving migration may have homogenized the genetic pool of this species.Both mismatch distribution analyses and coalescent simulations suggested that this species experienced a demographic expansion approximately 600-200 Kyt following the retreat of the large glaciers developed in the QTP at 800-600 Kyr,rather than at the end of the last glacial age,as previously suggested based on a limited sample size.In addition,we found evidence of a chiru population decrease probably related to the human settings at the QTP during the middle Holocene.     

氮素对短葶飞蓬生长和次生代谢产物积累的影响

以不同氮素供应对短葶飞蓬(Erigeron breviscapus)进行了人工栽培试验,探讨氮素对药用植物生长和次生代谢产物含量及产量的影响作用规律.结果显示:氮素施用量与短葶飞蓬植株生物量呈极显著的正相关;而与灯盏乙素和总咖啡酸酯含量则表现出显著的负相关;对总咖啡酸酯和灯盏乙素的产量没有显著的促进作用.植株灯盏乙素和总咖啡酸酯含量与生物量呈现极显著的负相关;与植株含氮量也存在极显著的负线性关系,变化规律与"碳素/营养平衡假说"预测的一致.研究表明,植株生长与次生代谢有效成分积累间存在一定的权衡关系,过多的施用氮肥提高药材产量时将会导致黄酮等酚类次生代谢有效成分含量下降.     

珙桐中一个与低温相关基因的克隆及其表达研究

低温诱导膜蛋白是由低温诱导表达蛋白基因编码的一类疏水性蛋白,在植物抵御寒冷环境时起着一定的保护作用。从珙桐cDNA文库中获得一个未知基因（DiRCI）,该基因长539bp,其中包括174bp的开放阅读框,92bp的5′末端非编码区和273bp的3′末端非编码区,编码57个氨基酸残基蛋白,在氨基酸水平上同源性较高的是车前草的低温诱导膜蛋白（登入号：ACA66247.1）,其相似性为89.5%。半定量RT-PCR分析发现,25℃以上,该基因在珙桐各器官中基本上均未表达,但经8℃低温处理时,在成熟叶片、叶柄和成熟未萌发的种子中均有表达,但是在根中基本没有表达,进一步研究发现该基因在24h～48h内表达量增多并达到最高值,48h后其表达量逐渐减弱直至消失,说明该基因确实与低温诱导相关,从而初步推测该基因为低温诱导膜蛋白基因。该基因的克隆丰富和保存了珙桐基因资源,并为进一步研究冷胁迫的分子机制奠定了基础。     

夏块菌与青刚栎形成外生菌根形态变化的研究

夏块菌（Tuber aestivum）是一种具有较高经济价值的菌根食用菌。对夏块菌与青刚栎（Cycloba-lanopsis glauca）在形成菌根过程中不同阶段的菌根形态变化进行了研究,结果显示：用夏块菌孢子液接种青刚栎苗后,第14天起开始形成淡乳色的外生菌根,外延菌丝刚毛状;第一至第二个月可形成黄褐色、褐色外生菌根,外延菌丝刚毛或羊毛状。外生菌根为单根,长1～4mm,直径150～250μm。菌套厚12～20μm,平坦或自菌根延伸出刚毛状菌丝,外延菌丝束黄绿色;哈替氏网菌丝直径1～1.5μm。菌根老化后变暗褐或萎缩。外延菌丝束呈黄绿色是夏块菌菌根区别于其它块菌菌根最重要的形态特征。     

利用相互染色体涂色技术分析两株人肺腺癌细胞系(A549和GLC-82)的核型特征

肺癌是全世界癌症死亡中的一个主要的原因。除吸烟外,一些肺癌患者的发病与氡气污染相关。该研究采用包括染色体分选、正向和反向染色体涂色技术,分析了两株肺腺癌细胞系A549和GLC-82的核型特征。A549和GLC-82细胞系都属于非小细胞肺癌细胞系,但诱因不同,后者来源于一个长期生活在氡气污染环境肺癌病人的癌组织。染色体涂色结果表明,这两株肺癌细胞系发生了复杂的染色体重排。在A549和 GLC-82细胞系中,除正常染色体拷贝数变化外,还分别存在13条和24条畸变染色体。约一半的畸变染色体是通过非相互易位形成的,其余的畸变染色体则是通过一些正常染色体的片段缺失或重复而产生的。尽管这两株肺癌细胞系都没有共同的畸变染色体, 但它们似共享两个染色体易位断裂点：HSA8q24和12q14。